Rezina is a district ( ro,

raion A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states. The term is used for both a type of subnational entity and a division of a city. The word is from the French (meaning 'honeycomb, department'), and is co ...

) in the east of

Moldova Moldova ( , ; ), officially the Republic of Moldova ( ro, Republica Moldova), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. The unrecognised state of Transnistr ...

, with the administrative center at

Rezina Rezina is a city in Moldova and the capital of Rezina District. Three villages are administered by the city: Boşerniţa, Ciorna and Stohnaia. Geography In the northeastern part of Moldova, as far as 98 km from Chișinău, the town of Rezin ...

. Rezina is situated on the western bank of the Nistru river. As of 1 January 2011, its population was 52,600.

History

The first

human Humans (''Homo sapiens'') are the most abundant and widespread species of primate, characterized by bipedalism and exceptional cognitive skills due to a large and complex brain. This has enabled the development of advanced tools, cultu ...

settlements on the territory of the district today appeared in the

Neolithic era The Neolithic period, or New Stone Age, is an Old World archaeological period and the final division of the Stone Age. It saw the Neolithic Revolution, a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several parts ...

(7th-5th millennium BC). Near villages

Solonceni Solonceni is a commune in Rezina District, Moldova. It is composed of two villages, Solonceni and Tarasova. In the 1990s, Solonceni operated a small trolleybus system using ZiU-9s hired from Moldova's capital city A capital city or capital i ...

, Echimăuţi and

Stohnaia Rezina is a city in Moldova and the capital of Rezina District. Three villages are administered by the city: Boşerniţa, Ciorna and Stohnaia. Geography In the northeastern part of Moldova, as far as 98 km from Chișinău, the town of Rezin ...

and found traces of the existence of territorial and cultural community of

families Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Ideal ...

of related

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confli ...

s. Fertile soil, suitable for cattle breeding and agriculture, water and forests bank, which is a good shelter, were elements that favored flat settlements in these places. Dacians inhabited these territories 2nd millennium BC - 5th century AD. 1st century BC Dacian leader

Burebista Burebista ( grc, Βυρεβίστας, Βοιρεβίστας) was the king of the Getae and Dacian tribes from 82/61BC to 45/44BC. He was the first king who successfully unified the tribes of the Dacian kingdom, which comprised the area loca ...

, unites dacian communities, forming a unitary Dacian state. This state called

Dacia Dacia (, ; ) was the land inhabited by the Dacians, its core in Transylvania, stretching to the Danube in the south, the Black Sea in the east, and the Tisza in the west. The Carpathian Mountains were located in the middle of Dacia. It ...

, included the present territory of Rezina district. In the 10th-12th centuries a

monastery A monastery is a building or complex of buildings comprising the domestic quarters and workplaces of monastics, monks or nuns, whether living in communities or alone ( hermits). A monastery generally includes a place reserved for prayer whi ...

was built near

Tipova Lalova is a commune in Rezina District, Moldova Moldova ( , ; ), officially the Republic of Moldova ( ro, Republica Moldova), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east ...

. The monastery is carved from a giant limestone rock and includes 18 caves, connected by internal passages. It is one of the most important buildings (

cave monastery A cave monastery is a monastery built in caves, with possible outside facilities. The 3rd-century monk St. Antony the Great, known as the founder of monasticism, lived in a cave. *Albania ** Qafthanë Cave Church, cave church near Urakë ** S ...

) on the banks of the Nistru river. District towns, with the earliest historical attestation are Horodiste and Pecişte documented during 1437–1466. The first evidence of

, a village

landlord A landlord is the owner of a house, apartment, condominium, land, or real estate which is rented or leased to an individual or business, who is called a tenant (also a ''lessee'' or ''renter''). When a juristic person is in this position, t ...

, we find a document of 5 February 1495 that prince of

Stephan the Great Stephen III of Moldavia, most commonly known as Stephen the Great ( ro, Ștefan cel Mare; ; died on 2 July 1504), was Voivode (or Prince) of Moldavia from 1457 to 1504. He was the son of and co-ruler with Bogdan II, who was murdered in 1451 i ...

