Resveratrol trans-dehydrodimer
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δ-Viniferin is a resveratrol dehydro
dimer Dimer may refer to: * Dimer (chemistry), a chemical structure formed from two similar sub-units ** Protein dimer, a protein quaternary structure ** d-dimer * Dimer model, an item in statistical mechanics, based on ''domino tiling'' * Julius Dimer ( ...
. It is an isomer of epsilon-viniferin. It can be isolated from stressed grapevine ('' Vitis vinifera'') leaves. It is also found in plant cell cultures and wine. It can also be found in ''
Rheum maximowiczii ''Rheum maximowiczii'' is a large herbaceous perennial plant species in the genus ''Rheum (plant), Rheum'' (rhubarbs) from the mountains of Central Asia where it grows in Kazakhstan, eastern Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and northeastern Afg ...
''. It is a grapevine phytoalexin following stresses like
fungal infection Fungal infection, also known as mycosis, is disease caused by fungi. Different types are traditionally divided according to the part of the body affected; superficial, subcutaneous, and systemic. Superficial fungal infections include common ti ...
(by '' Plasmopara viticola'', the agent of downy mildew),
UV light Ultraviolet (UV) is a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelength from 10 nm (with a corresponding frequency around 30  PHz) to 400 nm (750  THz), shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays. UV radiation i ...
irradiation or ozone treatment. '' Botryosphaeria obtusa'', a pathogen responsible for the black dead arm disease of grapevine, has also been shown to be able to oxidise wood δ-resveratrol into delta-viniferin. In cell cultures, the use of methyl jasmonate and
jasmonic acid Jasmonic acid (JA) is an organic compound found in several plants including jasmine. The molecule is a member of the jasmonate class of plant hormones. It is biosynthesized from linolenic acid by the octadecanoid pathway. It was first isolat ...
as
elicitor Elicitors in plant biology are extrinsic or foreign molecules often associated with plant pests, diseases or synergistic organisms. Elicitor molecules can attach to special receptor proteins located on plant cell membranes. These receptors are able ...
s stimulates δ-viniferin
biosynthesis Biosynthesis is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined to form macromolecules. ...
. Delta-viniferin can also be produced from
resveratrol Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-''trans''-stilbene) is a stilbenoid, a type of natural phenol, and a phytoalexin produced by several plants in response to injury or when the plant is under attack by pathogens, such as bacteria or fungi. Sources ...
by human
PTGS1 Cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1), also known as prostaglandin G/H synthase 1, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 or prostaglandin H2 synthase 1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PTGS1'' gene. In humans it is one of two cyclooxygenases. ...
(COX-1, cyclooxygenase-1) or from ''trans''-resveratrol and (−)- epsilon-viniferin by
horseradish peroxidase The enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP), found in the roots of horseradish, is used extensively in biochemistry applications. It is a metalloenzyme with many isoforms, of which the most studied type is C. It catalyzes the oxidation of various or ...
.


See also

* Phenolic content in wine *
Viniferin Viniferin may refer to: * ''alpha''-Viniferin, a resveratrol trimer * ''beta''-Viniferin, a resveratrol cyclic tetramer * ''delta''-Viniferin, a resveratrol dehydrodimer * ''epsilon''-Viniferin, a resveratrol dimer * ''gamma''-Viniferin, a more ...
(disambiguous) *
alpha-Viniferin α-Viniferin is a stilbene trimer. It can be isolated from ''Caragana chamlagu'' and from '' Caragana sinica'' and from the stem bark of ''Dryobalanops aromatica''. It is also present in relation to resistance to ''Botrytis cinerea'' and ''Plasmo ...
* epsilon-Viniferin *
R-Viniferin Vitisin B is a resveratrol tetramer found in plants of the genus ''Vitis ''Vitis'' (grapevine) is a genus of 79 accepted species of vining plants in the flowering plant family Vitaceae. The genus is made up of species predominantly from the N ...
*
R2-Viniferin Vitisin A is a resveratrol tetramer (chemistry), tetramer found in plants of the genus ''Vitis''. It is a complex of two resveratrol dimers, (+)-epsilon-viniferin and ampelopsin B. It shows an opposite effect to hopeaphenol on apoptosis of myocy ...


References


External links


Stilbenoids isolated from ''Vitis vinifera'' at Schroeder group website
{{DEFAULTSORT:Viniferin, delta- Resveratrol oligomers Stilbenoid dimers Phytoalexins Oxygen heterocycles Heterocyclic compounds with 2 rings