The Paulista Republican Party ( pt, Partido Republicano Paulista, PRP), sometimes translated as the Republican Party of São Paulo,
was a Brazilian
political party
A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular country's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific ideological or p ...
founded on April 18, 1873 during the and sparked the first modern
republican
Republican can refer to:
Political ideology
* An advocate of a republic, a type of government that is not a monarchy or dictatorship, and is usually associated with the rule of law.
** Republicanism, the ideology in support of republics or agains ...
movement in Brazil.
History
Initially a band of revolutionaries supported by a local newspaper, the PRP was created by liberal professionals (
lawyer
A lawyer is a person who practices law. The role of a lawyer varies greatly across different legal jurisdictions. A lawyer can be classified as an advocate, attorney, barrister, canon lawyer, civil law notary, counsel, counselor, solicit ...
s,
doctor
Doctor or The Doctor may refer to:
Personal titles
* Doctor (title), the holder of an accredited academic degree
* A medical practitioner, including:
** Physician
** Surgeon
** Dentist
** Veterinary physician
** Optometrist
*Other roles
** ...
s,
engineer
Engineers, as practitioners of engineering, are professionals who Invention, invent, design, analyze, build and test machines, complex systems, structures, gadgets and materials to fulfill functional objectives and requirements while considerin ...
s etc.) and, more importantly by important rural landowners from
São Paulo
São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for ' Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the GaW ...
. The primary objective of the party was to implement a republican federation in Brazil, with a weak central government, giving a degree of autonomy to the states, which did not exist during the
Imperial era
The Roman Empire ( la, Imperium Romanum ; grc-gre, Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) was the post- Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity, it included large territorial holdings around the Medite ...
.
The proclamation of the Brazilian Republic on November 15, 1889, initiated a new order of political power in Brazil, which was to be called
República Velha
The First Brazilian Republic, also referred to as the Old Republic ( pt, República Velha ), officially the Republic of the United States of Brazil, refers to the period of Brazilian history from 1889 to 1930. The Old Republic began with the d ...
, and the country was to be governed by presidents strongly influenced by powerful landowners. The presidents were always candidates of the PRP or of the
PRM from the state of
Minas Gerais
Minas Gerais () is a state in Southeastern Brazil. It ranks as the second most populous, the third by gross domestic product (GDP), and the fourth largest by area in the country. The state's capital and largest city, Belo Horizonte (literall ...
, with both being supported by powerful landowners. This policy was to be nicknamed "
coffee with milk politics
Milk coffee politics or ''café com leite'' politics () is a term that refers to the domination of Brazilian politics under the so-called Old Republic (1889–1930) by the landed gentries of São Paulo (dominated by the coffee industry) and Mi ...
" (''política do café com leite''), alluding to the fact that São Paulo state made its wealth through exporting coffee, and Minas Gerais was famous for producing milk.
With the new republican regime, the PRP was no longer a band of revolutionaries, as it was during the Empire, but an institution dedicated to a form of bureaucracy that would dictate government policy until 1930, when Getúlio Vargas assumed control and abolished the PRP and the PRM.
Electoral results
Presidential elections
Main representatives
*
Prudente de Morais
Prudente José de Morais e Barros (; 4 October 1841 – 3 December 1902) was a Brazilian lawyer and politician who was the third president of Brazil. He is notable as the first civilian president of the country, the first to be elected by dire ...
- President of the Brazilian Republic (1894–1898)
*
Campos Sales
Manoel Ferraz de Campos Salles (; 15 February 1841 – 28 June 1913) was a Brazilian lawyer, coffee farmer, and politician who served as the fourth president of Brazil. He was born in the city of Campinas, São Paulo. He graduated as a la ...
- President of the Brazilian Republic (1898–1902)
*
Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves - President of the Brazilian Republic (1902–1906)
*
Washington Luís
Washington Luís Pereira de Sousa (; 26 October 1869 – 4 August 1957) was a Brazilian politician who served as the 13th president of Brazil. Elected governor of São Paulo state in 1920 and president of Brazil in 1926, Washington Luís belonge ...
- President of the Brazilian Republic (1926–1930)
*
Júlio Prestes
Júlio Prestes de Albuquerque (;
15 March 1882 – 9 February 1946) was a Brazilian poet, lawyer and politician. He was the last elected President of Brazil of the period known as the Old Republic, but never took office because the govern ...
- President-elect of the Brazilian Republic in 1930, President of São Paulo (1927–1930)
*
Bernardino de Campos
Bernardino de Campos is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 11,158 (2020 est.) in an area of 244.2 km2. The elevation is .
History
Bernardino de Campos became a municipality on 9 October 1923 by State Law No. ...
- President of São Paulo (1892–1896)
*
João Tibiriçá Piratininga
*
Jorge Tibiriçá Piratininga - President and Governor of São Paulo (1904–1908)
*
Albuquerque Lins - President of São Paulo (1908–1912)
*
Altino Arantes - President of São Paulo (1916–1920)
*
Carlos de Campos - President of São Paulo (1924–1927)
See also
*
João de Sousa Campos (1813–1880)
References
First Brazilian Republic
Defunct political parties in Brazil
Political parties established in 1873
Liberal parties in Brazil
Conservative parties in Brazil
Republican parties
Coffee with milk politics
Political parties disestablished in 1937
1873 establishments in Brazil
1937 disestablishments in Brazil
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