The Renault Zoe (stylized as ZOE and pronounced as "Zoey"), known as Renault Zoe E-Tech Electric since 2021, is a five-door

supermini The B-segment is the second smallest of the European segments for passenger cars between the A-segment and C-segment, and commonly described as "small cars". The B-segment is the largest segment in Europe by volume, accounting for 20 percent ...

electric car An electric car, battery electric car, or all-electric car is an automobile that is propelled by one or more electric motors, using only energy stored in batteries. Compared to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, electric cars are quiet ...

produced by the French manufacturer

Renault Groupe Renault ( , , , also known as the Renault Group in English; legally Renault S.A.) is a French multinational automobile manufacturer established in 1899. The company produces a range of cars and vans, and in the past has manufactured ...

. Renault originally unveiled, under the Zoe name, a number of different

concept car A concept car (also known as a concept vehicle, show vehicle or prototype) is a car made to showcase new styling and/or new technology. They are often exhibited at motor shows to gauge customer reaction to new and radical designs which may or ...

s. Initially in 2005 as the Zoe City Car and later as the Zoe Z.E. electric concept was shown in two different versions in 2009 and 2010 under the

Renault Z.E. The Renault Z.E. (Z.E. stands for Zero Emission) is a line of all-electric cars from Renault. The line began with the Z.E series of concept cars. The first production car is the Renault Fluence Z.E. that was slated for sales to the public in Isr ...

name. A production ready version of the Zoe was shown at the 2012 Geneva Motor Show. Retail customer deliveries began in France in December 2012, followed in 2013 by several European countries. Since 2013, the Zoe has been the all-time top selling all-electric car in the French market, with more than 100,000 units registered through June 2020. The Zoe was the top selling all-electric car in Europe for two years running, 2015 and 2016, and also topped European sales in the broader

plug-in electric car A plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) is any road vehicle that can utilize an external source of electricity (such as a wall socket that connects to the power grid) to store electrical power within its onboard rechargeable battery packs, which the ...

segment in 2016 and 2020. As of 2020, the Zoe ranks as Europe's all-time best selling plug-in electric car. , global sales totaled almost 285,000 units since inception. The first production Zoe had a 22

kWh A kilowatt-hour (unit symbol: kW⋅h or kW h; commonly written as kWh) is a unit of energy: one kilowatt of power for one hour. In terms of SI derived units with special names, it equals 3.6 megajoules (MJ). Kilowatt-hours are a common bill ...

lithium-ion A lithium-ion or Li-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery which uses the reversible reduction of lithium ions to store energy. It is the predominant battery type used in portable consumer electronics and electric vehicles. It also ...

battery pack that delivers a range between and under the NEDC cycle. In September 2016, Renault announced the introduction of new higher range model with a 41 kWh lithium-ion battery, increasing the range to under the NEDC cycle. In mid 2018 a new model with increased motor power of , was announced as the ZE 40 R110. In mid 2019, the ZE 50 R135 was announced, with a 55 kWh battery pack (52 usable) and motor, and CCS charging; the final production-ready model was shown at the Frankfurt Motor Show and deliveries started in January 2020.

Concepts

Zoe City Car Concept (2005)

The Renault Zoe City Car concept (or Z17) was shown at the 2005 Geneva Motor Show featuring 3 seats, the 3.45 m long open top vehicle was proposed as an urban focused car. This Zoe had no connection with the later electric Zoe concept to follow four years later.

Zoe Concept (2009)

The Renault Zoe Concept was shown to the public in 2009 at the Frankfurt Motor Show to show the company's vision for a

Clio In Greek mythology, Clio ( , ; el, Κλειώ), also spelled Kleio, is the muse of history, or in a few mythological accounts, the muse of lyre playing. Etymology Clio's name is etymologically derived from the Greek root κλέω/κλε ...

sized electric car. It was powered by a electric motor (mounted at the front) and

batteries (under the seats). It was estimated it would have a range of and a top speed of , and could be charged at a conventional 230 V socket, or fast-charged from a high-voltage supply to 80 percent in only 20 minutes. A third innovative option was to swap the batteries for a new pack at a Renault Quickdrop centre. The vehicle was designed by Raphaël Linari. The design was tear-drop shaped featuring a

see-through roof A sunroof is a movable panel that opens to uncover a window in an automobile roof, allowing light and fresh air to enter the passenger compartment. Sunroofs can be manually operated or motor driven, and are available in many shapes, sizes and styl ...

features

solar panel A solar cell panel, solar electric panel, photo-voltaic (PV) module, PV panel or solar panel is an assembly of photovoltaic solar cells mounted in a (usually rectangular) frame, and a neatly organised collection of PV panels is called a photo ...

s which run the

air-conditioning Air conditioning, often abbreviated as A/C or AC, is the process of removing heat from an enclosed space to achieve a more comfortable interior environment (sometimes referred to as 'comfort cooling') and in some cases also strictly controlling ...

system and gull-wing doors. A new climate control system was also shown, developed with

L'Oréal L'Oréal S.A. () is a French personal care company headquartered in Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine with a registered office in Paris. It is the world's largest cosmetics company and has developed activities in the field concentrating on hair color, ...

, which could spray essential oils into the interior to cut out harmful exterior smells, or rehydrate the interior to prevent skin drying out.

