RV Calypso

RV ''Calypso'' is a former British Royal Navy minesweeper converted into a research vessel for the oceanographic researcher Jacques Cousteau, equipped with a mobile laboratory for underwater field research. She was severely damaged in 1996 and was planned to undergo a complete refurbishment in 2009–2011. The ship is named after the Greek mythological figure Calypso.

World War II British minesweeper (1941–1947)

''Calypso'' was originally a minesweeper built by the Ballard Marine Railway Company of Seattle, Washington, United States for the United States Navy for loan to the British Royal Navy under lend-lease. A wooden-hulled vessel, she is built of Oregon pine.

She was a British yard minesweeper (BYMS) Mark 1 class motor minesweeper, laid down on 12 August 1941 with yard designation ''BYMS-26'' and launched on 21 March 1942. She was commissioned into the Royal Navy in February 1943 as HMS ''J-826'' and assigned to active service in the Mediterranean Sea, based in Malta, and was reclassified as BYMS-2026 in 1944. Following the end of World War II, she was decommissioned in July 1946 and laid up at Malta. On 1 August 1947 she was formally handed back to the US Navy and then struck from the US Naval Register, remaining in lay-up.

Maltese ferry (1949–1950)

In May 1949 she was bought by Joseph Gasan of Malta, who had secured the mail contract on the ferry route between Marfa, in the north of Malta, and Mġarr, Gozo in 1947. She was converted to a ferry and renamed ''Calypso G'' after the nymph Calypso, whose island of Ogygia was mythically associated with Gozo, entering service in March 1950. After only four months on the route, Gasan received an attractive offer and sold her.

Jacques Cousteau's ''Calypso'' (1950–1997)

The British millionaire and former Member of Parliament (MP), Thomas Loel Guinness bought ''Calypso'' in July 1950. He leased her to Cousteau for a symbolic one franc a year. He had two conditions: that Cousteau never ask him for money and that he never reveal his identity, which only came out after Cousteau's death. Cousteau restructured and transformed the ship into an expedition vessel and support base for diving, filming and oceanographic research. One of the more unusual expeditions involving the vessel was a survey of Abu Dhabi waters conducted by Cousteau on behalf of British Petroleum (BP) in 1954 the first and last time it was used for an oil survey.

''Calypso'' carried advanced equipment, including one- and two-man mini submarines developed by Cousteau, diving saucers, and underwater scooters. The ship was also fitted with a see-through "nose" and an observation chamber below the waterline, and was modified to house scientific equipment and a helicopter pad. The Calypso underwater camera is named after this ship.

On 8 January 1996, a barge accidentally rammed ''Calypso'' and sank her in the port of Singapore. On 16 January, she was raised by a crane, patched, and pumped dry before being put in a shipyard.

Restoration (1997–present)

''Calypso'' was later towed to the Maritime Museum of La Rochelle in 1998 to be an exhibit.

A legal dispute between Jacques Cousteau's widow, Francine Cousteau, and Loel Guinness, the grandson of the original owner, delayed restoration work. During this time the city of La Rochelle withdrew its funding for the restoration. ''Calypso'' remained in disrepair.

In 2002, Alexandra Cousteau, Cousteau's granddaughter from his first marriage, tried to become involved in the restoration. The Cousteau Society, controlled by Francine Cousteau, reportedly spent hundreds of thousands of dollars to defend Francine's exclusive use of the name and to prevent Alexandra's participation in the restoration of ''Calypso''.

In 2006 Loel Guinness transferred ownership of ''Calypso'' to the Cousteau Society for the sum of one euro. In October 2007 the ship was began at the Piriou Shipyard. Work on ''Calypso'' stopped in 2009 because of the non-payment of bills by Francine Cousteau. Piriou claimed to be owed €850,000 for work already done. The Cousteau Society counter-sued for defective work. In 2015 a French court ordered Francine Cousteau to settle outstanding yard bills and remove ''Calypso'' from a Brittany shipyard or allow the shipyard to sell the vessel.

The Cousteau Society announced in 2016 that a solution had been found to allow the ship to return to service with new engines. In 2017 a fire damaged new wooden parts of the Calypso at a shipyard near Istanbul, Turkey, where her refitting had been in progress.

''Calypso'' in popular culture

* ''Calypso'' was the main ship in all three feature documentary films that Cousteau directed in his career: ''The Silent World'' (1956, awarded with the Academy Award for Documentary Feature and the 1956 Palme d'Or), '' World Without Sun'' (1964, which also won the Academy Award for Documentary Feature) and '' Voyage to the Edge of the World'' (1976).
* John Denver wrote a 1975 hit song " Calypso" as a tribute to ''Calypso'' and her crew. Additionally, he gave all the royalties for the song to the Cousteau Society.
* Jean Michel Jarre wrote a three part composition in tribute to the ship included on the album '' Waiting for Cousteau'' (1990).
* GWAR wrote a song entitled "Je M'Appelle J. Cousteau", which was featured on their album ''Hell-O'', originally released in 1988. It is not entirely clear whether this song is in tribute or slander, but the song is entirely about Jacques Cousteau and his ship ''Calypso''.
* The Captain's yacht of the USS ''Enterprise-D'', on '' Star Trek: The Next Generation'', was named ''Calypso'' by actor Patrick Stewart. He also gave the name ''Cousteau'' to the captain's yacht of the USS ''Enterprise-E'' in homage to the ''Calypso''s famous former captain.
* Bill Murray starred in a film homage of Jacques Cousteau's life called ''The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou''. In the movie, Zissou travels the seas in a ship called ''Belafonte''. This is an oblique reference to Jacques Cousteau's ship ''Calypso''. Harry Belafonte is a noted musician who is arguably the best known exponent of calypso music; his 1956 album '' Calypso'' is the first LP record to sell one million copies. While in the film, ''Belafonte'' is described as a "long-range sub-hunter", like ''Calypso'' she was also a former British minesweeper, the Ton-class .
* NASA astronaut Sunita Williams bestowed the name ''Calypso'' on the third Boeing Starliner