40S ribosomal protein S15 is a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, res ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''RPS15''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b ...
.
s, the
organelles that
catalyze
Catalysis () is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst (). Catalysts are not consumed in the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recyc ...
protein synthesis, consist of a
small 40S subunit and a
large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4
RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a
ribosomal protein
A ribosomal protein (r-protein or rProtein) is any of the proteins that, in conjunction with rRNA, make up the ribosomal subunits involved in the cellular process of translation. ''E. coli'', other bacteria and Archaea have a 30S small subunit an ...
that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S19P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the
cytoplasm
In cell biology, the cytoplasm is all of the material within a eukaryotic cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, except for the cell nucleus. The material inside the nucleus and contained within the nuclear membrane is termed the nucleoplasm. ...
. This gene has been found to be activated in various tumors, such as
insulinoma
An insulinoma is a tumour of the pancreas that is derived from beta cells and secretes insulin. It is a rare form of a neuroendocrine tumour. Most insulinomas are benign in that they grow exclusively at their origin within the pancreas, but a mi ...
s,
esophageal cancers, and
colon cancers. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed
pseudogenes
Pseudogenes are nonfunctional segments of DNA that resemble functional genes. Most arise as superfluous copies of functional genes, either directly by DNA duplication or indirectly by reverse transcription of an mRNA transcript. Pseudogenes are ...
of this gene dispersed through the genome.
References
Further reading
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External links
PDBe-KBprovides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human 40S ribosomal protein S15
Ribosomal proteins
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