Zoe Preview (2010)

The Zoe Preview, a substantially revised version of the Zoe concept, was shown to the public at the

2010 Paris Motor Show The 2010 Paris Motor Show took place from 2 October to 17 October 2010, in Paris expo Porte de Versailles. For 2010, the theme of the special exhibition was "The Incredible Collection 2: automobile manufacturers collections and museums." Introdu ...

, and was claimed to be a near-definitive representation (90% showroom ready) of the final version of the car. Many of the existing design features of the 2009 concept model were discarded such as the gull-wing doors. The technical specifications had changed from the 2009 version with the power of the electric motor reduced to , a reduced top speed of , but still with a range. It was suggested that the Zoe ZE would be priced from €15,000.

Zoe E-Sport (2017)

The Zoe E-sport is a hot hatch electric car concept unveiled at the 2017 Geneva Motor Show. It has an

all-wheel drive An all-wheel drive vehicle (AWD vehicle) is one with a powertrain capable of providing power to all its wheels, whether full-time or on-demand. The most common forms of all-wheel drive are: ;1x1 : All unicycles Reflecting one axle with one ...

design with two electric motors, each one powering an axle. The combined power from both is and the torque . The lithium-ion battery package weighs and is on the rear. The car, weighing , has a carbon fibre chassis, racing brakes and equipment, and a double wishbone suspension on both axles.

Production versions

ZE

The production version of the Zoe was announced in March 2012 at the

Geneva Motor Show The Geneva International Motor Show is an annual auto show held in March in the Swiss city of Geneva. The show is hosted at the Palexpo, a convention centre located next to the Geneva Cointrin International Airport. The Salon is organised by t ...

. Similar to the Zoe Preview of 2010 and the design credited to Jean Semeriva, it is a five-door supermini at 4080 mm long, a little longer than the Renault Clio. Retail customer deliveries began in limited number in France in December 2012, and Renault planned to increase availability during the first quarter of 2013. The first Zoe was delivered to Arnaud Montebourg, French Minister of Industrial Recovery. The Zoe is produced at Flins on the same assembly line as the Renault Clio and Nissan Micra. About 170 Zoes are made per day. In France the Zoe pricing starts at () before applying the existing () tax incentive, plus a monthly fee for the battery. The cost of leasing the battery for 36 months starts from /month (/month) for an annual distance travelled of and includes comprehensive breakdown assistance. The Zoes produced until June 2015 are powered by a 22

lithium-ion battery A lithium-ion or Li-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery which uses the reversible reduction of lithium ions to store energy. It is the predominant battery type used in portable consumer electronics and electric vehicles. It also s ...

pack weighing 275 kg, driving a synchronous

electric motor An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between the motor's magnetic field and electric current in a wire winding to generate f ...

supplied by Continental and called the Q210, as the NEDC cycle range is . Maximum torque is 220 N·m (162 lb-ft) with a top speed of . Renault estimates that in suburban use, the Zoe can achieve around in cold weather and in temperate conditions. The car features a charging system called "Caméléon" ( Chameleon) charger that allows the Zoe to be charged at any level of AC power up to 43 kW (63A), taking between 30 minutes and nine hours. The particular type of grid system in parts of Norway with a different potential for the protective ground requires a special charger, which is included with all Zoes in Norway from summer 2015. In June 2015, Renault announced the introduction of a new, smaller electric motor called the R240, manufactured at its Cléon engine plant. The new motor has the same power and torque as the Q210 unit with an extended NEDC cycle range of . However, the Q210 would still be available as the R240 allowed only 22 kW quick charging.

ZE 40

In October 2016 at the Paris Motor Show, Renault unveiled a 41 kWh lithium-ion battery called the ZE 40, weighing . The battery was developed by Renault and LG Chem, and is assembled at Renault's Flins plant. It is mounted on Zoes using the R75/90 motor (formerly R240, the name now making reference to the motor power output range between and ) and increases the car range to under NEDC and allows quick charging. The Q210 would still be available, renamed as Q90. According to Renault, the battery delivers about on real driving conditions. Older Zoes using the battery would get a less significant range increase because of various design upgrades. Options to buy the battery would be available, along with revised lease plans. In ZE 40 cars, available energy went up from about 22 kWh to 41 kWh, while the dimensions of the battery remained unchanged, with the weight increasing by only 15 kg (33 lbs) – from (5%). Physically, Renault still uses 192 3.5 volts lithium cells (LG Chem) in 12 modules (16 cells per module) configuration.

ZE 50

In June 2019 Renault announced a new Zoe with a 52 kWh battery, achieving range of under WLTP conditions. It comes with either an 80 kW R110 electric motor for the "Iconic" trim level, or a 100 kW R135 electric motor for the "S Edition" and "GT Line +" trim levels. It also comes with faster charging with the option of 50 kW DC capability via CCS2.

Electrics and Drivetrain variants

Battery

*First generation battery: **Thermals: air cooled **Total weight: 290 kg **Total capacity: 25,92 kWh (192 x 36 Ah x 3,75 V = 25,92 kWh) **Available capacity: 23.3 kWh **Cells: 192 cells, each with 36 Ah nominal capacity and 3,75 V

nominal voltage Nominal may refer to: Linguistics and grammar * Nominal (linguistics), one of the parts of speech * Nominal, the adjectival form of "noun", as in "nominal agreement" (= "noun agreement") * Nominal sentence, a sentence without a finite verb * ...

