Rio Saliceto
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Rio Saliceto ( Reggiano: ) is a ''
comune The (; plural: ) is a local administrative division of Italy, roughly equivalent to a township or municipality. It is the third-level administrative division of Italy, after regions ('' regioni'') and provinces (''province''). The can also ...
'' (municipality) in the
Province of Reggio Emilia The Province of Reggio Emilia ( it, Provincia di Reggio nell'Emilia, Emilian: ''pruvînsa ed Rèz'') is one of the nine provinces of the Italian Region of Emilia-Romagna. The capital city, which is the most densely populated comune in the provin ...
in the
Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance language *** Regional Ita ...
region
Emilia-Romagna egl, Emigliàn (man) egl, Emiglièna (woman) rgn, Rumagnòl (man) rgn, Rumagnòla (woman) it, Emiliano (man) it, Emiliana (woman) or it, Romagnolo (man) it, Romagnola (woman) , population_note = , population_blank1_title ...
, located about northwest of
Bologna Bologna (, , ; egl, label= Emilian, Bulåggna ; lat, Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in Northern Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy with about 400,000 inhabitants and 150 different nat ...
and about northeast of
Reggio Emilia Reggio nell'Emilia ( egl, Rèz; la, Regium Lepidi), usually referred to as Reggio Emilia, or simply Reggio by its inhabitants, and known until 1861 as Reggio di Lombardia, is a city in northern Italy, in the Emilia-Romagna region. It has abou ...
. The name derives from the canal (''Rio''), which divided the territory with that of Carpi, and the marsh willows that grow in the area (''Saliceto''). Along with the neighbouring municipalities of
Campagnola Emilia Campagnola Emilia ( Reggiano: ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Emilia in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about northwest of Bologna and about northeast of Reggio Emilia. Campagnola Emilia borders the follow ...
,
Carpi Carpi may refer to: Places * Carpi, Emilia-Romagna, a large town in the province of Modena, central Italy * Carpi (Africa), a city and former diocese of Roman Africa, now a Latin Catholic titular bishopric People * Carpi (people), an ancie ...
,
Correggio Antonio Allegri da Correggio (August 1489 – 5 March 1534), usually known as just Correggio (, also , , ), was the foremost painter of the Parma school of the High Italian Renaissance, who was responsible for some of the most vigorous and sens ...
,
Fabbrico Fabbrico ( Reggiano: or ; locally ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Emilia in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about northwest of Bologna and about northeast of Reggio Emilia. Fabbrico borders the following mu ...
and
Rolo Rolo (pronounced /ˈrəʊləʊ/), referring to the roll-styled chocolates, is a brand of truncation (geometry), truncated cone-shaped or conical frustum-shaped chocolates with a caramel inside. First manufactured in Norwich, Norfolk in the United ...
, it is a member of the ''Pianura Reggiana'' Union of Municipalities.


Physical Geography

Rio Saliceto is located in the
Po Valley The Po Valley, Po Plain, Plain of the Po, or Padan Plain ( it, Pianura Padana , or ''Val Padana'') is a major geographical feature of Northern Italy. It extends approximately in an east-west direction, with an area of including its Venetic ex ...
, near the boundary of the province of
Modena Modena (, , ; egl, label=Emilian language#Dialects, Modenese, Mòdna ; ett, Mutna; la, Mutina) is a city and ''comune'' (municipality) on the south side of the Po Valley, in the Province of Modena in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern I ...
, 23 kilometres from
Reggio Emilia Reggio nell'Emilia ( egl, Rèz; la, Regium Lepidi), usually referred to as Reggio Emilia, or simply Reggio by its inhabitants, and known until 1861 as Reggio di Lombardia, is a city in northern Italy, in the Emilia-Romagna region. It has abou ...
. The municipal territory, besides the capital, is formed by the districts of Ca’ de Frati, Osteriola, Ponte Vettigano and San Ludovico, which cover an overall area of 22.56 square kilometres. The municipality of Rio Saliceto borders Fabbrico to the north, Carpi to the east, Correggio to the south and Campagnola Emilia to the west. The municipal territory, which is entirely flat, is furrowed by a dense network of reclamation and irrigation channels, the main ones being the ''Naviglio'' to the west and the ''Tresinaro'' (to the east). In Ca’ de Frati, there is a nature oasis within the Tresinaro expansion pools, managed by the Reclamation Consortium of Central Emilia.