, strengthens his Toader, Rezina village where he was Alexa Vataman, at the mouth of Rezina river purchased from his relatives, grandchildren of the great Negrea 70

Tatars The Tatars ()Tatar
in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different

zloty. In the 16th-18th centuries, further develop the region's economic, cultural and shows a marked increase in the population. In 1812 Treaty of Bucharest divides

Basarabia Bessarabia (; Gagauz: ''Besarabiya''; Romanian: ''Basarabia''; Ukrainian: ''Бессара́бія'') is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west. About two thirds of Be ...

from the Principality of Moldova, the first being ceded to Russia. In 1918 after the collapse of the Russian Empire, Basarabia decide union with the motherland Romania, during this period (1918–1944) district, is part of Orhei County. Basarabia is again busy this time of the

USSR The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...

after the Molotov-Ribbentrop Treaty. In 1991 as a result of the proclamation of

Independence of Moldova The independence of Moldova was officially recognized on 2 March 1992, when Moldova gained membership of the United Nations. The nation had declared its independence from the Soviet Union on 27 August 1991, and was a co-founder of the post-Soviet ...

, part of the Soroca County (1991–2003), and in 2003 became administrative unit of Moldova.

Geography

Small waterfall nearby saharna monastery

Rezina district is located in the central-eastern part of Moldova. Does neighborhood Şoldăneşti District in the north, to the east with

Rîbnița District The Rîbnița District ( ro, Raionul Rîbnița; russian: Рыбницкий район; uk, Рибницький район) is an administrative district of Transnistria (''de facto'') in Moldova (''de jure''). Its seat is the city of Rîbnița ...

, in south

Orhei District Orhei () is a district ( ro, raion) in central Moldova, with its administrative center in the city of Orhei. As of 2014 Moldovan Census its population was 101,502. History The Orhei region has been inhabited since the Stone Age. Settlement ...

and Teleneşti District in the west. District is located, Nistru Plateau, has a rugged terrain, with a strong

erosion Erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust, and then transports it to another location where it is deposited. Erosion is dis ...

process. Throughout the district, situated on the river Nistru, is very picturesque. Of particular interest has two nature reserves: Saharna (670 ha) and

(430 ha). Of rare beauty is Saharna river, forming small 22 waterfalls. Among the most impressive are "Gypsy Falls" with a height of 4 m and 6 m wide. Tipova nature reserve, covers the old

terrace Terrace may refer to: Landforms and construction * Fluvial terrace, a natural, flat surface that borders and lies above the floodplain of a stream or river * Terrace, a street suffix * Terrace, the portion of a lot between the public sidewalk an ...

s of the Nistru River and Tipova river valleys, which flows through the gorge, forming several waterfalls with a height of 10–16 m. District has

mineral resources Natural resources are resources that are drawn from nature and used with few modifications. This includes the sources of valued characteristics such as commercial and industrial use, aesthetic value, scientific interest and cultural value. O ...

like gravel, sand, clay, stone and raw material for

cement A cement is a binder, a chemical substance used for construction that sets, hardens, and adheres to other materials to bind them together. Cement is seldom used on its own, but rather to bind sand and gravel ( aggregate) together. Cement mi ...

Climate

District has a warm climate, temperate, climate influenced by the

Eastern Carpathians Divisions of the Carpathians are a categorization of the Carpathian mountains system. Below is a detailed overview of the major subdivisions and ranges of the Carpathian Mountains. The Carpathians are a "subsystem" of a bigger Alps-Himalaya Sy ...

and Ukrainian Plain. The average annual temperature in this area is between 8-9 c degrees, in winter -4-4.5 c, sometimes reaching -20-25 degrees, 35-40 degrees in summer. In the present climate of this area has become warmer than bank last century. The fact is explained, as is known, the evolution of warm climate in Western and Eastern Europe, the temperature change caused by different natural and human factors.

Fauna

Fauna are typical of Central Europe with:

fox Foxes are small to medium-sized, omnivorous mammals belonging to several genera of the family Canidae. They have a flattened skull, upright, triangular ears, a pointed, slightly upturned snout, and a long bushy tail (or ''brush''). Twelve sp ...

badger Badgers are short-legged omnivores in the family Mustelidae (which also includes the otters, wolverines, martens, minks, polecats, weasels, and ferrets). Badgers are a polyphyletic rather than a natural taxonomic grouping, being united by ...

raccoon dog The common raccoon dog (''Nyctereutes procyonoides''), also called the Chinese or Asian raccoon dog, is a small, heavy-set, fox-like canid native to East Asia. Named for its raccoon-like face markings, it is most closely related to foxes. Common ...

deer Deer or true deer are hoofed ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae. The two main groups of deer are the Cervinae, including the muntjac, the elk (wapiti), the red deer, and the fallow deer; and the Capreolinae, including the re ...

wild boar The wild boar (''Sus scrofa''), also known as the wild swine, common wild pig, Eurasian wild pig, or simply wild pig, is a suid native to much of Eurasia and North Africa, and has been introduced to the Americas and Oceania. The species is ...