. **Total cell weight: 165.12 kg (192 x 0.86 kg = 165.12 kg) **Charging: type 2 (22 kW AC with 3-phase), and 43 kW 3-phase for all initial Zoe before the advent of R240 version *Second generation battery: **Thermals: air cooled **Total weight: 305 kg **Total capacity: 45.61 kWh (estimation by knowing the usable capacity) **Available capacity: 41 kWh **Cells: 192 cells, each with 63.35 Ah nominal capacity (estimation) and 3.75 V nominal voltage **Total cell weight: 180.12 kg (estimation by knowing the total battery weight) **Charging: type 2 (22 kW AC with 3-phase), and 43 kW 3-phase for Q90 variant *Third generation battery: **Thermals: air cooled **Total weight: **Total capacity: 55 kWh **Available capacity: 52 kWh **Cells: **Total cell weight: **Charging: type 2 (22 kW AC with 3-phase) and CCS (50 kW) In France, pricing of the Zoe with the 41 kWh battery starts at (~ ) before any applicable government incentives ( or ), and without the purchase of the battery. The rental fee for the battery is (~ ) per month for up to per year and (~ ) per month for unlimited mileage. In Norway, pricing starts at 229,400 kroner (~ ), and the pricing of the variant with the original 22 kWh battery starts at 40,000 kroner (~ ) less than the 41 kWh variant. The small battery can be upgraded to the newer one, at a cost of around 3500 Euros for rented batteries. In the UK, it has been possible to buy the Zoe with the battery, or lease the battery. Leasing the battery gives a free replacement if capacity falls under 80%.

Charger

The 2015 R240 version removed the 43 kW AC charging capability, in exchange for better efficiency of low power home charging. The 2017 facelift still allowed for a Q90 rapid charge option (full-speed 43 kW rapid charging). A full charge at 22 kW speed will take two hours and 40 minutes, with 80% of the range recovered in an hour and 40 minutes. The Q90, by comparison, takes 65 minutes to reach 80% capacity.

Motor

In February 2018, Renault introduced an updated version of the R90 motor, the R110, which upped power output to while maintaining the same estimated economy and similar torque (). The R90 would still be available for sale. The price for cars equipped with the new motor would be slightly higher than those using the R90 version. The R110 will be the first Renault motor certified under WLTP and sales would start by the end of the 2018 summer in Europe. In 2019, Renault introduced the R135 motor (100 kW) in the ZE 50.

Safety

The Zoe received a five-star Euro NCAP 2013-rating. The score was: In 2021, the updated Zoe in its standard European configuration received a zero-star safety rating, becoming the third car in Euro NCAP's history to record a zero-star rating. The score was:

Sales and markets

Retail customer deliveries began in limited numbers in France in December 2012, and availability was increased during the first quarter of 2013. A total of 48 units were registered in France during December 2012, and cumulative sales reached 5,559 units through December 2013. The Zoe became the top selling all-electric vehicle in the country in January 2013, and kept the monthly lead through December 2013, representing 62.8% of electric car sales in the country during 2013. In addition, the Zoe became the best selling electric car in France accounting for registrations in the electric passenger car segment since 2010 through December 2013. ''See "Ventes de voitures électriques en 2016/2015/2014/2013/2012/2011."'' Renault Zoe SAO 2014 0342

Deliveries in the UK began in March 2013, and Germany, Italy and Spain in April 2013. Cumulative global sales totaled 8,874 units through December 2013. Out of 8,792 cars sold in Europe through December 2013, 62.7% were sold in France (5,511). Germany was the second top selling market, with 1,019 units delivered through December 2013, followed by the Netherlands with 547 units registered. ''Download pdf file for detailed sales in 2013 ("Download nieuwverkoop personenautos 201312")''. The Renault Zoe was officially launched in the Norwegian market in April 2014, though retail deliveries began in late March. Unlike other European countries, the Zoe is sold in Norway with the battery pack included and there are no battery leasing options available. A total of 11,323 Zoes were sold globally in 2014. France continued as the top selling market with cumulative sales of 11,529 units, and the Zoe continued as the all-time best selling electric car in the country, with 5,970 units sold in 2014. Global sales reached the 10,000 unit mark in January 2014, and 25,000 in May 2015. The milestone of 50,000 units produced was reached in April 2016, while sales achieved the 50,000 unit milestone in June 2016. '', cumulative global sales of the top selling plug-in electric cars were led by the Nissan Leaf (about 225,000), Tesla Model S (over 129,000), Votl/Ampera family (over 117,000), Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV (about 107,000), Toyota Prius PHV (over 75,000), BYD Qin (56,191), Renault Zoe (51,193), and BMW i3 (almost 50,000).'' With a record 10,406 units sold in 2015, the Zoe was again the top selling all-electric car in France, and continued as the best-selling electric car in the country ever. The Zoe, with 18,453 registrations, was the top selling pure electric car in Europe in 2015. The Zoe ranked as the world's 8th best-selling electric car in 2015. ''Accounting for global cumulative sales by December 2015, plug-in electric car sales are led by the Nissan Leaf (200,000), followed by Volt/Ampera family (104,000), and the Tesla Model S (100,000). , ranking next are the Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV (85,000), and the Prius Plug-in Hybrid (75,000), Mitsubishi i-MiEV family (~50,000), BYD Qin (45,275), BMW i3 (38,581), Renault Zoe (36,040), and the Ford Fusion Energi (26,742). Combines sales of the top 10 PEV models represent almost 50% of cumulative global PEV sales through November 2015)'' , France remained as the Zoe's top country market, with 27,155 units registered since its inception in 2012. Zoe sales in the French market represented 53% of global sales. Renault Zoe ZE50 White

