Three different neurological syndromes carry the name of Ramsay Hunt syndrome. Their only connection is that they were all first documented by the famous

neurologist Neurology (from el, νεῦρον (neûron), "string, nerve" and the suffix -logia, "study of") is the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of conditions and disease involving the brain, the spinal c ...

James Ramsay Hunt (1872–1937). *

Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 1 Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 1 is a rare, degenerative, neurological disorder characterized by myoclonus epilepsy, intention tremor, progressive ataxia and occasionally cognitive impairment It has also been alternatively called , ''dyssynergia cere ...

, also called ''Ramsay Hunt cerebellar syndrome'', is a rare form of cerebellar degeneration which involves myoclonic epilepsy, progressive

ataxia Ataxia is a neurological sign consisting of lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements that can include gait abnormality, speech changes, and abnormalities in eye movements. Ataxia is a clinical manifestation indicating dysfunction of ...

tremor A tremor is an involuntary, somewhat rhythmic, muscle contraction and relaxation involving oscillations or twitching movements of one or more body parts. It is the most common of all involuntary movements and can affect the hands, arms, eyes, f ...

, and a dementing process. *

Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2 Inflammation of the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve is a late consequence of '' varicella zoster'' virus (VZV) known as Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS), commonly known as herpes zoster oticus. In regards with the frequency, less than 1% of var ...

is the reactivation of

herpes zoster Shingles, also known as zoster or herpes zoster, is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a localized area. Typically the rash occurs in a single, wide mark either on the left or right side of the body or fac ...

in the

geniculate ganglion The geniculate ganglion (from Latin ''genu'', for "knee") is a collection of pseudounipolar sensory neurons of the facial nerve located in the facial canal of the head. It receives fibers from the facial nerve. It sends fibers that supply the ...

. It is sometimes called herpes zoster oticus and has variable presentation which may include a lower motor neuron lesion of the facial nerve,

deafness Deafness has varying definitions in cultural and medical contexts. In medical contexts, the meaning of deafness is hearing loss that precludes a person from understanding spoken language, an audiological condition. In this context it is written ...

vertigo Vertigo is a condition where a person has the sensation of movement or of surrounding objects moving when they are not. Often it feels like a spinning or swaying movement. This may be associated with nausea, vomiting, sweating, or difficulties w ...

, and pain. A triad of ipsilateral facial paralysis, ear pain, and vesicles on the face, on the ear, or in the ear is the typical presentation. * Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 3 is a less commonly referenced condition, an occupationally induced

neuropathy Peripheral neuropathy, often shortened to neuropathy, is a general term describing disease affecting the peripheral nerves, meaning nerves beyond the brain and spinal cord. Damage to peripheral nerves may impair sensation, movement, gland, or o ...

of the deep palmar branch of the

ulnar nerve In human anatomy, the ulnar nerve is a nerve that runs near the ulna bone. The ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint is in relation with the ulnar nerve. The nerve is the largest in the human body unprotected by muscle or bone, so injury is ...

. It is also called ''Hunt's disease'' or ''artisan's palsy''.

References

{{Medical resources , ICD10 = B02.2+ G53.0* , ICD9 = , ICDO = , OMIM = , DiseasesDB = , MedlinePlus = , eMedicineSubj = article , eMedicineTopic = 1166804 , MeSH = , GeneReviewsNBK = , GeneReviewsName = , Orphanet = 3020 Neurological disorders Syndromes affecting the nervous system