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The repression of heat shock gene expression (ROSE) element is an RNA element found in the
The repression of heat shock gene expression (ROSE) element is an RNA element found in the 5' UTR
The 5′ untranslated region (also known as 5′ UTR, leader sequence, transcript leader, or leader RNA) is the region of a messenger RNA (mRNA) that is directly upstream from the initiation codon. This region is important for the regulation of ...
of some heat shock protein's mRNA
In molecular biology, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is a single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene, and is read by a ribosome in the process of Protein biosynthesis, synthesizing a protein.
mRNA is ...
s. The ROSE element is an RNA thermometer
An RNA thermometer (or RNA thermosensor) is a temperature-sensitive non-coding RNA molecule which regulates gene expression. RNA thermometers often regulate genes required during either a heat shock or cold shock response, but have been implicat ...
that negatively regulates heat shock gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce end products, protein or non-coding RNA, and ultimately affect a phenotype, as the final effect. The ...
. The secondary structure is thought to be altered by temperature, thus it is an RNA thermometer. This structure blocks access to the ribosome binding site A ribosome binding site, or ribosomal binding site (RBS), is a sequence of nucleotides upstream of the start codon of an mRNA transcript that is responsible for the recruitment of a ribosome during the initiation of translation. Mostly, RBS refers t ...
at normal temperatures. During heat shock however, the structure changes freeing the ribosome
Ribosomes ( ) are macromolecular machines, found within all cells, that perform biological protein synthesis (mRNA translation). Ribosomes link amino acids together in the order specified by the codons of messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules to ...
binding site and allowing expression to occur.
A partial structure of this RNA element has been determined using NMR.
ROSE1 and ROSEAT2
ROSE1 and ROSEAT2 are specific examples of ROSE elements. ROSE1 is found in '' Bradyrhizobium japonicum'' whereas ROSEAT2 is a closely related element from ''Agrobacterium tumefaciens
''Agrobacterium radiobacter'' (more commonly known as ''Agrobacterium tumefaciens'') is the causal agent of crown gall disease (the formation of tumours) in over 140 species of eudicots. It is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative soil bacterium. Sympto ...
''. The two RNA elements have similar secondary structure
Protein secondary structure is the three dimensional conformational isomerism, form of ''local segments'' of proteins. The two most common Protein structure#Secondary structure, secondary structural elements are alpha helix, alpha helices and beta ...
s with ROSE1 having an extra hairpin. All ROSE elements contain a characteristic 'bulged G' opposite the Shine-Dalgarno sequence binding site, without this nucleotide
Nucleotides are organic molecules consisting of a nucleoside and a phosphate. They serve as monomeric units of the nucleic acid polymers – deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), both of which are essential biomolecules wi ...
the RNA thermometer loses its temperature-sensitivity.
IpbA
Expression of the heat shock protein IpbA in species of '' Pseudomonas'' is controlled by a ROSE-type RNA thermometer. This thermometer only consists of two hairpins. It inhibitstranslation
Translation is the communication of the Meaning (linguistic), meaning of a #Source and target languages, source-language text by means of an Dynamic and formal equivalence, equivalent #Source and target languages, target-language text. The ...
of IpbA at low temperatures and permits translation when temperature increases.
''rhlA'' and ''lsdI'' ROSE-like elements
''Pseudomonas aeruginosa
''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' is a common encapsulated, gram-negative, aerobic–facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that can cause disease in plants and animals, including humans. A species of considerable medical importance, ''P. aerugi ...
'' quorum sensing-dependent virulence factors can be thermoregulated. ROSE thermometer present in the 5'UTR of ''rhlA'' and ROSE-like thermometer in the 5'UTR of ''lasI'' block the translation at lower temperatures.
See also
*Cyanobacterial RNA thermometer
The first cyanobacterial RNA thermometer ( RNAT) Hsp17 was found in the 5'UTR of ''Synechocystis'' heat shock ''hsp17'' mRNA. Further study demonstrated that cyanobacteria commonly use RNATs to control the translation of their heat shock genes. ...
* FourU thermometer
* Hsp90 cis-regulatory element
References
Further reading
*External links
* Cis-regulatory RNA elements {{molecular-cell-biology-stub