The Zoe ranked as the best-selling

all-electric car An electric car, battery electric car, or all-electric car is an automobile that is propelled by one or more electric motors, using only energy stored in batteries. Compared to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, electric cars are quie ...

in Europe for the second year in a row in 2016 with 21,735 units delivered, representing 21.2% of the segment sales that year. Also, the Zoe topped European sales in the broader

segment, ahead of the Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV, the top selling plug-in in the previous two years. In 2016 the Zoe ranked again as the world's 8th best-selling electric car. ''See also detailed 2016 sales and cumulative global sales in the two graphs.'' , the Zoe ranked as the world's all-time eighth best selling plug-in car. Global sales totaled 31,932 units in 2017 and 40,517 in 2018. ''Sales figures includes passenger and light utility variants. Click on link "XLSX - 142 Ko Ventes mensuelles du Groupe (Décembre 2018)" to download the file, and open the tab "Sales by Model" to access sales figures for 2017 and 2018.'' Global sales reached the 150,000 unit milestone in June 2019, and the 200,000th Zoe produced rolled off the Flins plant in November 2019. Annual sales passed the 100,000 unit mark in 2020 for the first time, and the Zoe listed as the best selling plug-in passenger car in Europe in 2020, ''According to Jato Dynamics, the best selling plug-in electric models across 23 European markets in 2020, including the European Union member states, the UK, Norway and Switzerland, were the Renault Zoe (99,261), Tesla Model 3 (85,713), Volkswagen ID 3 (56,118), Hyundai Kona (47,796), and the VW e-Golf (33,650). The Mercedes-Benz A250e was the top selling plug-in hybrid in 2020, with 29,427 units, followed by the Mitsubishi Outlander (26,673), which led the market in 2019. '' and by the end of 2020, the Zoe ranked as the all-time best selling plug-in car in Europe. , the Zoe continued as France's all-time best selling plug-in with more than 100,000 units registered, and has led electric car sales in the French market for seven years running, from 2013 to 2019. ''See "Ventes de voitures électriques en 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011 and 2010" It shows all electric car registrations between 2010 and June 2020.'' Since inception, global sales totaled 284,761 units through December 2020 including both the passenger and cargo variants. ''See pp. 24 and 39. Since the launch of the Renault electric program, the Group has sold more than 252,000 electric vehicles in Europe and more than 273,550 electric vehicles worldwide. Since inception, a total of 181,893 Zoe cars have been sold globally through December 2019. A total of 40,517 Zoes were sold in 2018 and 48,269 in 2019.'' ''Sales figures includes passenger and light utility variants. Click on the corresponding link to download the file "GROUPE RENAULT - MONTHLY SALES DECEMBER 2020 XLSX - 806 KB", and open the tab "Sales by Model" to access sales figures for 2019 and 2020. Global Zoe sales totaled 102,868 units in 2020 (16,035 in December 2020), and European registrations totaled 100,815 units, including both passenger and LCV variants.'' {, class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" , + Renault Zoe sales by top national markets⁽¹⁾ 2012–2020 , - ! rowspan=2 style="background:#abcdef;", Country ! colspan=10 style="background:#abcdef;", Sales , - ! style="background:#abcdef;", cumulative ! style="background:#abcdef;", 2020 ! style="background:#abcdef;", 2019 ! style="background:#abcdef;", 2018 ! style="background:#abcdef;", 2017 ! style="background:#abcdef;", 2016 ! style="background:#abcdef;", 2015 ! style="background:#abcdef;", 2014 ! style="background:#abcdef;", 2013 ! style="background:#abcdef;", 2012 , - align=center , align=left, , 84,437, , , , 18,817, , 17,038, , 15,245, , 11,402, , 10,406, , 5,970, , 5,511, , 48 , - align=center , align=left, 'A total of 1,498 units were registered in Germany in 2014.'' ''A total of 1,582 Model S cars were registered in Germany in 2015.'' ''A total of 1,582 Model S cars were registered in Germany in 2015.'' , 57,603, , 30,381, , 9,431, , 6,360, , 4,322, , 2,805, , 1,787, , 1,498, , 1,019, , , - align=center , align=left, ''See graph: "Gjennomsnittlig CO2-utslipp for registrerte ney personbiler per modell 2014, til og med desember." A total of 433 new Renault Zoes were registered in Norway in 2014.'' ''See graph: "Gjennomsnittlig CO2-utslipp for registrerte ney personbiler per modell 2015, til og med desember." A total of 1,634 new Zoes cars were registered in Norway in 2015.'' , 13,995, , 2,346, , 2,090, , 3,141, , 2,533, , 1,818 , , 1,634 , , 433 , , , , , - align="center" , align="left" , ''Figures correspond to the number of vehicles registered at the end of the corresponding quarter. A total of 3,327 Zoes were registered in the UK at the end of 2015.'' ''A total of 1,356 Zoes were registered in the UK since 2013 through December 2014, and 1,621 at the end of March 2015.'', {{Cite web, url = https://www.howmanyleft.co.uk/family/renault_zoe#!newreg , title = Renault Zoe New Registrations by Year, author = HowManyLeft.co.uk (source DVLA), , 10,510, , {{n/a, , 2,380, , 1,981, , 1,175, , 1,647, , 1,971, , 1,104, , 252, , , - align=center , align=left, {{AUT{{cite web , url=https://myampera.wordpress.com/2015/04/22/bundeslander-statistik/ , title=Bundesländer-Statistik - Dezember 2015 , language=de , trans-title=Federal Statistics - December 2015 , publisher=Myampera.wordpress.com , date=January 2016 , access-date=4 March 2016 ''Click on the tables by model by each year.''