Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford (–1217),
feudal baron
A feudal baron is a vassal holding a heritable fief called a ''barony'', comprising a specific portion of land, granted by an overlord in return for allegiance and service. Following the end of European feudalism, feudal baronies have largely been ...
of
Clare Clare may refer to:
Places Antarctica
* Clare Range, a mountain range in Victoria Land
Australia
* Clare, South Australia, a town in the Clare Valley
* Clare Valley, South Australia
Canada
* Clare (electoral district), an electoral district
* Cl ...
in Suffolk, and lord of Tonbridge in Kent and of Cardigan in Wales, was a powerful Anglo-Norman nobleman with vast landholdings in England and Wales.
Career
Richard was the son and heir of
Roger de Clare, 2nd Earl of Hertford
Roger de Clare, 2nd Earl of Hertford, 5th Lord of Clare, 5th Lord of Tonbridge, 5th Lord of Cardigan (1116–1173) was a powerful Anglo-Norman noble in 12th-century England. He succeeded to the Earldom of Hertford and Honor of Clare, Tonbridge an ...
, 5th feudal baron of Clare, by his wife Maud de St Hillary, a daughter of James de St Hillary. More commonly known as the Earl of Clare, he had the majority of the Giffard estates from his ancestor,
Rohese.
[I. J. Sanders, ''English Baronies: A Study of Their Origin and Descent 1086–1327)'' (Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1963), pp. 34, 62] He was present at the coronations of
King Richard I at
Westminster, 3 September 1189, and
King John King John may refer to:
Rulers
* John, King of England (1166–1216)
* John I of Jerusalem (c. 1170–1237)
* John Balliol, King of Scotland (c. 1249–1314)
* John I of France (15–20 November 1316)
* John II of France (1319–1364)
* John I o ...
on 27 May 1199. He was also present at the homage of
King William of Scotland as English Earl of Huntingdon at Lincoln.
Magna Carta
He sided with the Barons against
King John King John may refer to:
Rulers
* John, King of England (1166–1216)
* John I of Jerusalem (c. 1170–1237)
* John Balliol, King of Scotland (c. 1249–1314)
* John I of France (15–20 November 1316)
* John II of France (1319–1364)
* John I o ...
, even though he had previously sworn peace with the King at
Northampton
Northampton () is a market town and civil parish in the East Midlands of England, on the River Nene, north-west of London and south-east of Birmingham. The county town of Northamptonshire, Northampton is one of the largest towns in England; ...
, and his castle of
Tonbridge was taken. He played a leading part in the negotiations for
Magna Carta
(Medieval Latin for "Great Charter of Freedoms"), commonly called (also ''Magna Charta''; "Great Charter"), is a royal charter of rights agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215. First drafted by the ...
, being one of the twenty five sureties. On 9 November 1215, he was one of the commissioners on the part of the Barons to negotiate the peace with the King. In 1215, his lands in counties
Cambridge,
Norfolk,
Suffolk
Suffolk () is a ceremonial county of England in East Anglia. It borders Norfolk to the north, Cambridgeshire to the west and Essex to the south; the North Sea lies to the east. The county town is Ipswich; other important towns include Lowes ...
and
Essex were granted to
Robert de Betun
Robert de Bethune (died 1148) was a medieval bishop of Hereford. From a knightly family, he became a teacher before becoming a canon by 1115. He was elected prior of Llanthony Priory in the middle 1120s, and was named bishop by King Henry I o ...
. He and his son were among the Barons excommunicated by the
Pope in 1215.
His coat of arms was: ''Or, three chevronels gules'', adopted at the start of the age of heraldry c.1200-1215, and certainly borne by his son the Earl of Gloucester.
Marriage and issue
In about 1172 he married Amice Fitzwilliam, 4th Countess of Gloucester (c. 1160–1220), the second daughter and co-heiress of
William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester by his wife and Hawise de Beaumont. At some time before 1198, Earl Richard and his wife Amice were ordered to separate by the Pope on the grounds of
consanguinity, but later apparently reconciled their marriage with the Pope's agreement. By his wife he has issue as follows:
*
Gilbert de Clare (ca. 1180 – 25 October 1230), 4th
Earl of Hertford and 5th
Earl of Gloucester, (or 1st Earl of Gloucester of new creation). Married in 1217
Isabel Marshal.
* Maud de Clare (ca. 1184–1213), married in 1206, Sir William de Braose, son of
William de Braose and
Maud de St. Valery.
* Richard de Clare (ca. 1184 – 4 Mar 1228, London)
* Mathilde, married
Rhys Gryg
Rhys Gryg ('Rhys the Hoarse') (died 1234), real name Rhys ap Rhys, also known as Rhys Fychan ('Rhys the Younger') was a Welsh prince who ruled part of the Kingdom of Deheubarth.
Lineage
Rhys was the fourth son of Rhys ap Gruffydd (The Lord Rhy ...
son of
Rhys ap Gruffydd, ruler of the kingdom of
Deheubarth.
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Clare, Richard De 3rd Earl Of Hertford
Hertford, Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of
Hertford, Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of
Hertford, Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of
Richard
Richard is a male given name. It originates, via Old French, from Frankish language, Old Frankish and is a Compound (linguistics), compound of the words descending from Proto-Germanic language, Proto-Germanic ''*rīk-'' 'ruler, leader, king' an ...
12th-century English people
13th-century English people
Earls of Hertford
Burials at Tonbridge Priory, Kent