Remo Ruffini
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Remo Ruffini (born May 17, 1942,
La Brigue La Brigue (; lij, Briga; oc, La Briga; it, Briga Marittima) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France. La Brigue became part of France after World War II, when Italy was forced to hand it over in September 1947 ...
,
Alpes-Maritimes Alpes-Maritimes (; oc, Aups Maritims; it, Alpi Marittime, "Maritime Alps") is a department of France located in the country's southeast corner, on the Italian border and Mediterranean coast. Part of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, it ...
, at that time, Briga Marittima, Italy). He is the Director of ICRANet, International Centre for Relativistic Astrophysics Network and the President of the International Centre for Relativistic Astrophysics (ICRA). Ruffini initiated the International Relativistic Astrophysics PhD (IRAP PhD), a common graduate school program of several universities and research institutes for the education of theoretical astrophysicists. He is the Director of the Erasmus Mundus IRAP PhD program (IRAP Ph D Erasmus Mundus). He has been Professor of Theoretical Physics at the University of Rome "Sapienza" from 1978 to 2012.


Biography

After his degree in 1966 in
Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...
, he was post-doctoral fellow at the Mainz Academy of Sciences working with
Pascual Jordan Ernst Pascual Jordan (; 18 October 1902 – 31 July 1980) was a German theoretical and mathematical physicist who made significant contributions to quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. He contributed much to the mathematical form of matri ...
, in Germany. Then, he was post-doctoral fellow with
John Archibald Wheeler John Archibald Wheeler (July 9, 1911April 13, 2008) was an American theoretical physicist. He was largely responsible for reviving interest in general relativity in the United States after World War II. Wheeler also worked with Niels Bohr in e ...
and Member of the
Institute for Advanced Study The Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), located in Princeton, New Jersey, in the United States, is an independent center for theoretical research and intellectual inquiry. It has served as the academic home of internationally preeminent scholar ...
in Princeton and later became instructor and assistant professor at
Princeton University Princeton University is a private university, private research university in Princeton, New Jersey. Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth, New Jersey, Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey, Princeton is the List of Colonial Colleges, fourth-oldest ins ...
. In 1975, he was visiting Professor at the Universities of Kyoto (Japan) and of Western Australia, Perth. In the years 1975–78, he cooperated with NASA being member of the task force on the scientific use of space stations. In 1976 he became Professor of Theoretical Physics at the
University of Catania The University of Catania ( it, Università degli Studi di Catania) is a university located in Catania, Sicily. Founded in 1434, it is the oldest university in Sicily, the 13th oldest in Italy, and the 29th oldest university in the world. With a ...
and in 1978 he was appointed Professor at the University "Sapienza". In 1985, he was elected President of the
International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics ICRA, the International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics is an international research institute for relativistic astrophysics and related areas. Its members are seven Universities and four organizations. The center is located in Rome, Italy. ...
(ICRA). In 1984 he was cofounder, with
Abdus Salam Mohammad Abdus Salam Salam adopted the forename "Mohammad" in 1974 in response to the anti-Ahmadiyya decrees in Pakistan, similarly he grew his beard. (; ; 29 January 192621 November 1996) was a Punjabi Pakistani theoretical physicist and a ...
, of the Marcel Grossmann Meetings. In 1987, he became co-chairman of the Italian-Korean Meetings on Relativistic Astrophysics. In the years 1989–93, he was President of the Scientific Committee of the
Italian Space Agency The Italian Space Agency ( it, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; ASI) is a government agency established in 1988 to fund, regulate and coordinate space exploration activities in Italy. The agency cooperates with numerous national and international entit ...
. He is Editor of a variety of Scientific Journals. He is married to Anna Imponente and has a son, Iacopo. His theoretical work led to the concept of Boson Stars. His classic article with
John A. Wheeler John Archibald Wheeler (July 9, 1911April 13, 2008) was an American theoretical physicist. He was largely responsible for reviving interest in general relativity in the United States after World War II. Wheeler also worked with Niels Bohr in e ...
popularized the astrophysical concept of
Black Hole A black hole is a region of spacetime where gravitation, gravity is so strong that nothing, including light or other Electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetic waves, has enough energy to escape it. The theory of general relativity predicts t ...
. With
Demetrios Christodoulou Demetrios Christodoulou ( el, Δημήτριος Χριστοδούλου; born 19 October 1951) is a Greek mathematician and physicist, who first became well known for his proof, together with Sergiu Klainerman, of the nonlinear stability of the ...
he has given the formula for a Kerr-Newmann Black Hole endowed of charge, mass and angular momentum. His theoretical work led to the identification of the first
Black Holes A black hole is a region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing, including light or other electromagnetic waves, has enough energy to escape it. The theory of general relativity predicts that a sufficiently compact mass can def ...
in the
Milky Way Galaxy The Milky Way is the galaxy that includes our Solar System, with the name describing the galaxy's appearance from Earth: a hazy band of light seen in the night sky formed from stars that cannot be individually distinguished by the naked eye. ...
. Together with his student C. Rhoades, he established the absolute upper limit to the mass of neutron stars. With his student Robert Leach, he used such an upper limit for fixing the paradigm which enabled the identification of the first Black Hole in the Milky Way Galaxy, Cygnus X1, using the splendid data of the Uhuru satellite by
Riccardo Giacconi Riccardo Giacconi ( , ; October 6, 1931 – December 9, 2018) was an Italian-American Nobel Prize-winning astrophysicist who laid down the foundations of X-ray astronomy. He was a professor at the Johns Hopkins University. Biography Born in ...
and his group. For these works Ruffini won the A. Cressy Morrison Award of the
New York Academy of Sciences The New York Academy of Sciences (originally the Lyceum of Natural History) was founded in January 1817 as the Lyceum of Natural History. It is the fourth oldest scientific society in the United States. An independent, nonprofit organization wit ...
in 1972. With his students Calzetti, Giavalisco, Song and Taraglio, Ruffini developed the role of fractal structures in Cosmology. Together with his collaborator T. Damour, Ruffini suggested the applicability of the Heisenberg-Euler-Schwinger process of pair creation in Black Hole physics and identified the dyadosphere where these processes take place.
Gamma ray burst In gamma-ray astronomy, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are immensely energetic explosions that have been observed in distant galaxies. They are the most energetic and luminous electromagnetic events since the Big Bang. Bursts can last from ten milli ...
s (GRBs) seem to give the observational evidence of such pair creation process in astrophysics, prior to the observation of such phenomenon in Earth based experiments and represent the first evidence of the energy extraction process from Black Holes (the blackholic energy).