{{cite web , url=http://ev-sales.blogspot.com/2019/01/austria-december-2018.html , title=Austria December 2018 , author=José Pontes , publisher=EV Sales , date=24 January 2019 , access-date=13 January 2020{{cite web , url=https://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/energie_umwelt_innovation_mobilitaet/verkehr/strasse/kraftfahrzeuge_-_neuzulassungen/index.html , title=Austria December 2019 , author=Bundesanstalt Statistik Österreich , publisher=Statistik Austria , date=14 September 2020 , access-date=14 September 2020 , 7,440, , 2,071, , 944, , 1,170, , 1,391, , 829 , , 279 , , 387 , , 369, , , - align=center , align=left, {{SWE{{cite web, url= http://www.bilsweden.se/statistik/arkiv-nyregistrering_per_manad_2014/nyregistreringar-december-2014-(prel) , title=Nyregistreringar december 2014 (prel), language=sv , trans-title=New registrations in December 2014 (preliminar), author=Bil Sweden, publisher=Bil Sweden, date=2 January 2015, access-date=28 June 2015 ''Download file "Nyregistreringar december 2014 (prel)" see table "Nyregistrerade supermiljöbilar december 2014" with summary of plug-in passenger car registrations by model for 2014.''{{cite web , url=http://www.bilsweden.se/statistik/arkiv-nyregistrering-per-manad-2015/nyregistreringar-december-2015-def , title=Nyregistreringar december 2015 def , language=sv, trans-title=New Registrations December 2015 (final) , author=Bil Sweden , publisher=Bil Sweden , date=4 January 2016 , access-date=4 March 2016 ''Download the pdf file "Nyregistreringar december 2015 def" See table: Nyregistrerade miljöpersonbilar december 2015''{{cite web, url=http://www.bilsweden.se/statistik/nyregistreringar , title=Nyregistreringar, language=sv , trans-title=New registrations, author=Bil Sweden, publisher=Bil Sweden, date=14 September 2018, access-date=14 September 2018{{cite web , url=https://ev-sales.blogspot.com/2019/01/sweden-december-2018.html , title=Sweden December 2018 , author=José Pontes , publisher=EV Sales , date=2 January 2019 , access-date=19 January 2020{{cite web , url=https://cleantechnica.com/2020/01/04/plug-in-vehicles-11-of-swedish-auto-market/ , title=Plug-In Vehicles = 11% of Swedish Auto Market , author=Zachary Shahan , publisher=CleanTechnica , date=4 January 2020 , access-date=13 January 2020 , 7,364, , 2,132{{cite web , url=https://ev-sales.blogspot.com/2021/01/sweden-december-2020.html , title=Sweden December 2020 , author=José Pontes , publisher=EV Sales , date=5 January 2021 , access-date=14 January 2021, , 2,036, , 1,663, , 533, , 418, , 378, , 204, , , , , - align=center , align=left, {{NED{{cite web, url=http://www.raivereniging.nl/ecm/?id=workspace://SpacesStore/84628a3c-cc08-4752-81ca-2e6c5e657ba2, title=Nieuwverkoop Per Merk/Model, language=nl, trans-title=New Sales By Brand / Model, author=RAI, publisher=RAI Vereniging, date=January 2015, access-date=27 June 2015, url-status=dead, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201001911/http://www.raivereniging.nl/ecm/?id=workspace%3A%2F%2FSpacesStore%2F84628a3c-cc08-4752-81ca-2e6c5e657ba2, archive-date=1 February 2015{{cite web, url=https://www.raivereniging.nl/ecm/?id=workspace://SpacesStore/c2bc95ca-5410-45c3-a082-0af4f85d0d03;1.0, title=Nieuwverkoop Personenautos Per Merk/Model, language=nl, trans-title=New passenger cars sales by brand/model 2015/12 2015 toal, author=RAI, publisher=RAI Vereniging, date=January 2016, access-date=1 March 2016, url-status=dead, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306025108/https://www.raivereniging.nl/ecm/?id=workspace%3A%2F%2FSpacesStore%2Fc2bc95ca-5410-45c3-a082-0af4f85d0d03%3B1.0, archive-date=6 March 2016 ''A total of 223 Zoes cars were registered in the Netherlands in 2015".''{{cite web , url= https://cleantechnica.com/2019/01/05/dutch-ev-sales-tripled-in-2018-30-market-share-in-december-tesla-model-s-took-1-spot-quicknews/ , title=Dutch EV Sales: Tripled In 2018, 30% Market Share In December, Tesla Model S Took #1 Spot — #QuickNews , author=Karel Beckman , publisher=CleanTechnica , date=5 January 2019 , access-date=13 January 2020{{cite web , url=http://ev-sales.blogspot.com/2020/01/netherlands-december-2019.html , title=Netherlands December 2019 , author=José Pontes , publisher=EV Sales , date=8 January 2020 , access-date=15 January 2020 , 7,284, , 2,073{{cite web , url=https://ev-sales.blogspot.com/2021/01/netherlands-december-2020.html , title=Netherlands December 2020 , author=José Pontes , publisher=EV Sales , date=7 January 2021 , access-date=14 January 2021, , 2,208, , 1,017, , 781, , 183, , 223, , 252, , 547, , , - align=center , align=left, {{SWI{{cite web , url=http://www.auto-schweiz.ch/statistiken/autoverkaeufe-nach-modellen/ , title=Autoverkäufe nach Modellen – Modellstatistik , language=de, trans-title=Passenger cars by model – Statistics by model , author=Vereinigung Schweizer Automobil-Importeure , publisher=Auto Schweiz Suisse , access-date=3 March 2016 ''Under "ModellstatistikJanuar - Dezember 2015" download the xls file "ModellePW2015" for 2015 sales, and under "Modellstatistiken 2008–2014" click "2014 Statistik" to download the file "ModellePW2014" with sales by model for 2014 and "2013 Statistik" to download the file "ModellePW2013" with sales by model for 2013.''