Richard Upjohn
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Richard Upjohn (22 January 1802 – 16 August 1878) was a British-born
American American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, pe ...
architect who emigrated to the United States and became most famous for his
Gothic Revival Gothic Revival (also referred to as Victorian Gothic, neo-Gothic, or Gothick) is an architectural movement that began in the late 1740s in England. The movement gained momentum and expanded in the first half of the 19th century, as increasingly ...
churches. He was partially responsible for launching the movement to such popularity in the United States. Upjohn also did extensive work in and helped to popularize the Italianate style. He was a founder and the first president of the
American Institute of Architects The American Institute of Architects (AIA) is a professional organization for architects in the United States. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., the AIA offers education, government advocacy, community redevelopment, and public outreach to s ...
. His son, Richard Michell Upjohn, (1828-1903), was also a well-known architect and served as a partner in his continued architectural firm in New York.Doumato, Lamia. Richard Upjohn, Richard Michell Upjohn, and the Gothic Revival in America. Monticello, Ill: Vance Bibliographies, 1984. Upjohn, Everard M. Richard Upjohn, Architect and Churchman. New York: Columbia University Press, 1939.


Life and career

Richard Upjohn was born in Shaftesbury,
England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe ...
, where he was apprenticed to a builder and cabinet-maker. He eventually became a master-mechanic. He and his family emigrated to the United States in 1829. They initially settled in
New Bedford, Massachusetts New Bedford (Massachusett: ) is a city in Bristol County, Massachusetts. It is located on the Acushnet River in what is known as the South Coast region. Up through the 17th century, the area was the territory of the Wampanoag Native American p ...
and then moved on to
Boston Boston (), officially the City of Boston, is the state capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the United States. It is the 24th- mo ...
in 1833, where he worked in architectural design. He became a
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in 1836. His first major project was for the entrances to the Boston Common, the town's central park and his first church would be St. John's Episcopal Church in Bangor, Maine. He had relocated to
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by 1839 where he worked on alterations to the famed Trinity Church on Wall Street in lower
Manhattan Manhattan (), known regionally as the City, is the most densely populated and geographically smallest of the five boroughs of New York City. The borough is also coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state ...
. The alterations were later abandoned and he was commissioned to design a new church, completed in 1846, and still extant today. He published his extremely influential book, ''"Upjohn's rural architecture: Designs, working drawings and specifications for a wooden church, and other rural structures"'', in 1852. The designs in this publication were widely used across the country by builders, with many examples remaining. Upjohn, along with 13 other architects, co-founded the
American Institute of Architects The American Institute of Architects (AIA) is a professional organization for architects in the United States. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., the AIA offers education, government advocacy, community redevelopment, and public outreach to s ...
on February 23, 1857. He served as president of that organization from 1857 to 1876, being succeeded by
Thomas Ustick Walter Thomas Ustick Walter (September 4, 1804 – October 30, 1887) was an American architect of German descent, the dean of American architecture between the 1820 death of Benjamin Latrobe and the emergence of H.H. Richardson in the 1870s. He was ...
, fourth Architect of the Capitol. He went on the design many buildings in a variety of styles. He died at his home in Garrison, New York in 1878. Architectural drawings and papers by Upjohn and other family members are held by the Drawings and Archives Department of the
Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library The Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library is a library located in Avery Hall on the Morningside Heights campus of Columbia University in the New York City. It is the largest architecture library in the world. Serving Columbia's Graduate Scho ...
at
Columbia University Columbia University (also known as Columbia, and officially as Columbia University in the City of New York) is a private research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Church in Manhatt ...
, in
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, also by the New York Public Library's Humanities and Social Sciences Library, in the Manuscripts and Archives division, and by the
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, Prints & Photographs Division on
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in Washington, D.C. He died on 16 August 1878 in
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of
cerebral softening Cerebral softening, also known as encephalomalacia, is a localized softening of the substance of the brain, due to bleeding or inflammation. Three varieties, distinguished by their color and representing different stages of the disease progress, a ...
.


