Renata Scotto (born 24 February 1934) is an Italian soprano and

opera director Crossbreed is an American industrial metal band from Clearwater, Florida, United States, formed in 1996. They were signed with Artemis Records before being dropped from the label in 2003. The band released two EPs and three full-length albums b ...

. Recognized for her sense of style, her musicality, and as a remarkable singer-actress, Scotto is considered one of the preeminent singers of her generation. Since retiring from the stage as a singer in 2002, she has turned successfully to directing opera as well as teaching in Italy and America, along with academic posts at the

Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia The Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia ( en, National Academy of St Cecilia) is one of the oldest musical institutions in the world, founded by the papal bull ''Ratione congruit'', issued by Sixtus V in 1585, which invoked two saints pro ...

in Rome and the

Juilliard School The Juilliard School ( ) is a private performing arts conservatory in New York City. Established in 1905, the school trains about 850 undergraduate and graduate students in dance, drama, and music. It is widely regarded as one of the most elit ...

in New York.

Singing career

Renata Scotto was born in

Savona, Italy Savona (; lij, Sann-a ) is a seaport and ''comune'' in the west part of the northern Italy, Italian region of Liguria, capital of the Province of Savona, in the Riviera di Ponente on the Mediterranean Sea. Savona used to be one of the chie ...

. She made her operatic debut in her home town on Christmas Eve of 1952 at the age of 18 in front of a sold-out house as Violetta in Verdi's '' La traviata''.The next day, she made her 'official' opera debut at the Teatro Nuovo in

Milan Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city h ...

as Violetta. Shortly after, she performed in her first

Puccini Giacomo Puccini ( Lucca, 22 December 1858Bruxelles, 29 November 1924) was an Italian composer known primarily for his operas. Regarded as the greatest and most successful proponent of Italian opera after Verdi, he was descended from a long ...

opera, '' Madama Butterfly'', in Savona and was paid twenty-five thousand lire. Both roles would later become closely associated with her name. In 1953, Scotto auditioned at La Scala for the role of Walter in Catalani's '' La Wally'' with Renata Tebaldi and Mario del Monaco. After her audition, one of the judges, the conductor

Victor de Sabata Victor de Sabata (10 April 1892 – 11 December 1967) was an Italian conductor and composer. He is widely recognized as one of the most distinguished operatic conductors of the twentieth century, especially for his Verdi, Puccini and Wagner. D ...

, was heard to say, "Forget about the rest." ''La Wally'' opened on 7 December 1953 and Scotto was called back for fifteen curtain calls. Tebaldi and Del Monaco each received seven. Scotto's major breakthrough came in 1957: At the

Edinburgh Festival __NOTOC__ This is a list of arts and cultural festivals regularly taking place in Edinburgh, Scotland. The city has become known for its festivals since the establishment in 1947 of the Edinburgh International Festival and the Edinburgh Fe ...

, La Scala performed their production of Bellini's ''

La Sonnambula ''La sonnambula'' (''The Sleepwalker'') is an opera semiseria in two acts, with music in the ''bel canto'' tradition by Vincenzo Bellini set to an Italian libretto by Felice Romani, based on a scenario for a ''ballet-pantomime'' written by Eu ...

'' with

Maria Meneghini Callas Maria Callas . (born Sophie Cecilia Kalos; December 2, 1923 – September 16, 1977) was an American-born Greek soprano who was one of the most renowned and influential opera singers of the 20th century. Many critics praised her '' bel ca ...

as Amina. The production was so successful that the company added an unscheduled fifth performance. Callas, who was under contract for four performances, declined to perform in the added performance but allowed the La Scala management, who had announced her for the fifth performance without her consent, to explain her departure from the festival as being due to illness. Scotto, covering the role of Amina, sang the role on 3 September 1957. The performance was a great success, and the 23-year-old Scotto became an international opera star. In 1961 she performed Amina again at Venice's La Fenice with tenor

Alfredo Kraus Alfredo Kraus Trujillo (; 24 November 192710 September 1999) was a distinguished Spanish tenor from the Canary islands (known professionally as Alfredo Kraus), particularly known for the artistry he brought to opera's bel canto roles. He wa ...

with whom she shared the same teacher,

Mercedes Llopart Mercedes Llopart (1895 – 2 September 1970) was a Spanish soprano who later became a notable singing teacher in Italy. Mercedes Llopart studied in her native Barcelona and made her operatic debut there in 1915. She then went to Italy where s ...