{{cite web , url=https://ev-sales.blogspot.com/2020/01/switzerland-december-2019.html , title=Switzerland December 2019 , author=José Pontes , publisher=EV Sales , date=16 January 2020 , access-date=19 January 2020 , 5,055, , {{n/a, , 1,799, , 908, , 741, , 406, , 478, , 381, , 342, , , - align=center , align=left, {{ESP{{cite web, url= http://aniacam.com/datos/2013/12dic2013.php , language=es, title=Datos de Mercado: Diciembre 2013 - Matriculaciones de automóviles, trans-title=Market data: December 2013 - Automobiles registrations, author= Asociación Nacional de Importadores de Automóviles, Camiones, Autobuses y Motocicletas (ANIACAM), publisher=ANIACAM, date=January 2014, access-date=19 April 2014 ''Download the file "DossierAutomóviles_diciembre13.xls (929KB)" with current month and cumulative sales for 2013.''{{cite web, url= http://aniacam.com/datos/2014/12dic2014.php , language=es, title=Datos de Mercado: Diciembre 2014 - Matriculaciones de automóviles, trans-title=Market data: December 2014 - Automobiles registrations, author= Asociación Nacional de Importadores de Automóviles, Camiones, Autobuses y Motocicletas (ANIACAM), publisher=ANIACAM, date=January 2015, access-date=28 June 2015 ''Download the file "DossierAutomóviles_diciembre14.xls (929KB)*" with current month and cumulative sales during 2014.''{{cite web, url= http://aniacam.com/datos/2015/12dic2015.php , language=es, title=Datos de Mercado: Diciembre 2015 - Matriculaciones, trans-title=Market data: December 2015 - Registrations, author= Asociación Nacional de Importadores de Automóviles, Camiones, Autobuses y Motocicletas (ANIACAM), publisher=ANIACAM, date=January 2016, access-date=4 March 2016 ''Download the file "DossierAutomóviles_diciembre15.xls (929KB)*" with current month and cumulative sales for year 2015.''{{cite web , url=https://ev-sales.blogspot.com/2019/01/spain-december-2018.html , title=Spain December 2018 , author=José Pontes , publisher=EV Sales , date=6 January 2019 , access-date=19 January 2020{{cite web , url=http://ev-sales.blogspot.com/2020/01/spain-december-2019.html , title=Spain December 2019 , author=José Pontes , publisher=EV Sales , date=15 January 2020 , access-date=15 January 2020 , 5,025, , {{n/a, , 1,051, , 1,418, , 1,327, , 446, , 312, , 289, , 182, , , - align=center , align=left, {{POR{{cite web, url=http://ev-sales.blogspot.com.br/2015/01/portugal-december-2014.html , title=Portugal December 2013, author=Jose Pontes, publisher=EV Sales, date=30 January 2015, access-date=4 March 2016{{cite web, url=https://www.uve.pt/page/explosao-de-vendas-de-ves-em-portugal-no-mes-de-dezembro/ , title=Explosão de vendas de VE's em Portugal no mês de Dezembro, language=pt , trans-title=EV sales burst in Portugal in December , author=Associação de Utilizadores de Veículos Elétricos (UVE) , publisher=UVE , date=28 January 2016 , access-date=27 February 2016{{cite web , url=http://ev-sales.blogspot.com/2019/01/portugal-december-2018.html , title=Portugal December 2018 , author=José Pontes , publisher=EV Sales , date=24 January 2019 , access-date=13 January 2020{{cite web , url=https://ev-sales.blogspot.com/2020/01/portugal-december-2019.html , title=Portugal December 2019 , author=José Pontes , publisher=EV Sales , date=15 January 2019 , access-date=19 January 2020 , 3,381, , {{n/a, , 968, , 1,305, , 751, , 170 , , 153 , , 34 , , , , , - align=center , align=left, {{DEN{{cite web, url=http://www.bilimp.dk/statistics/index.asp , title=Statistik , language=da, trans-title=Statistics (Passenger cars by model) , author=De Danske Bilimportører, publisher=Bilimp, date=January 2016 , access-date=4 March 2016 ''Select 2015/2014/2013 – "Hele året" for the corresponding year and click on "Pr. model" for details of sales by brand and model.''{{cite web , url=https://ev-sales.blogspot.com/2019/01/denmark-december-2018.html , title=Denmark December 2018 , author=José Pontes , publisher=EV Sales , date=16 January 2019 , access-date=19 January 2020{{cite web , url=http://ev-sales.blogspot.com/2020/01/denmark-december-2019.html , title=Denmark December 2019 , author=José Pontes , publisher=EV Sales , date=9 January 2020 , access-date=15 January 2020 , 2,564, , {{n/a, , 568, , 431, , 386, , 612 , , 330 , , 145 , , 92, , , - align=center , align=left, {{BEL{{cite web, url=http://www.ev-sales.blogspot.ca/2014/01/belgium-december-2013.html , title=Belgium December 2013, author=Jose Pontes, publisher=EV Sales, date=18 January 2014 , access-date=20 January 2014{{cite web, url= http://www.ev-sales.blogspot.ca/2015/01/belgium-december-2014.html , title=Belgium December 2014, author=Jose Pontes, publisher=EV Sales, date=24 January 2015 , access-date=28 June 2015{{cite web, url= http://ev-sales.blogspot.com.br/2016/01/belgium-december-2015.html , title=Belgium December 2015, first = Jose , last = Pontes, publisher=EV Sales, date=26 January 2016 , access-date=4 March 2016{{cite web , url=http://ev-sales.blogspot.com/2019/01/belgium-december-2018.html , title=Belgium December 2018 , author=José Pontes , publisher=EV Sales , date=4 January 2019 , access-date=13 January 2020{{cite web , url=http://ev-sales.blogspot.com/2020/01/belgium-december-2019.html , title=Belgium December 2019 , author=José Pontes , publisher=EV Sales , date=6 January 2020 , access-date=15 January 2020 , 1,749, , {{n/a, , 666, , 294, , 351, , 210 , , 33 , , 110 , , 85, , , - align=center , align=left, {{ITA{{cite