History

As far back as 772 AD, the territory of the current municipality was mentioned in a document of the Lombard king Desiderio. Later it became part of Marquis Bonifazio's estate (father of the Great Countess), who transferred ownership to the Church. Then in the 13th century, it became part of the Da Correggio family estate, who hosted the Zecca del Principato at Villa Capri (what is now Via Naviglio Sud). The territory suffered the same fate as the town of Correggio, when in 1635, the principality was passed on to the
Este family The House of Este ( , , ) is a European dynasty of North Italian origin whose members ruled parts of Italy and Germany for many centuries. The original House of Este's elder branch, which is known as the House of Welf, included dukes of Bavaria ...
. With the end of the Este domination along with the reconstruction of the municipality, promoted by the governor
Luigi Carlo Farini Luigi Carlo Farini (22 October 1812 – 1 August 1866) was an Italian physician, statesman and historian. Biography Farini was born at Russi, in what is now the province of Ravenna. After completing a brilliant university course at Bologna ...
, Rio, which until that moment had been a ''Villa'' of the municipality of Correggio, became a municipality with a government decree dated 4 December 1859, with effect from 1 January 1860. The promoters of this autonomy were Cavalier Luigi Nicolini, the first mayor Don Giovanni Battista Branchetti, the lawyer Luigi Carbonieri, and the Minister of the Interior Farini, as well as the Este landowners Luigi Brunetti, Sante Santachiara, Tomaso Terrachii, Fortunato Galantini and Frumenzio Bernini. The faces of these founders were depicted on terracotta tiles by Giacinto Terrachini and placed on the pediment of the town hall. In 1864, after the
Italian unification The unification of Italy ( it, Unità d'Italia ), also known as the ''Risorgimento'' (, ; ), was the 19th-century political and social movement that resulted in the consolidation of different states of the Italian Peninsula into a single ...
process, the municipality took on the current name of Rio Saliceto, in order to distinguish it from other national territories with the word "Rio" in their names. In 1889, the new neoclassical building of the town hall was inaugurated, and still stands. The liberty-style construction of the elementary school dates back to that period, later demolished in 1926 at the height of the Fascist regime, and then replaced with a building in the architectural style of the time. Fighting unemployment and giving a better living and working conditions was the aim that helped the rise of the first cooperatives around the turn of the 20th century: ''Società Operaia di Mutuo Soccorso'' in 1881, ''L'Enologica'' in 1901, ''Birocciai'' and that of ''Miglioramento tra i lavoratori della terra'' in 1904. The
First World War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
led to 80 deaths on the battlefield because of injuries or illnesses contracted on the front. The contribution provided by the citizens of Rio Saliceto during the
Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
and the Resistance was also substantial: 29 fallen in battle and missing in the war, 7 died in Nazi extermination camps where they were deported, and 21 partisans died for freedom. A monument composed of a bas-relief and a commemorative plaque with an inscription: ''"RIO SALICETO - who drove out the Nazi-Fascist monster - from these lands from these houses - from this bread from this blood - SWEAR - to the seven sons annihilated in the camps - to the twenty-one fallen fighting - for the certainty of the splendid April - to fight together as yesterday as always - for the monster never to come back,"'' was placed on the facade of the town hall to celebrate the Resistance on 25 April 1972, the 30th anniversary of the Liberation.


References

{{authority control Cities and towns in Emilia-Romagna