, and a long professional association. During the 1960s she became one of the leading singers in the

belcanto Bel canto (Italian for "beautiful singing" or "beautiful song", )—with several similar constructions (''bellezze del canto'', ''bell'arte del canto'')—is a term with several meanings that relate to Italian singing. The phrase was not associat ...

revival initiated by Callas during the 1950s. She sang Bellini's '' Zaira'' and ''

La straniera ''La straniera'' (''The Foreign Woman'') is an opera in two acts with music by Vincenzo Bellini to an Italian libretto by Felice Romani, based on the novel ''L'Étrangère'' (2 vols, 1825) by Charles-Victor Prévot, vicomte d'Arlincourt, although ...

'', plus Giulietta in Bellini's ''

I Capuleti e i Montecchi ''I Capuleti e i Montecchi'' (''The Capulets and the Montagues'') is an Italian opera (''Tragedia lirica'') in two acts by Vincenzo Bellini. The libretto by Felice Romani was a reworking of the story of ''Romeo and Juliet'' for an opera by Nicol ...

'', Donizetti's '' Maria di Rohan'', Meyerbeer's ''

Robert le Diable ''Robert le diable'' (''Robert the Devil'') is an opera in five acts composed by Giacomo Meyerbeer between 1827 and 1831, to a libretto written by Eugène Scribe and Germain Delavigne. ''Robert le diable'' is regarded as one of the first grand o ...

'' (in Italian) and other repertoire rarities. In 1964 she performed with La Scala at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow, the first opera company tour to the Soviet Union during the Cold War years. Her American debut was as Mimì in ''La bohème'' at the

Lyric Opera of Chicago Lyric Opera of Chicago is one of the leading opera companies in the United States. It was founded in Chicago in 1954, under the name 'Lyric Theatre of Chicago' by Carol Fox, Nicola Rescigno and Lawrence Kelly, with a season that included Maria ...

in 1960, the same year she married violinist Lorenzo Anselmi. The couple have a daughter and a son. On 13 October 1965, Scotto made her

Metropolitan Opera The Metropolitan Opera (commonly known as the Met) is an American opera company based in New York City, resident at the Metropolitan Opera House at Lincoln Center, currently situated on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. The company is oper ...

debut as Cio-Cio-San in ''Madama Butterfly''. She went on to sing more than 300 performances in 26 roles at the Met through 1987 and settled to live with her family in nearby

Westchester County Westchester County is located in the U.S. state of New York. It is the seventh most populous county in the State of New York and the most populous north of New York City. According to the 2020 United States Census, the county had a population ...

. With Luciano Pavarotti she opened the series of Live from the Met telecasts in 1977 with Puccini's ''La bohème''. During the following years she starred in the telecasts of ''

Manon Lescaut ''The Story of the Chevalier des Grieux and Manon Lescaut'' ( ) is a novel by Antoine François Prévost. Published in 1731, it is the seventh and final volume of ''Mémoires et aventures d'un homme de qualité'' (''Memoirs and Adventures of a Ma ...

'', ''

Luisa Miller ''Luisa Miller'' is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Salvadore Cammarano, based on the play ''Kabale und Liebe'' (''Intrigue and Love'') by the German dramatist Friedrich von Schiller. Verdi's initial idea for ...

'', ''

Don Carlo ''Don Carlos'' is a five-act grand opera composed by Giuseppe Verdi to a French-language libretto by Joseph Méry and Camille du Locle, based on the dramatic play '' Don Carlos, Infant von Spanien'' (''Don Carlos, Infante of Spain'') by Friedr ...