Projects

Some of Upjohn's notable projects include: * William Rotch, Jr. House in
New Bedford, Massachusetts New Bedford (Massachusett: ) is a city in Bristol County, Massachusetts. It is located on the Acushnet River in what is known as the South Coast region. Up through the 17th century, the area was the territory of the Wampanoag Native American p ...
, (1834) *
Abiel Smith School Abiel Smith School, founded in 1835, is a school located at 46 Joy Street in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, adjacent to the African Meeting House. It is named for Abiel Smith, a white philanthropist who left money (an estimated $4,000) in ...
in Boston, Massachusetts, (1835) *St. John's Episcopal Church in Bangor, Maine, (1835–36, burned 1911) * Trinity Church in
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, (1839–46) * Kingscote in
Newport, Rhode Island Newport is an American seaside city on Aquidneck Island in Newport County, Rhode Island. It is located in Narragansett Bay, approximately southeast of Providence, south of Fall River, Massachusetts, south of Boston, and northeast of New Yor ...
, (1839) * The Church of the Ascension in
New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
, (1840–41) * Christ Church in Cobble Hill,
Brooklyn, New York Brooklyn () is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Kings County, in the U.S. state of New York. Kings County is the most populous county in the State of New York, and the second-most densely populated county in the United States, be ...
, (1841–42) * Bethesda Episcopal Church in
Saratoga Springs, New York Saratoga Springs is a city in Saratoga County, New York, United States. The population was 28,491 at the 2020 census. The name reflects the presence of mineral springs in the area, which has made Saratoga a popular resort destination for over ...
, (1842) * St. Thomas Episcopal Church in
Newark, Delaware Newark ( )Not as in Newark, New Jersey. is a small city in New Castle County, Delaware, United States. It is located west-southwest of Wilmington. According to the 2010 Census, the population of the city is 31,454. Newark is home to the Un ...
, (ca. 1843) *
Edward King House The Edward King House, is a monumentally scaled residence at 35 King street in Newport, Rhode Island. It was designed for Edward King in the "Italian Villa" style by Richard Upjohn and was built between 1845 and 1847, making it one of the earl ...
in
Newport, Rhode Island Newport is an American seaside city on Aquidneck Island in Newport County, Rhode Island. It is located in Narragansett Bay, approximately southeast of Providence, south of Fall River, Massachusetts, south of Boston, and northeast of New Yor ...
, (1845–47) *
Grace Church Grace Church may refer to: Canada * Grace Church on-the-Hill, Toronto China * Grace Church, Guanghan Poland * Grace Church, Teschen or Jesus Church, a Lutheran basilica in Teschen, Poland United Kingdom United States * Grace Cathedral (dis ...
in
Providence, Rhode Island Providence is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Rhode Island. One of the oldest cities in New England, it was founded in 1636 by Roger Williams, a Reformed Baptist theologian and religious exile from the Massachusetts ...
, (1845; with Cram, Goodhue & Ferguson) * Church of the Holy Cross in Middletown, Rhode Island, (1845) * Christ Church in Canaan, Connecticut, (1845–46) * St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Brunswick, Maine, (1845) * First Parish Church in Brunswick, Maine, (1845–46) *Church of the Pilgrims (now Our Lady of Lebanon Maronite Cathedral) in Brooklyn Heights,
Brooklyn, New York Brooklyn () is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Kings County, in the U.S. state of New York. Kings County is the most populous county in the State of New York, and the second-most densely populated county in the United States, be ...
, (1846) * St. Mary's Episcopal Church in Burlington, New Jersey, (1846–54) * Christ Episcopal Church in
Raleigh, North Carolina Raleigh (; ) is the capital city of the state of North Carolina and the seat of Wake County in the United States. It is the second-most populous city in North Carolina, after Charlotte. Raleigh is the tenth-most populous city in the Sout ...
, (1846–48) * St. Mary's Episcopal Church in Portsmouth, Rhode Island, (1847) *St. Saviours Episcopal Church, in Maspeth,
Queens Queens is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Queens County, in the U.S. state of New York. Located on Long Island, it is the largest New York City borough by area. It is bordered by the borough of Brooklyn at the western tip of Long ...
, New York (1847) *St. James Episcopal Church, in New London, Connecticut (1847) *
Grace Church Grace Church may refer to: Canada * Grace Church on-the-Hill, Toronto China * Grace Church, Guanghan Poland * Grace Church, Teschen or Jesus Church, a Lutheran basilica in Teschen, Poland United Kingdom United States * Grace Cathedral (dis ...
in
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, (1847–48) *70–72 Mount Vernon Street in Boston, Massachusetts, (1847–1848) * Grace Episcopal Church in
Brooklyn, New York Brooklyn () is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Kings County, in the U.S. state of New York. Kings County is the most populous county in the State of New York, and the second-most densely populated county in the United States, be ...