Books

He is co-author of 21 books, including: * R. Giacconi and R. Ruffini, ''Physics and Astrophysics of Neutron Stars and Black Holes'', LXXV E. Fermi Summer School, SIF and North Holland (1978); also translated into Russian * R. Giacconi and R. Ruffini, ''Physics and Astrophysics of Neutron Stars and Black Holes'' 2nd edition, Cambridge Scientific Publishers, Cambridge (2009) *R. Gursky and R. Ruffini, ''Neutron Stars, Black Holes and Binary X Ray Sources'', H. Reidel (1975) *H. Ohanian and R. Ruffini
''Gravitation and Spacetime''
W.W. Norton (1994); translated into Italian (Bologna: Zanichelli, 1997), Chinese (China Science Publishing, 2007) and Korean (Seoul: Shin Won, 2001) * Bardeen, et al., ''Black Holes'', Gordon & Breach (1973) * M. Rees, J.A. Wheeler and R. Ruffini, ''Black Holes, Gravitational Waves and Cosmology'', Gordon & Breach (1974) *H. Sato and R. Ruffini, ''Black Holes'', Tokyo (1976) * L.Z. Fang and R. Ruffini, ''Basic Concepts in Relativistic Astrophysics'', Beijing: Science Press (1981) *F. Melchiorri and R. Ruffini, ''Gamow Cosmology'', North Holland Pub. Co., (1986)


Awards

* A. Cressy Morrison Award, from the
New York Academy of Sciences The New York Academy of Sciences (originally the Lyceum of Natural History) was founded in January 1817 as the Lyceum of Natural History. It is the fourth oldest scientific society in the United States. An independent, nonprofit organization wit ...
(1972) * Alfred P. Sloan Fellow Foundation (1974) *Space Scientist of the Year (1992) *
Gravity Research Foundation The Gravity Research Foundation is an organization established in 1948 by businessman Roger Babson (founder of Babson College) to find ways to implement gravitational shielding. Over time, the foundation turned away from trying to block gravity ...
Award 1970, 1971, 2019


See also

*
Ergosphere file:Ergosphere_and_event_horizon_of_a_rotating_black_hole_(no_animation).gif, 300px, In the ergosphere (shown here in light gray), the component ''gtt'' is negative, i.e., acts like a purely spatial metric component. Consequently, timelike or ligh ...
*
Schrödinger–Newton equation The Schrödinger–Newton equation, sometimes referred to as the Newton–Schrödinger or Schrödinger–Poisson equation, is a nonlinear modification of the Schrödinger equation with a Newtonian gravitational potential, where the gravitational p ...


References


External links

*
web page Remo Ruffini

(Publications)

ICRANet



List of publications
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ruffini, Remo 1942 births Living people People from Alpes-Maritimes Italian relativity theorists Sapienza University of Rome alumni Academic staff of the Sapienza University of Rome Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars Fellows of the American Physical Society Sloan Research Fellows