'', ''

Il trittico ''Il trittico'' (''The Triptych'') is the title of a collection of three one-act operas, ''Il tabarro'', '' Suor Angelica'', and '' Gianni Schicchi'', by Giacomo Puccini. The work received its world premiere at the Metropolitan Opera on 14 Decemb ...

'', '' Francesca da Rimini'' and as Desdemona with

Jon Vickers Jonathan Stewart Vickers, (October 29, 1926 – July 10, 2015), known professionally as Jon Vickers, was a Canadian heldentenor. Born in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, he was the sixth in a family of eight children. In 1950, he was awarded a ...

in Verdi's '' Otello''. She also sang regularly at the

San Francisco Opera San Francisco Opera (SFO) is an American opera company founded in 1923 by Gaetano Merola (1881–1953) based in San Francisco, California. History Gaetano Merola (1923–1953) Merola's road to prominence in the Bay Area began in 1906 when h ...

; Chicago Lyric Opera;

Dallas Opera The Dallas Opera is an American opera company located in Dallas, Texas. The company performs at the Margot and Bill Winspear Opera House, one venue of the AT&T Performing Arts Center. History The company was founded in 1957 as the Dallas Civi ...

; Royal Opera, London; Liceo, Barcelona; La Fenice, Venice; and

Teatro Colón The Teatro Colón (Spanish: ''Columbus Theatre'') is the main opera house in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is considered one of the ten best opera houses in the world by National Geographic. According to a survey carried out by the acousti ...

Buenos Aires Buenos Aires ( or ; ), officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires ( es, link=no, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), is the capital and primate city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the Río de la Plata, on South ...

. In addition she appeared in Madrid,

Genoa Genoa ( ; it, Genova ; lij, Zêna ). is the capital of the Italian region of Liguria and the sixth-largest city in Italy. In 2015, 594,733 people lived within the city's administrative limits. As of the 2011 Italian census, the Province of ...

Florence Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany Regions of Italy, region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilan ...

Bologna Bologna (, , ; egl, label=Emilian language, Emilian, Bulåggna ; lat, Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in Northern Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy with about 400,000 inhabitants and 1 ...

Trieste Trieste ( , ; sl, Trst ; german: Triest ) is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is the capital city, and largest city, of the autonomous region of Friuli Venezia Giulia, one of two autonomous regions which are not subdivided into prov ...

, Palermo, Roma, Berlin, Paris,

Miami Miami ( ), officially the City of Miami, known as "the 305", "The Magic City", and "Gateway to the Americas", is a coastal metropolis and the county seat of Miami-Dade County in South Florida, United States. With a population of 442,241 at ...

, Tokyo, Pittsburgh, and

Osaka is a designated city in the Kansai region of Honshu in Japan. It is the capital of and most populous city in Osaka Prefecture, and the third most populous city in Japan, following Special wards of Tokyo and Yokohama. With a population of ...

among others. For more than 40 years, Scotto performed in operas written by 18 composers and her repertoire included some forty-five roles. She is best known for her performances as Violetta in ''La traviata'', Gilda in ''

Rigoletto ''Rigoletto'' is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi. The Italian libretto was written by Francesco Maria Piave based on the 1832 play '' Le roi s'amuse'' by Victor Hugo. Despite serious initial problems with the Austrian censors who had co ...

'', Cio-Cio-San in ''Madama Butterfly'', Mimì (and occasionally Musetta) in ''

La bohème ''La bohème'' (; ) is an opera in four acts,Puccini called the divisions '' quadri'', '' tableaux'' or "images", rather than ''atti'' (acts). composed by Giacomo Puccini between 1893 and 1895 to an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giusep ...

'', Lucia in ''

Lucia di Lammermoor ''Lucia di Lammermoor'' () is a (tragic opera) in three acts by Italian composer Gaetano Donizetti. Salvadore Cammarano wrote the Italian-language libretto loosely based upon Sir Walter Scott's 1819 historical novel '' The Bride of Lammermoo ...