, (1847–49) * All Saints' Episcopal Church in Briarcliff Manor, New York, (1848–54) * Calvary Episcopal Church in
Stonington, Connecticut The town of Stonington is located in New London County, Connecticut in the state's southeastern corner. It includes the borough of Stonington, the villages of Pawcatuck, Lords Point, and Wequetequock, and the eastern halves of the villages of ...
, (consecrated 1849) *
Lindenwald Martin Van Buren National Historic Site is a unit of the United States National Park Service in Columbia County, New York, south of the village of Kinderhook, north of New York City and south of Albany. The National Historic Site preserv ...
in Kinderhook, New York, (1849) *
James and Mary Forsyth House The James and Mary Forsyth House is located on Albany Avenue near uptown Kingston, New York, United States. It is a brick Italian villa-style house designed by Richard Upjohn in the mid-19th century. When it was finished it was celebrated local ...
in
Kingston, New York Kingston is a city in and the county seat of Ulster County, New York, United States. It is north of New York City and south of Albany. The city's metropolitan area is grouped with the New York metropolitan area around Manhattan by the Unite ...
, (1849–50) * St. Thomas Episcopal Church in Amenia Union, New York, (1849–51) *
St. Paul's Cathedral St Paul's Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral in London and is the seat of the Bishop of London. The cathedral serves as the mother church of the Diocese of London. It is on Ludgate Hill at the highest point of the City of London and is a Gra ...
in
Buffalo, New York Buffalo is the second-largest city in the U.S. state of New York (behind only New York City) and the seat of Erie County. It is at the eastern end of Lake Erie, at the head of the Niagara River, and is across the Canadian border from Sou ...
, (1849–51) * Zion Episcopal Church in
Rome, New York Rome is a city in Oneida County, New York, United States, located in the central part of the state. The population was 32,127 at the 2020 census. Rome is one of two principal cities in the Utica–Rome Metropolitan Statistical Area, which l ...
, (1850–1851) * Church of St. John in the Wilderness in Copake Falls, New York, (1852) *Bristol Academy in
Taunton, Massachusetts Taunton is a city in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States. It is the seat of Bristol County. Taunton is situated on the Taunton River which winds its way through the city on its way to Mount Hope Bay, to the south. At the 2020 cen ...
, (1852) * The Grove in Cold Spring, New York, (1852–53) * St. John Chrysostom Church in
Delafield, Wisconsin Delafield is a city in Waukesha County, Wisconsin, along the Bark River. The population was 7,085 at the 2010 census. The city of Delafield is a separate municipality from the Town of Delafield, both of which are situated in township 7 Nort ...
, (1851–56) * Dorchester County Courthouse and Jail in Cambridge, Maryland, (1853) * Madison Square Presbyterian Church in
New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
, (1854) * Christ Church (Episcopal) in
Binghamton, New York Binghamton () is a city in the U.S. state of New York, and serves as the county seat of Broome County. Surrounded by rolling hills, it lies in the state's Southern Tier region near the Pennsylvania border, in a bowl-shaped valley at the conflu ...
, (1853–1855) * Old St. Paul's Episcopal Church in
Baltimore, Maryland Baltimore ( , locally: or ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland, fourth most populous city in the Mid-Atlantic, and the 30th most populous city in the United States with a population of 585,708 in 2020. Baltimore wa ...
, (1854) * All Saints Episcopal Church in
Frederick, Maryland Frederick is a city in and the county seat of Frederick County, Maryland. It is part of the Baltimore–Washington Metropolitan Area. Frederick has long been an important crossroads, located at the intersection of a major north–south Native ...
, (1855) * St. Mary's Episcopal Chapel in
Raleigh, North Carolina Raleigh (; ) is the capital city of the state of North Carolina and the seat of Wake County in the United States. It is the second-most populous city in North Carolina, after Charlotte. Raleigh is the tenth-most populous city in the Sout ...
, (1855) * St. James Episcopal Church in
Muncy, Pennsylvania Muncy is a borough in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, United States. The name Muncy comes from the Munsee Indians who once lived in the area. The population was 2,442 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Williamsport, Pennsylvania Metropolit ...
, (1856) * Christ Episcopal Church in Marlboro, New York, (1858) * St. Mark's Episcopal Church in
San Antonio, Texas ("Cradle of Freedom") , image_map = , mapsize = 220px , map_caption = Interactive map of San Antonio , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = United States , subdivision_type1= State , subdivision_name1 = Texas , subdivision_ ...
, (1858) * Trinity Chapel in Far Rockaway,
Queens, New York Queens is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Queens County, in the U.S. state of New York. Located on Long Island, it is the largest New York City borough by area. It is bordered by the borough of Brooklyn at the western tip of Long ...
, (1858) *
Kenworthy Hall Kenworthy Hall, also known as the Carlisle-Martin House, Carlisle Hall and Edward Kenworthy Carlisle House, is a plantation house located on the north side of Alabama Highway 14, two miles west of the Marion courthouse square. It was built from ...