, red wolf,

brown rat The brown rat (''Rattus norvegicus''), also known as the common rat, street rat, sewer rat, wharf rat, Hanover rat, Norway rat, Norwegian rat and Parisian rat, is a widespread species of common rat. One of the largest muroids, it is a brown o ...

, marten,

wild cat Felidae () is the family of mammals in the order Carnivora colloquially referred to as cats, and constitutes a clade. A member of this family is also called a felid (). The term "cat" refers both to felids in general and specifically to the dom ...

and others. Birds include: stork,

egret Egrets ( ) are herons, generally long-legged wading birds, that have white or buff plumage, developing fine plumes (usually milky white) during the breeding season. Egrets are not a biologically distinct group from herons and have the same build ...

, swan,

wild duck The wild duck is the non-domesticated ancestor of the domestic duck. Wild duck may refer to: * Mallard The mallard () or wild duck (''Anas platyrhynchos'') is a dabbling duck that breeds throughout the temperate and subtropical Americas, ...

, seagull, hawk, tits, raven,

nightingale The common nightingale, rufous nightingale or simply nightingale (''Luscinia megarhynchos''), is a small passerine bird best known for its powerful and beautiful song. It was formerly classed as a member of the thrush family Turdidae, but is no ...

eagle Eagle is the common name for many large birds of prey of the family Accipitridae. Eagles belong to several groups of genera, some of which are closely related. Most of the 68 species of eagle are from Eurasia and Africa. Outside this area, j ...

starling Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds in the family Sturnidae. The Sturnidae are named for the genus '' Sturnus'', which in turn comes from the Latin word for starling, ''sturnus''. Many Asian species, particularly the larger ones, ...

crow A crow is a bird of the genus '' Corvus'', or more broadly a synonym for all of ''Corvus''. Crows are generally black in colour. The word "crow" is used as part of the common name of many species. The related term "raven" is not pinned scientifica ...

and

owl Owls are birds from the order Strigiformes (), which includes over 200 species of mostly solitary and nocturnal birds of prey typified by an upright stance, a large, broad head, binocular vision, binaural hearing, sharp talons, and feathers a ...

Flora

Forests are composed of

oak An oak is a tree or shrub in the genus ''Quercus'' (; Latin "oak tree") of the beech family, Fagaceae. There are approximately 500 extant species of oaks. The common name "oak" also appears in the names of species in related genera, notably ''L ...

ash Ash or ashes are the solid remnants of fires. Specifically, ''ash'' refers to all non-aqueous, non- gaseous residues that remain after something burns. In analytical chemistry, to analyse the mineral and metal content of chemical samples, ash ...

, linden,

maple ''Acer'' () is a genus of trees and shrubs commonly known as maples. The genus is placed in the family Sapindaceae.Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008 nd more or less continuously updated since http ...

locust Locusts (derived from the Vulgar Latin ''locusta'', meaning grasshopper) are various species of short-horned grasshoppers in the family Acrididae that have a swarming phase. These insects are usually solitary, but under certain circumstanc ...

and others. Herbal vegetation of rocky limestone slopes features: fescue,

clover Clover or trefoil are common names for plants of the genus ''Trifolium'' (from Latin ''tres'' 'three' + ''folium'' 'leaf'), consisting of about 300 species of flowering plants in the legume or pea family Fabaceae originating in Europe. The genus ...

knotweed Knotweed is a common name for plants in several genera in the family Polygonaceae. Knotweed may refer to: * ''Fallopia'' * ''Persicaria'' * ''Polygonum'' * ''Reynoutria japonica ''Reynoutria japonica'', synonyms ''Fallopia japonica'' and ''Poly ...

, etc.

Rivers

District is located in the Nistru river basin, with its tributaries Saharna and Tipova, which crosses the district. In the district meet the waterfalls, springs and wells.