'', Adina in '' L'elisir d'amore'', Liù in ''

Turandot ''Turandot'' (; see below) is an opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini, posthumously completed by Franco Alfano in 1926, and set to a libretto in Italian by Giuseppe Adami and Renato Simoni. ''Turandot'' best-known aria is " Nessun dorma", ...

'', Nedda in '' Pagliacci'', all three leading soprano roles in Puccini's ''

'', '' Adriana Lecouvreur'', and Francesca in

Zandonai Riccardo Zandonai (28 May 1883 – 5 June 1944) was an Italian composer. Biography Zandonai was born in Borgo Sacco, Rovereto, then part of Austria-Hungary. As a young man, he showed such an aptitude for music that he entered the Pesaro Conse ...

's ''Francesca da Rimini.'' She also had success at the Met in

Meyerbeer Giacomo Meyerbeer (born Jakob Liebmann Beer; 5 September 1791 – 2 May 1864) was a German opera composer, "the most frequently performed opera composer during the nineteenth century, linking Mozart and Wagner". With his 1831 opera ''Robert le d ...

's ''

Le prophète ''Le prophète'' (''The Prophet'') is a grand opera in five acts by Giacomo Meyerbeer, which was premiered in Paris on 16 April 1849. The French-language libretto was by Eugène Scribe and Émile Deschamps, after passages from the ''Essay on the ...

'',

Ponchielli Amilcare Ponchielli (, ; 31 August 1834 – 16 January 1886) was an Italian opera composer, best known for his opera ''La Gioconda''. He was married to the soprano Teresina Brambilla. Life and work Born in Paderno Fasolaro (now Paderno Ponchiel ...

's '' La gioconda'', as Vitellia in Mozart's ''

La clemenza di Tito ' (''The Clemency of Titus''), K. 621, is an ''opera seria'' in two acts composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart to an Italian libretto by Caterino Mazzolà, after Pietro Metastasio. It was started after most of ' (''The Magic Flute''), the last o ...

''. Moving into the heavier

Verdi Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi (; 9 or 10 October 1813 – 27 January 1901) was an Italian composer best known for his operas. He was born near Busseto to a provincial family of moderate means, receiving a musical education with the h ...

repertoire in the 1970s, she sang Elisabetta in ''

'', ''

'', Lady Macbeth, Leonora in ''

Il trovatore ''Il trovatore'' ('The Troubadour') is an opera in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto largely written by Salvadore Cammarano, based on the play ''El trovador'' (1836) by Antonio García Gutiérrez. It was García Gutiérrez's mos ...

'' and the '' Requiem'', all under the baton of the Met's music director James Levine. In the late part of her career, Scotto took on the roles of '' Fedora'' (Barcelona, 1988), Charlotte in

Massenet Jules Émile Frédéric Massenet (; 12 May 1842 – 13 August 1912) was a French composer of the Romantic music, Romantic era best known for his operas, of which he wrote more than thirty. The two most frequently staged are ''Manon'' (1884) ...

's ''

Werther ''Werther'' is an opera (''drame lyrique'') in four acts by Jules Massenet to a French libretto by Édouard Blau, Paul Milliet and Georges Hartmann (who used the pseudonym Henri Grémont). It is loosely based on Goethe's epistolary novel '' Th ...

'', the Marschallin in ''

Der Rosenkavalier (''The Knight of the Rose'' or ''The Rose-Bearer''), Op. 59, is a comic opera in three acts by Richard Strauss to an original German libretto by Hugo von Hofmannsthal. It is loosely adapted from the novel ''Les amours du chevalier de Faublas'' ...

'' (Charleston

Spoleto Festival The ''Festival dei Due Mondi'' (Festival of the Two Worlds) is an annual summer music and opera festival held each June to early July in Spoleto, Italy, since its founding by composer Gian Carlo Menotti in 1958. It features a vast array of conce ...

, 1995 and Catania), Kundry in ''

Parsifal ''Parsifal'' ( WWV 111) is an opera or a music drama in three acts by the German composer Richard Wagner and his last composition. Wagner's own libretto for the work is loosely based on the 13th-century Middle High German epic poem ''Parzival ...