in Marion, Alabama, (1858–60) * St. Peter's Episcopal Church in
Albany, New York Albany ( ) is the capital of the U.S. state of New York, also the seat and largest city of Albany County. Albany is on the west bank of the Hudson River, about south of its confluence with the Mohawk River, and about north of New York Cit ...
, (1859) * Church of the Holy Comforter in
Poughkeepsie, New York Poughkeepsie ( ), officially the City of Poughkeepsie, separate from the Town of Poughkeepsie around it) is a city in the U.S. state of New York. It is the county seat of Dutchess County, with a 2020 census population of 31,577. Poughkeeps ...
, (1860) * Trinity Episcopal Church in Woodbridge, New Jersey, (1860) *
St. Philip's Church in the Highlands St. Philip's Church in the Highlands is an Episcopal church located on New York State Route 9D in the hamlet of Garrison, New York, United States. It is a stone Gothic Revival building designed by Richard Upjohn, a congregant of the church, ope ...
in Garrison, New York, (1860–61) * St. Stephen's Episcopal Church in
Providence, Rhode Island Providence is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Rhode Island. One of the oldest cities in New England, it was founded in 1636 by Roger Williams, a Reformed Baptist theologian and religious exile from the Massachusetts ...
, (1860–62) * Memorial Church of St. Luke The Beloved Physician in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Since ...
, (1861) * Trinity-St. Paul's Episcopal Church in
New Rochelle, New York New Rochelle (; older french: La Nouvelle-Rochelle) is a city in Westchester County, New York, United States, in the southeastern portion of the state. In 2020, the city had a population of 79,726, making it the seventh-largest in the state o ...
, (1862) * St. John's Chapel at Hobart College in Geneva, New York, (1863) * All Saint's Memorial Church in Navesink, New Jersey, (1863–64) * Immanuel Episcopal Church in
Bellows Falls, Vermont Bellows Falls is an incorporated village located in the town of Rockingham in Windham County, Vermont, United States. The population was 2,747 at the 2020 census. Bellows Falls is home to the Green Mountain Railroad, a heritage railroad; th ...
, (1863–67) * St. Peter's Episcopal Church in Geneva, New York, (1868) * Church of the Covenant in Boston, Massachusetts, (1865–1867) * St. Luke's Episcopal Church in Scranton, Pennsylvania, (1867) * St. Mark's Episcopal Church in Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania, (1867) * Christ Church Episcopal in Fitchburg, Massachusetts, (1867) * St. Thomas Episcopal Church in
New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
, (1870, burned 1905) * St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Selma, Alabama, (1871–75) *Cast-iron railing fence design in Boston Common, Boston, Massachusetts *North Gate Screen (1860s) and the Pierrepont family tomb (c. 1860) in Green-Wood Cemetery,
Brooklyn, New York Brooklyn () is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Kings County, in the U.S. state of New York. Kings County is the most populous county in the State of New York, and the second-most densely populated county in the United States, be ...
* Edwin A. Stevens Hall in
Hoboken, New Jersey Hoboken ( ; Unami: ') is a city in Hudson County in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the city's population was 60,417. The Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program calculated that the city's population was 58,690 ...
, (1870) * St. Mark's Cathedral in
Salt Lake City, Utah Salt Lake City (often shortened to Salt Lake and abbreviated as SLC) is the capital and most populous city of Utah, United States. It is the seat of Salt Lake County, the most populous county in Utah. With a population of 200,133 in 2020, t ...
, (1870) * Trinity Church in
Princeton, New Jersey Princeton is a municipality with a borough form of government in Mercer County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It was established on January 1, 2013, through the consolidation of the Borough of Princeton and Princeton Township, both of w ...
, (1870) *Rye Presbyterian Church in Rye, New York, (1870) * Grace Church/St. Agnes-by-the-Lake in Algoma, Wisconsin, (1879, burned 1884, replica constructed 1891) * Trinity Episcopal Church in Litchfield, Minnesota, (1871), attributed *
Connecticut State Capitol The Connecticut State Capitol is located north of Capitol Avenue and south of Bushnell Park in Hartford, the capital of Connecticut. The building houses the Connecticut General Assembly; the upper house, the State Senate, and lower house, the ...
building in
Hartford, Connecticut Hartford is the capital city of the U.S. state of Connecticut. It was the seat of Hartford County until Connecticut disbanded county government in 1960. It is the core city in the Greater Hartford metropolitan area. Census estimates since t ...
, (1871–1878) * Trinity Episcopal Church in
Iowa City, Iowa Iowa City, offically the City of Iowa City is a city in Johnson County, Iowa, United States. It is the home of the University of Iowa and county seat of Johnson County, at the center of the Iowa City Metropolitan Statistical Area. At the tim ...
, (1871), attributed * Church of the Good Shepherd in Blue Earth, Minnesota, (1871–72), attributed * Magnolia Manor (Easton, MD)