Administrative subdivisions

*Localities: 41 **Administrative center:

***Cities:

****Villages: 16 *****Communes: 24

Demographics

1 January 2012 the district population was 52,300 of which 25.1%

urban Urban means "related to a city". In that sense, the term may refer to: * Urban area, geographical area distinct from rural areas * Urban culture, the culture of towns and cities Urban may also refer to: General * Urban (name), a list of people ...

and 74.9%

rural In general, a rural area or a countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities. Typical rural areas have a low population density and small settlements. Agricultural areas and areas with forestry typically are descri ...

population. *Births (2010): 586 (11.1 per 1000) *Deaths (2010): 729 (13.8 per 1000) *Growth rate (2010): -143 (-2.7 per 1000)

Ethnic groups

''Footnote'': * There is an ongoing controversy regarding the ethnic identification of Moldovans and Romanians.

Religion

*Christians - 98.2% ** Orthodox Christians - 96.9% **

Protestant Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century against what its followers perceived to b ...

- 1.3% *** Baptists - 0.6% ***

Seventh-day Adventists The Seventh-day Adventist Church is an Adventist Protestant Christian denomination which is distinguished by its observance of Saturday, the seventh day of the week in the Christian (Gregorian) and the Hebrew calendar, as the Sabbath, and i ...

- 0.5% *** Evangelicals - 0.1% ***

Pentecostals Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestant Charismatic Christian movement

- 0.1% *Other - 0.8% *No Religion - 1.0%

Economy

In the district are 8264 registered entities, including the right person - 7645 including: individual enterprises - 578, peasant households - 7067, with the right of legal person - 19 (SRL, SA,

joint ventures A joint venture (JV) is a business entity created by two or more parties, generally characterized by shared ownership, shared returns and risks, and shared governance. Companies typically pursue joint ventures for one of four reasons: to access ...

). Share 34 461 ha is agricultural land (55.5%) of the total land surface.

Education

In Rezina district operates 41 educational institutions, including schools - 38 of which: 7 - 3235 students studying in high schools, 5 - middle schools with 2719 pupils, 20 - secondary schools with 2719 pupils, 6 -

primary schools A primary school (in Ireland, the United Kingdom, Australia, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, and South Africa), junior school (in Australia), elementary school or grade school (in North America and the Philippines) is a school for primary ed ...

with 102 students, 24 preschool - with 1474 children, 1 - professional schools with 242 students, 1 - auxiliary school with 164 children, 1 - music school with 70 children, 1 - 68 arts school children. Currently in educational institutions in the district operates 924 teachers.

Politics

Rezina is a larger district with this center-right parties. PCRM during the 2001-2009

election An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy has opera ...

had more than 50% of the vote is now in constant decay. District is one of the founding members of Euroregion Dniester. During the last three elections AEI had an increase of 74.8%

Elections

, - !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center colspan="2" valign=center, Parties and coalitions !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=Votes !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=% !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=+/− , - , , align=left,

Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova The Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova ( ro, Партидул Комуништилор дин Република Молдова, italic=no, Partidul Comuniștilor din Republica Moldova; russian: Партия коммунистов Р ...

, align="right", 9,631 , align="right", 39.40 , align="right", −9.43 , - , , align=left,

Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova The Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova ( ro, Partidul Liberal Democrat din Moldova, PLDM) is a conservatism, conservative List of political parties in Moldova, political party in Moldova. The party is led by Tudor Deliu. Until 2016, PLDM was led ...

, align="right", 6,797 , align="right", 27.81 , align="right", +8.57 , - , , align=left,

Democratic Party of Moldova The European Social Democratic Party ( ro, Partidul Social Democrat European, PSDE) is a centre-left, populist social-democratic political party in Moldova. Established in 1997, the party holds pro-European views, and is an associate member of th ...

, align="right", 3,588 , align="right", 14,68 , align="right", +3.24 , - , , align=left,

Liberal Party The Liberal Party is any of many political parties around the world. The meaning of ''liberal'' varies around the world, ranging from liberal conservatism on the right to social liberalism on the left. __TOC__ Active liberal parties This is a li ...