web, url=http://www.greenstart.it/approfondimento/i-dati-di-vendita-di-auto-elettriche-e-ibride-dicembre-2013-italia-1032, title=I dati di vendita di auto elettriche e ibride a dicembre 2013 in Italia, language=it, trans-title=Sales figures of electric and hybrid cars in Italy through December 2013, author=Luca Moroni, publisher=Green Start, date=3 January 2014, access-date=19 April 2014, url-status=dead, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107221857/http://www.greenstart.it/approfondimento/i-dati-di-vendita-di-auto-elettriche-e-ibride-dicembre-2013-italia-1032, archive-date=7 January 2014{{cite web, url= http://www.ev-sales.blogspot.ca/2015/01/italy-december-2014.html , title=Italy December 2014, author=Jose Pontes, publisher=EV Sales, date=12 January 2015 , access-date=28 June 2015{{cite web, url= http://www.greenstart.it/dicembre-2015-i-dati-di-vendita-di-auto-elettriche-e-ibride-in-italia-8587 , title=Dicembre 2015, i dati di vendita di auto elettriche e ibride in Italia , language=it, trans-title=December 2015, sales figures of electric and hybrid cars in Italy, author=Luca Moroni, publisher=Green Start, date=6 January 2016 , access-date=22 January 2016 , {{n/a, , {{n/a, , {{n/a, , {{n/a, , 318, , 210 , , 326 , , 155 , , 203 , , , - align=center , align=left, {{LUX{{cite web , url=https://ev-sales.blogspot.com/2018/01/luxembourg-december-2017.html , title=Luxembourg December 2017 , author=José Pontes , publisher=EV Sales , date=16 January 2018 , access-date=19 January 2020{{cite web , url=https://ev-sales.blogspot.com/2019/01/luxembourg-december-2018.html , title=Luxembourg December 2018 , author=José Pontes , publisher=EV Sales , date=5 January 2019 , access-date=19 January 2020 , {{n/a, , {{n/a, , {{n/a, , 67, , 75, , {{n/a, , {{n/a, , {{n/a, , , , , - align=center , align=left, {{ISL{{cite web , url=https://ev-sales.blogspot.com/2018/01/iceland-december-2017.html , title=Iceland December 2017 , author=José Pontes , publisher=EV Sales , date=23 January 2018 , access-date=19 January 2020{{cite web , url=https://ev-sales.blogspot.com/2019/01/iceland-december-2018.html , title=Iceland December 2018, author=José Pontes, publisher=EV Sales, date=17 January 2019, access-date=19 January 2020{{cite web , url=http://ev-sales.blogspot.com/2020/01/iceland-december-2019.html , title=Iceland December 2019, author=José Pontes, publisher=EV Sales, date=13 January 2020, access-date=15 January 2020 , {{n/a, , {{n/a, , 59, , 63, , 85, , {{n/a, , {{n/a, , {{n/a, , , , , - align=center , align=left, {{FIN{{cite web , url=https://trafi2.stat.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/en/TraFi/TraFi__Ensirekisteroinnit/060_ensirek_tau_106.px/ , title=First registrations of passenger cars by model in 2014 to 2021 , publisher=Finnish Transport and Communications Agency (Traficom) , date=4 February 2021 , access-date=26 February 2020 , 282, , 142, , 23, , 55, , 60, , 2, , , , , , , , , - align=center , align=left, {{ROM{{cite web , url=https://ev-sales.blogspot.com/2018/01/romania-december-2017.html , title=Romania December 2017 , author=José Pontes , publisher=EV Sales , date=25 January 2018 , access-date=19 January 2020 , {{n/a, , {{n/a, , {{n/a, , {{n/a, , 49, , {{n/a, , {{n/a , , {{n/a , , , , , - style="background:lightgrey;" , - align=center , align=left, {{TUR{{cite web , url=http://tehad.org/2020/04/12/elektrikli-ve-hibrid-otomobil-satislari-y-artti/ , title=Elektrikli ve Hibrid Otomobil satışları %79 arttı , author=Berkan Bayram , publisher=TEHAD , date=12 April 2020 , access-date=26 May 2020{{cite web , url=https://tuludarican.files.wordpress.com/2015/01/model-dokumuaralc4b1k-2014.pdf , title=Otomobil ve Hafif Ticari Araç Pazarı Marka/Model Perakende Satışlar (Ocak- Aralık'2014) , author=Otomotiv Distribütörleri Derneği , publisher=Tulu Darıcan , date=27 January 2015 , access-date=26 May 2020 , {{n/a, , {{n/a, , 31, , 79, , 42, , 20, , 36, , 21, , , , , - style="background:lightgrey;" , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , - align=center , style="background:#f0f0ff;", Global sales{{cite web, url= https://group.renault.com/finance/informations-financieres/chiffre-cles/ventes-mensuelles, title= Ventes Mensuelles , language=fr, trans-title=Monthly Sales , author=Groupe Renault , publisher=Renault.com , date=January 2017 , access-date=18 January 2017 '' Includes passenger and light utility variants. Click on "(décembre 2016)" to download the file "XLSX - 239 Ko" for CYTD sales in 2016, and open the tab "Sales by Model". Click on "+ Voir plus" (See more) to download the files "Ventes mensuelles du groupe (décembre 2011) (xls, 183 Ko)" "Ventes mensuelles (décembre 2012) (xls, 289 Ko)" - Ventes mensuelles (décembre 2013) (xlsx, 227 Ko)" - "XLSX - 220 Ko Ventes mensuelles (décembre 2014)" - "Ventes mensuelles (décembre 2015)" to download the file "XLSX - 227 Ko" for 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 sales. Sales figures for 2013 were revised in the 2014 report'' , style="background:#f0f0ff;" , 284,791 , style="background:#f0f0ff;" , 102,868 , style="background:#f0f0ff;" , 48,269 , style="background:#f0f0ff;" , 40,517 , style="background:#f0f0ff;" , 31,932 , style="background:#f0f0ff;" , 22,009 , style="background:#f0f0ff;" , 18,931 , style="background:#f0f0ff;" , 11,323 , style="background:#f0f0ff;" , 8,874 , style="background:#f0f0ff;" , 68 , - , colspan="11" style="text-align:left; " , Notes: (1) Global annual sales includes passenger cars and its light utility variant.