'' (Schwerin, 1995), Elle in ''

La voix humaine ' (English: ''The Human Voice'') is a forty-minute, one-act opera for soprano and orchestra composed by Francis Poulenc in 1958. The work is based on the play of the same name by Jean Cocteau, who, along with French soprano Denise Duval, worked ...

'' (Florence, 1993; Amsterdam and Barcelona, 1996; Torino, 1999), Madame Flora in ''

The Medium ''The Medium'' is a short (one-hour-long) two-act dramatic opera with words and music by Gian Carlo Menotti. Commissioned by the Alice M. Ditson Fund at Columbia University, its first performance was there on 8 May 1946. The opera's first profes ...

'' (Torino, 1999) and Klytemnestra in '' Elektra'' (Baltimore, 2000 and Sevilla, 2002). Her later concert appearances included Berlioz's '' Les nuits d'été'', Lieder of

Mahler Gustav Mahler (; 7 July 1860 – 18 May 1911) was an Austro-Bohemian Romantic composer, and one of the leading conductors of his generation. As a composer he acted as a bridge between the 19th-century Austro-German tradition and the modernism ...

and

Strauss Strauss, Strauß or Straus is a common Germanic surname. Outside Germany and Austria ''Strauß'' is always spelled ''Strauss'' (the letter " ß" is not used in the German-speaking part of Switzerland). In classical music, "Strauss" usually re ...

, as well as Schoenberg's ''

Erwartung ' (''Expectation''), Op. 17, is a one-act monodrama in four scenes by Arnold Schoenberg to a libretto by . Composed in 1909, it was not premiered until 6 June 1924 in Prague conducted by Alexander Zemlinsky with Marie Gutheil-Schoder as the sop ...

'' with the Accademia di Santa Cecilia Orchestra and RAI Orchestra of Torino.

As stage director

Scotto's director credits include: ''Madama Butterfly'' (Metropolitan Opera, Arena di Verona, Florida Grand Opera, Palm Beach Opera); Bellini's ''

Il pirata ''Il pirata'' (''The Pirate'') is an opera in two acts by Vincenzo Bellini with an Italian libretto by Felice Romani which was based on a three-act '' mélodrame ''from 1826: ''Bertram, ou le Pirate'' (''Bertram, or The Pirate'') by Charles Nod ...

'' (Festival Belliniano, Catania, 1993) and ''La sonnambula'' (Catania, 1994); an Emmy Award-winning telecast of ''La traviata'' (New York City Opera, 1995); ''Norma'' (Finnish National Opera); ''Adriana Lecouvreur'' (Santiago, 2002); ''Lucia di Lammermoor'' (Music Hall of Thessaloniki, 2004); ''La Wally'' (Dallas, Bern); ''La bohème'' (Lyric Opera of Chicago, 2007 and Palm Beach Opera, 2009); ''Turandot'' (Athens, 2009); ''La sonnambula'' (Miami and

Michigan Opera Theatre Detroit Opera is the principal opera company in Michigan, USA. The company is based in Detroit, where it performs in the Detroit Opera House. Prior to February 28, 2022, the company was named the Michigan Opera Theatre. Each year it presents an op ...

, 2008), and ''Un ballo in maschera'' (Lyric Opera of Chicago, 2010). In February 2008, Scotto hosted an artists' roundtable during the intermission of the Met broadcast of Cilea's '' Adriana Lecouvreur'' and in 2009 she returned for another round-table with

Natalie Dessay Natalie Dessay (; born 19 April 1965) is a French singer, known for her former career as an operatic soprano. She gained wide recognition after her portrayal of Olympia in ''The Tales of Hoffmann'' in 1992, and then performing at leading stages, ...

and Juan Diego Florez.

