Rafael Celestino Benítez

Rear Admiral Rafael Celestino Benítez (March 9, 1917 – March 6, 1999) was a highly decorated American submarine commander who led the rescue effort of the crew members of the during the Cold War. After retiring from the navy, he was Pan American World Airways' vice president for Latin America. He taught international law for 16 years at the University of Miami School of Law, and served as associate dean, interim dean and director and founder of the foreign graduate law program. While there, he founded the comparative law LL.M. program, the inter-American law LL.M. program, and the ''Inter-American Law Review''. After his death, the university established a scholarship in his memory to benefit a foreign attorney who is enrolled in one of the Law School's LL.M. programs.

Early years

Benítez was born in Juncos, Puerto Rico, where he received his primary and secondary education. After he finished high school, he was accepted in the United States Naval Academy by appointment of the Honorable Santiago Iglesias, Puerto Rico's Resident Commissioner. He graduated from the academy in 1939 and was assigned to submarine duty.Naval History and Heritage Command
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World War II

During World War II, Benítez saw action aboard the submarines USS ''Dace'' (SS-247) and USS ''Grenadier'' (SS-210) and on various occasions weathered depth charge attacks. For his actions, he was awarded the Silver Star twice and the Bronze Star Medal.

He served as commanding officer (with the rank of lieutenant commander) of the submarine USS Halibut (SS-232) from February 15, 1945, to May 19, 1945. The Halibut was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for the halibut, a large species of flatfish. She was launched on December 3, 1941, and commissioned on April 10, 1942. The ''Halibut'' had an impressive war record, which included sinking 12 Japanese ships, but was damaged beyond reasonable repair on her tenth and final war patrol, which ended on December 1, 1944. Benítez's only mission as commander of the ''Halibut'' was to bring her from San Francisco to Portsmouth, New Hampshire, where she was decommissioned on July 18, 1945.

Post war

On January 29, 1946, Lieutenant Commander Benítez was given command of the . Benítez, inspired by his father who was a judge, attended Georgetown Law School and earned his law degree in June 1949.Sontag, ''Blind Man's Bluff''.

''Cochino'' incident

During the latter part of 1949, early in the Cold War Era, Benítez was given the command of the submarine USS ''Cochino''. On August 12, 1949, the ''Cochino'', along with the USS ''Tusk'', departed from the harbor of Portsmouth, England. Both diesel submarines were reported to be on a cold-water training mission. However, according to '' Blind Man's Bluff: The Untold Story of American Submarine Espionage'', the submarines – equipped with snorkels that allowed them to spend long periods underwater, largely invisible to an enemy, and with electronic gear designed to detect far-off radio signals – were part of an American intelligence operation.

The mission of the ''Cochino'' and ''Tusk'' was to eavesdrop on communications that revealed the testing of submarine-launched Soviet missiles that might soon carry nuclear warheads. This was the first American undersea spy mission of the cold war.

On August 25, one of the ''Cochinos 4,000-pound batteries caught fire, emitting hydrogen gas and smoke. Unable to receive any help from the ''Tusk'', Commander Benítez directed the firefighting. He ordered the ''Cochino'' to surface and had dozens of crew members lash themselves to the deck rails with ropes while others fought the blaze. Benítez tried to save his ship and at the same time save his men from the toxic gases. He realized that the winds were about to tear the ropes and ordered his men to form a pyramid on the ship's open bridge, which was designed to hold seven men.

The ''Cochino'' suffered two casualties, Lt. Cmdr. Richard M. Wright, who survived despite the fact that he was severely burned, and Robert Philo, a civilian sonar expert, who attempted to reach the ''Tusk'' on a raft to report on the conditions of the ''Cochino'', but was knocked overboard along with 11 of the ''Tusks crew members. As a result, Philo and six of the ''Tusk''s crew perished.

The ocean waters became calmer during the night and the ''Tusk'' was able to approach the ''Cochino''. All of the crew, with the exception of Commander Benítez, boarded the ''Tusk''. Finally, the crew members of the ''Tusk'' convinced Benítez to board the ''Tusk'', which he did two minutes before the ''Cochino'' sank off the coast of Norway.

Aftermath of the ''Cochino'' incident

According to the ''New York Times'' of April 5, 1997, "On September 20, 1949, the Soviet publication ''Red Fleet'' said the ''Cochino'' had been "not far from Murmansk" and suggested that it had been seeking military information. On September 23, President Harry S. Truman, confirming fears that had led to Commander Benitez's mission, announced that the Soviet Union had detonated its first nuclear device".

Late career

In 1952, Benítez was named chief of the United States naval mission to Cuba, a position which he held until 1954. In 1955, Benítez was given the command of the destroyer . The ''Waldron'' resumed normal operations along the East Coast and in the West Indies under his command after having completed a circumnavigation of the globe.

Post-Navy career

Benítez retired from the Navy in 1959 and was promoted to the rank of rear admiral as he had been decorated for heroism in combat.

He became Pan American World Airways' vice president for Latin America. He taught international law and was associate dean at the University of Miami Law School and dean of the university's graduate school of international studies. During his years at University of Miami Law School, Benítez founded the Graduate Program for Foreign Lawyers, now known as the LL.M. Program in Comparative Law. He also inaugurated the ''"Lawyer of the Americas"'' (the predecessor of the Inter-American Law Review) and started the Masters Program in Inter-American Law for U.S. Lawyers.

In 1978, he served as a board member of the US Foundation of the University of the Valley of Guatemala, located in Delaware. Benítez was also the author of ''Anchors'' (), a compilation of ethical and practical maxims, published in August 1996. On March 15, 2000, the University of Miami School of Law launched a Rafael C. Benítez Scholarship Fund to support the studies of foreign graduate students.

Benítez resided in Easton, Maryland, with his wife and three children, a son and two daughters. On March 6, 1999, he died at the Memorial Hospital located in Easton. He was buried with full military honors at Oxford Cemetery in Talbot County, Maryland.

Silver Star and Bronze Star citations

Awards and recognitions

Among Rear Admiral Benítez's decorations and medals were the following:

See also

*Hispanic Admirals in the United States Navy
* List of Puerto Ricans
*Puerto Ricans in World War II
*List of Puerto Rican military personnel
*Hispanics in the United States Navy
* Hispanics in the United States Naval Academy

References

Further reading

*"Puertorriquenos Who Served With Guts, Glory, and Honor. Fighting to Defend a Nation Not Completely Their Own"; by : Greg Boudonck; ;
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External links

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Benitez, Rafael Celestino
1917 births
1999 deaths
United States Navy personnel of World War II
People from Juncos, Puerto Rico
Puerto Rican academics
Puerto Rican military officers
Puerto Rican United States Navy personnel
Recipients of the Silver Star
University of Miami faculty
United States Naval Academy alumni
United States Navy rear admirals (upper half)
United States submarine commanders