Richard Lindenberg

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Richard Lindenberg (1911-1992) was a physician and pathologist, a

Luftwaffe The ''Luftwaffe'' () was the aerial-warfare branch of the German ''Wehrmacht'' before and during World War II. Germany's military air arms during World War I, the ''Luftstreitkräfte'' of the Imperial Army and the '' Marine-Fliegerabtei ...

Captain during World War II, later Chief Neuropathologist of the State of Maryland. He testified before the

Rockefeller Commission #REDIRECT United States President's Commission on CIA Activities within the United States #REDIRECT United States President's Commission on CIA Activities within the United States {{R from move ...

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on the death of President

John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK and the nickname Jack, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination ...

Early years

Lindenberg received his medical education at the universities of Bonn, Munich, and Berlin, where his M.D. was awarded in 1934. He served his internship and residency, 1934-1939, at the university hospitals of Hamburg and Munich and at the Kaiser-Wilhelm Institute for Brain Research in Berlin as '' Oberarzt'' (senior resident or attending physician) under

Nazi Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in ...

physician A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...

Hugo Spatz Hugo Spatz (2 September 1888 – 27 January 1969) was a German neuropathologist. In 1937, he was appointed director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Brain Research. He was a member of the Nazi Party, and admitted to knowingly performing much ...

. From 1939 until 1945, he was Air District Pathologist of the Luftwaffe, with the rank of captain in the medical corps, also under Hugo Spatz. He was senior resident in neuropsychiatry and director of the neuropathologic laboratory, Neuropsychiatric Hospital, at the University of Frankfurt-am-Main, 1945-1947.

Immigration

In 1947 Lindenberg became an

Operation Paperclip Operation Paperclip was a secret United States intelligence program in which more than 1,600 German scientists, engineers, and technicians were taken from the former Nazi Germany to the U.S. for government employment after the end of World War ...

scientist, a term applied to German (Nazi) scientists who came to the United States after World War II under a contract with the War Department. (The space flight scientist,

Wernher von Braun Wernher Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun ( , ; 23 March 191216 June 1977) was a German and American aerospace engineer and space architect. He was a member of the Nazi Party and Allgemeine SS, as well as the leading figure in the develop ...

, was another Paperclip scientist.) Lindenberg arrived in the U.S. with Hubertus Strughold, former head of the

Institute for Aviation Medicine in Berlin. They proceeded to

Randolph Field Randolph Air Force Base was an United States Air Force base located at Universal City, Texas ( east-northeast of Downtown San Antonio). Opened in 1931, Randolph has been a flying training facility for the United States Army Air Corps, the Un ...

, Texas, where they did research from 1947 until 1950. Lindenberg's family remained in Germany, supported by the U.S. government, as agreed upon in the Paperclip contract. When the contract expired, Lindenberg went to Mexico briefly in order to re-enter the U.S. as a "landed" immigrant, which he could not do under the contract.

Neuropathologist in Maryland

Lindenberg returned to the U.S. as research neuropathologist at the Army Chemical Center in Edgewood, Maryland. In 1951 he became Director of Neuropathology and Legal Medicine in the Maryland State Department of Health and Mental Hygiene in Baltimore and consultant to Dr. Russell S. Fisher, the chief medical examiner of the State of Maryland. Lindenberg was certified in neuropathology in 1956 by the American Board of Pathology. His academic posts included Clinical Professor of Pathology at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Lecturer in Forensic Pathology at Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health and Hygiene, Lecturer in Neuro-ophthalmology at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Lecturer in Applied Neuroanatomy at the University of Maryland, College of Dental Surgery. He published more than sixty scientific articles, six textbook chapters, and a book in collaboration with Dr. Frank B. Walsh, neuro-ophthalmologist at the Wilmer Eye Institute of Johns Hopkins University.

Rockefeller Commission testimony

Lindenberg confirmed the official Warren Commission Report of President Kennedy’s death, that a single bullet had struck Kennedy and Governor John Connally.Report of Richard Lindenberg, MD to the Rockefeller Commission, signed May 9, 1975. Gerald R. Ford Library

Family

Lindenberg was married to Ella Wilhelmine Freytag (1913-1999), his assistant and collaborator, born in Hamburg, Germany.

Later years

Lindenberg retired in April 1976 and died in Baltimore on February 1, 1992.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lindenberg, Richard 1911 births 1992 deaths German pathologists People from the Province of Westphalia Luftwaffe personnel of World War II German military doctors German emigrants to the United States United States Air Force civilians≤ United States Army civilians Operation Paperclip Researchers of the assassination of John F. Kennedy American pathologists