Honors

* 2007 – Recipient of the Opera News Award by the Metropolitan Opera Guild. * 2009 – Opera Tampa's Anton Coppola Award for Excellence in the Arts. * 2009 –

Honorary doctorate An honorary degree is an academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding institution) has waived all of the usual requirements. It is also known by the Latin phrases ''honoris causa'' ("for the sake of the honour") or ''ad hon ...

by The Juilliard School. * She won two Emmys, for the telecast of ''La Gioconda'' and her direction of ''La traviata'' from NYCO. * Award ''Franco Albiatti della Critica Italiana''. *

Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung The ''Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung'' (; ''FAZ''; "''Frankfurt General Newspaper''") is a centre-right conservative-liberal and liberal-conservativeHans Magnus Enzensberger: Alter Wein in neuen Schläuchen' (in German). ''Deutschland Radio'', ...

award for her interpretation of the Marschallin in ''

''.

Commercial Discography (abridged)

* Bellini: ''Norma'' (Troyanos, Giacomini, Plishka; Levine, 1979)

CBS CBS Broadcasting Inc., commonly shortened to CBS, the abbreviation of its former legal name Columbia Broadcasting System, is an American commercial broadcast television and radio network serving as the flagship property of the CBS Entertainm ...

* Cherubini: ''Médée'' n Italian(Callas, Pirazzini, Picchi; Serafin, 1957) Ricordi/Mercury * Cilea: ''Adriana Lecouvreur'' (Obratzsova, Domingo, Milnes; Levine, 1977) CBS * Donizetti: ''Anna Bolena'' (Marsee, Ramey; Rudel, 1975) iveOpera Depot * Donizetti: ''Lucia di Lammermoor'' (di Stefano, Bastianini; Sanzogno, 1959)

Deutsche Grammophon Deutsche Grammophon (; DGG) is a German classical music record label that was the precursor of the corporation PolyGram. Headquartered in Berlin Friedrichshain, it is now part of Universal Music Group (UMG) since its merger with the UMG family of ...

* Giordano: ''Andrea Chénier'' (Domingo, Milnes; Levine, 1976)

RCA The RCA Corporation was a major American electronics company, which was founded as the Radio Corporation of America in 1919. It was initially a patent trust owned by General Electric (GE), Westinghouse, AT&T Corporation and United Fruit Comp ...

* Leoncavallo: ''Pagliacci'' (Carreras, Nurmela, Allen; Muti, 1978)

EMI EMI Group Limited (originally an initialism for Electric and Musical Industries, also referred to as EMI Records Ltd. or simply EMI) was a British Transnational corporation, transnational Conglomerate (company), conglomerate founded in March 1 ...