, align="right", 1,890 , align="right", 7.73 , align="right", −2.92 , - , bgcolor=#0033cc, , align=left,

European Action Movement Save Bessarabia Union ( ro, Uniunea Salvați Basarabia, USB), previously known as European Action Movement is a political party from Moldova. The party supportes the unification of Romania and Moldova. On 21 July 2019, the party changed its name f ...

, align="right", 841 , align="right", 3.44 , align="right", +3.44 , - , bgcolor="grey", , align=left, United Moldova , align="right", 304 , align="right", 1.24 , align="right", +1.24 , - , , align=left, Christian Democratic People's Party , align="right", 301 , align="right", 1.23 , align="right", −2.24 , - , , align=left,

Party Alliance Our Moldova The Our Moldova Alliance ( ro, Partidul Alianță Moldova Noastră, en, Party Alliance Our Moldova, AMN) was a social-liberal political party in Moldova led by Serafim Urechean, former mayor of Chișinău. It merged into the Liberal Democratic P ...

, align="right", 265 , align="right", 1.08 , align="right", −3.89 , - , bgcolor="grey", , align=left, Other Party , align="right", 834 , align="right", 3.39 , align="right", +1.99 , - , align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9" colspan="2", Total (turnout 62.03%) , width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 24,625 , width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 100.00 , width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9",

Culture

Works: Museums - 1, Public libraries - 36 homes and houses of culture - 35, Artistic education institutions - 3, Enable artistic - 116, 19 bands which holds the band model, institutions of social assistance are Section Social and Family Protection and nursing "Grandma's House."

Health

In district works: family medical center - one, the hospital district - one, the resort to emergency care - 1,

health center A healthcare center, health center, or community health center is one of a network of clinics staffed by a group of general practitioners and nurses providing healthcare services to people in a certain area. Typical services covered are family pr ...

- 5, family doctors' offices - 16, medical centers - 11, state

pharmacies Pharmacy is the science and practice of discovering, producing, preparing, dispensing, reviewing and monitoring medications, aiming to ensure the safe, effective, and affordable use of medicines. It is a miscellaneous science as it links healt ...

- 1, 28

pharmaceutical A medication (also called medicament, medicine, pharmaceutical drug, medicinal drug or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease. Drug therapy (pharmacotherapy) is an important part of the medical field an ...

kiosks, private pharmacies - 3 in town and four in villages. In the field of public health, the district operates 63 physicians.

Personalities

* Alexandru Cotruţă -

politician A politician is a person active in party politics, or a person holding or seeking an elected office in government. Politicians propose, support, reject and create laws that govern the land and by an extension of its people. Broadly speaking ...

* Joseph Rabinowitz - Lawyer, founder of the first

Jewish Christian Jewish Christians ( he, יהודים נוצרים, yehudim notzrim) were the followers of a Jewish religious sect that emerged in Judea during the late Second Temple period (first century AD). The Nazarene Jews integrated the belief of Jesus ...

congregation in

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...

Nicolae Checerul Cuş Nicolae may refer to: * Nicolae (name), a Romanian name * ''Nicolae'' (novel), a 1997 novel See also *Nicolai (disambiguation) *Nicolao Nicolao is an Italian given name and a surname. It may refer to the following: Given name *Nicolao Civitali ...

Politician A politician is a person active in party politics, or a person holding or seeking an elected office in government. Politicians propose, support, reject and create laws that govern the land and by an extension of its people. Broadly speaking ...

, member of the

Sfatul Țării ''Sfatul Țării'' ("Council of the Country"; ) was a council that united political, public, cultural, and professional organizations in the greater part of the territory of the guberniya, Governorate of Bessarabia in the disintegrating Russia ...

(1917–1918) *

Nicolae Josan Nicolae Josan (born 18 September 1983) is a Moldovan former footballer. Career In March 2015, Josan signed for FC Sakhalin Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. Honours * Russian First Division The Russian First League (russian: Первая лига, Perva ...

footballer A football player or footballer is a sportsperson who plays one of the different types of football. The main types of football are association football, American football, Canadian football, Australian rules football, Gaelic football, rugby ...

, currently evolving to

Anzhi Makhachkala Football Club Anzhi Makhachkala (russian: link=no, Футбо́льный клуб «Анжи́» Махачкала́, ), known simply as FC Anji, was a Russian professional football club based in the Dagestani capital of Makhachkala. Founded ...

References

{{Authority control Districts of Moldova