Gallery

File:William Rotch House, New Bedford, MA.jpg, William Rotch Jr. House, New Bedford, MA, (1834) File:Trinity Church - Wall Street, New York, NY, USA - August 19, 2015 - panoramio.jpg, Trinity Church,
New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
, (1839–46) File:Kingscote 2018-06-14.jpg, Kingscote, Newport, RI, (1839) File:Bowdoin College Chapel - Bowdoin College - IMG 7793.JPG, Bowdoin College Chapel, Brunswick, ME, (1844-1855) File:Church of the Holy Cross Middletown Rhode Island.jpg, Church of the Holy Cross,
Middletown, RI Middletown is a town in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 17,075 at the 2020 census. It lies to the south of Portsmouth and to the north of Newport on Aquidneck Island, hence the name "Middletown". History Vari ...
, (1844) File:Grace Episcopal Church Providence 2017.jpg,
Grace Church Grace Church may refer to: Canada * Grace Church on-the-Hill, Toronto China * Grace Church, Guanghan Poland * Grace Church, Teschen or Jesus Church, a Lutheran basilica in Teschen, Poland United Kingdom United States * Grace Cathedral (dis ...
, Providence, RI, (1845) File:Edward King House, Newport, RI.jpg,
Edward King House The Edward King House, is a monumentally scaled residence at 35 King street in Newport, Rhode Island. It was designed for Edward King in the "Italian Villa" style by Richard Upjohn and was built between 1845 and 1847, making it one of the earl ...
, Newport, RI, (1845-47) File:St. Paul's Church Baltimore.jpg, Old St. Paul's Church,
Baltimore Baltimore ( , locally: or ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland, fourth most populous city in the Mid-Atlantic, and the 30th most populous city in the United States with a population of 585,708 in 2020. Baltimore was ...
, (1854) File:Kenworthy Hall.jpg,
Kenworthy Hall Kenworthy Hall, also known as the Carlisle-Martin House, Carlisle Hall and Edward Kenworthy Carlisle House, is a plantation house located on the north side of Alabama Highway 14, two miles west of the Marion courthouse square. It was built from ...
, Perry County, AL, (1858–60) File:St Peters Church 2011.jpg, St. Peter's Episcopal Church, Albany, NY, (1859–60) File:Green-Wood Cemetery gate (53784p).jpg, Screen, Green-Wood Cemetery (1860s) File:Beautiful facade of All Saints, Navesink.jpg, All Saint's Memorial Church, Navesink, NJ, (1863–64) File:WTB Church of the Covenant 2.jpg, Church of the Covenant,
Boston Boston (), officially the City of Boston, is the state capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the United States. It is the 24th- mo ...
, (1865–67)Susan and Michael Southworth, ''AIA Guide to Boston'', Third Edition, ( Guildford, Connecticut: Global Professional Publishing, 2008), p.199. File:Trinity Episcopal Church, Princeton.jpg, Trinity Church, Princeton NJ, (1870, altered) File:Trinity Episcopal Church (Litchfield, MN).jpg, Trinity Episcopal Church, Litchfield, MN, (1871, attributed) File:Connecticut State Capitol, February 24, 2008.jpg,
Connecticut State Capitol The Connecticut State Capitol is located north of Capitol Avenue and south of Bushnell Park in Hartford, the capital of Connecticut. The building houses the Connecticut General Assembly; the upper house, the State Senate, and lower house, the ...
, Hartford, CT, (1871–78)


References

Notes


External links


Columbia University Libraries: The Upjohn collection of architectural drawings by Richard, Richard Michell, and Hobart Upjohn :Architectural drawings, papers, and records, (circa 1827-1910) held by the Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library, Columbia UniversityRichard Upjohn's Trinity Church construction records and drawings at Trinity Wall Street Archives
{{DEFAULTSORT:Upjohn, Richard 1802 births 1878 deaths Architects from New York City Defunct architecture firms based in New York City American ecclesiastical architects British emigrants to the United States Fellows of the American Institute of Architects People from Shaftesbury Architects of cathedrals English ecclesiastical architects Architects of Anglican churches Founder of American Institute of Architects Presidents of the American Institute of Architects 19th-century American architects