* Mascagni: ''Cavalleria rusticana'' (Domingo, Elvíra; Levine, 1978) RCA * Meyerbeer: ''Le prophète'' (Horne, McCracken, Hines; Lewis, 1976) CBS * Pergolesi: ''La serva padrona'' (Bruscantini; Fasano, p.1960) Ricordi/Mercury * Puccini: ''La bohème'' (Meneguzzer, Poggi, Gobbi; Votto, 1961) Deutsche Grammophon * Puccini: ''La bohème'' (Neblett, Kraus, Milnes, Manuguerra, Plishka; Levine, 1979) EMI * Puccini: ''Edgar'' (Killebrew, Bergonzi, Sardinero; Queler, 1977) iveCBS * Puccini: ''Madama Butterfly'' (Bergonzi; Barbirolli, 1966) EMI * Puccini: ''Madama Butterfly'' (Knight, Domingo, Wixell; Maazel, 1978) CBS * Puccini: ''Suor Angelica'' (Cotrubaș, Horne; Maazel, 1976) CBS * Puccini: ''Il tabarro'' (Knight, Domingo, Gobbi; Maazel, 1977) CBS * Puccini: ''Tosca'' (Domingo, Bruson; Levine, 1980) EMI * Puccini: ''Turandot'' (Nilsson, Corelli; Molinari-Pradelli, 1965) EMI * Puccini: ''Le villi'' (Domingo, Nucci, Gobbi; Maazel, 1979) CBS * Refice: ''Cecilia'' bridged(Theyard; Campori, 1976) iveVAI * Respighi: ''Il tramonto'' (Fulton, 1982) Vox * Verdi: Arias (Gavazzeni, 1975) CBS * Verdi: Arias (Fulton, 1983) Hungaroton * Verdi: Complete Songs (Washington, Scalera, 1989) iveNuovo Era * Verdi: ''Nabucco'' (Luchetti, Manuguerra, Ghiaurov; Muti, 1977–78) EMI * Verdi: ''Otello'' (Domingo, Milnes; Levine, 1978) RCA * Verdi: Requiem (Baltsa, Luchetti, Nesterenko; Muti, 1978) EMI * Verdi: ''Rigoletto'' (Kraus, Bastianini; Gavazzeni, 1960) Deutsche Grammophon * Verdi: ''Rigoletto'' (Cossotto, Bergonzi, Fischer-Dieskau; Kubelík, 1964) Deutsche Grammophon * Verdi: ''La traviata'' (G.Raimondi, Bastianini; Votto, 1962) Deutsche Grammophon * Verdi: ''La traviata'' (Kraus, Bruson; Muti, 1980) EMI * Wolf-Ferrari: ''Il segreto di Susanna'' (Bruson; Pritchard, 1980) CBS * "Christmas with Renata Scotto at St Patrick's Cathedral" (Grady; Anselmi, 1981) RCA/VAI * "French Arias" (Rosekrans, 1987) Hungaroton * "The French Album--II (Rosekrans, 1988) Hungaroton * "In Duet" (Freni; Anselmi/Magiera, 1978) Decca * "Italian Opera Arias" (Gavazzeni, 1974) CBS * "Live in Paris" (I.Davis, 1983) Etcetera ive* "Romantic Opera Duets" (Domingo; Adler, 1978) CBS * "Serenata" (Atkins, ''c''.1977) CBS

Commercial Videography (abridged)

* Massenet: ''Werther'' (Kraus, Sardinero; Guingal, De Tomasi, 1987) ive* Puccini: ''La bohème'' s Mimì(Niska, Pavarotti, Wixell, Plishka, Tajo; Levine, Melano, 1977) ive* Puccini: ''La bohème'' s Musetta(Stratas, Carreras, Stilwell, Morris; Levine, Zeffirelli, 1982) ive* Puccini: ''Manon Lescaut'' (Domingo, Elvíra, Capecchi; Levine, Menotti, 1980) ive* Puccini: ''Il trittico'' (Norden, Taillon, Moldoveanu, Creech, MacNeil, Bacquier; Levine, Melano, 1981) ive* Verdi: ''Don Carlos'' n Italian(Troyanos, Moldoveanu, Milnes, Plishka, Hines; Levine, Dexter, 1980) ive* Verdi: ''Luisa Miller'' (Kraft, Domingo, Milnes, Giaiotti, Morris; Levine, Merrill, 1979) ive* Verdi: ''Otello'' (Vickers, MacNeil; Levine, Zeffirelli, 1978) ive* Zandonai: ''Francesca da Rimini'' (Rom, Domingo, MacNeil, Levine, Faggioni, 1984) ive * "Live in Budapest" (Lukács, 1991) ive* Tokyo Recital (Fulton, 1984) ive

References

* ''Scotto: More Than a Diva'' by Renata Scotto and Octavio Roca, Doubleday & Company, Inc, 1984. *

Konrad Dryden Konrad Claude Dryden (born September 13, 1963) is an American author who has written extensively on Italian opera, particularly about the movement known as Verismo. Lineage Dryden is the son of a British father, Kenneth Dryden (an RAF pilot ...

: ''Riccardo Zandonai, A Biography'', Foreword by Renata Scotto, Peter Lang Inc, 1999.

External links

Interview with Renata Scotto
January 21, 1988.
Career assessment by Brian Kellow for Opera News Award 2007Opera studio Accademia Nazionale Santa Cecilia Rome
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Scotto, Renata 1934 births Living people People from Savona Italian operatic sopranos Emmy Award winners Italian opera directors Female opera directors Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia faculty Juilliard School faculty 20th-century Italian women opera singers Women music educators Commandeurs of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres