60S ribosomal protein L23a is a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''RPL23A''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba ...
.
Function
Ribosome
Ribosomes ( ) are macromolecular machines, found within all cells, that perform biological protein synthesis (mRNA translation). Ribosomes link amino acids together in the order specified by the codons of messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules to ...
s, the
organelle
In cell biology, an organelle is a specialized subunit, usually within a cell, that has a specific function. The name ''organelle'' comes from the idea that these structures are parts of cells, as organs are to the body, hence ''organelle,'' the ...
s that catalyze
protein synthesis
Protein biosynthesis (or protein synthesis) is a core biological process, occurring inside Cell (biology), cells, homeostasis, balancing the loss of cellular proteins (via Proteolysis, degradation or Protein targeting, export) through the product ...
, consist of a small
40S
The eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit (40S) is the smaller subunit of the eukaryotic 80S ribosomes, with the other major component being the large ribosomal subunit (60S). The "40S" and "60S" names originate from the convention that ribosomal pa ...
subunit and a large
60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4
RNA
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes. RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) are nucleic acids. Along with lipids, proteins, and carbohydra ...
species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a
ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L23P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the
cytoplasm
In cell biology, the cytoplasm is all of the material within a eukaryotic cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, except for the cell nucleus. The material inside the nucleus and contained within the nuclear membrane is termed the nucleoplasm. The ...
. The protein may be one of the target molecules involved in mediating growth inhibition by
interferon
Interferons (IFNs, ) are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several viruses. In a typical scenario, a virus-infected cell will release interferons causing nearby cells to heighten the ...
. In yeast, the corresponding protein binds to a specific site on the 26S
rRNA
Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) is a type of non-coding RNA which is the primary component of ribosomes, essential to all cells. rRNA is a ribozyme which carries out protein synthesis in ribosomes. Ribosomal RNA is transcribed from ribosoma ...
. This gene is co-transcribed with the
U42A,
U42B U4, U-4, or U04 may refer to:
Science and technology
* U4 spliceosomal RNA, a non-coding RNA component of the major U2-dependent spliceosome
* Haplogroup U4 (mtDNA), a human genetic group
* U4, unitary group of degree 4
* U-47700, a synthetic op ...
,
U101A
U1, U.I or U-1 may refer to:
Mathematics
*U(1), the degree one '' unitary group''
Military
*U-1, the USAF and US Military's designation for the De Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter light transport aircraft
*U-1, Soviet designation for Avro 504 t ...
, and
U101B
U1, U.I or U-1 may refer to:
Mathematics
*U(1), the degree one '' unitary group''
Military
*U-1, the USAF and US Military's designation for the De Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter light transport aircraft
*U-1, Soviet designation for Avro 504 t ...
small nucleolar RNA
In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a class of small RNA molecules that primarily guide chemical modifications of other RNAs, mainly ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs and small nuclear RNAs. There are two main classes of snoRNA, t ...
genes, which are located in its third, first, second, and fourth
intron
An intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is not expressed or operative in the final RNA product. The word ''intron'' is derived from the term ''intragenic region'', i.e. a region inside a gene."The notion of the cistron .e., gene. ...
s, respectively. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed
pseudogene
Pseudogenes are nonfunctional segments of DNA that resemble functional genes. Most arise as superfluous copies of functional genes, either directly by DNA duplication or indirectly by Reverse transcriptase, reverse transcription of an mRNA trans ...
s of this gene dispersed through the genome.
Clinical significance
L23a has been identified as an autoimmune target that causes a form of
rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints. It typically results in warm, swollen, and painful joints. Pain and stiffness often worsen following rest. Most commonly, the wrist and hands are involv ...
in mice and which also causes a reaction from
T cells and autoantibodies from human rheumatoid arthritis patients.
References
Further reading
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External links
PDBe-KBprovides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human 60S ribosomal protein L23a
{{protein-stub
Ribosomal proteins