Recognition

The Zoe was one of the top three finalists for the 2013 World Car of the Year, World Green Car of the Year.

Criticism

Technology blog TechDirt suggested that the Zoe's battery pack could contain

Digital Rights Management Digital rights management (DRM) is the management of legal access to digital content. Various tools or technological protection measures (TPM) such as access control technologies can restrict the use of proprietary hardware and copyrighted work ...

software, on the grounds that the original battery lease agreements for the Zoe gave Renault the right to prevent the car's battery from charging at end of lease. Following an

Electronic Frontier Foundation The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is an international non-profit digital rights group based in San Francisco, California. The foundation was formed on 10 July 1990 by John Gilmore, John Perry Barlow and Mitch Kapor to promote Internet ...

article which cited TechDirt's supposition to argue that this could render the vehicle unusable if the owner ceases payment or Renault withdraws support, Renault publicly denied any use of DRM technology through its official Twitter account.

Name dispute

In May 2010, a Parisian woman named Zoe Renault commenced legal action to try and force Renault to rethink their choice of name amid claims it would lead to mocking jibes. In November 2010, a French judge ruled that Renault could use the name.{{cite web, url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11732595 , title=BBC News - Renault can name new car Zoe as girls' case rejected , publisher=BBC, date=21 May 2010 , access-date=11 November 2010

Upcoming discontinuation

In 2023, Renault will launch the 5 EV, which will replace the Zoe after being on the market for then 10 years in a single generation.

References

{{Reflist

External links

*{{Official website, https://www.renault.co.uk/vehicles/new-vehicles/zoe-250.html (UK)
Understanding the different Zoe models: Equipment, Accessories & Interior

Renault now lets you buy out the battery lease
an
Renault ZOE battery upgrade conditions.

Renault Zoe ZE 40 battery details
{{Renault Production electric cars Electric city cars Cars introduced in 2012 2010s cars Euro NCAP superminis