RMS Atrato (1853)

RMS ''Atrato'' was a UK iron-hulled steamship. She was built in 1853 for the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company as a side-wheel paddle steamer, and at the time of her launch was the world's largest passenger ship. In 1870 RMSP traded Atrato in, causing her to lose the status of "Royal Mail Ship". She was converted to a single screw ship with a compound steam engine in 1872, and placed on the Aberdeen Line that chartered her to run to Victoria and New Zealand. In 1880 she was renamed ''Rochester'' before sinking four years later in 1884 by running aground.

''Demerara'' and ''Amazon''

Until 1850 RMSP secured its first contract to carry mail between the UK, Brazil and the River Plate. It ordered five large new wooden-hulled sister ships to take over scheduled services on its premier route between Southampton and the Caribbean, thus releasing older RMSP ships to start its new service to Rio de Janeiro, Montevideo and Buenos Aires.

One of the new ships, the ''Demerara'', was built in Bristol by William Patterson Shipbuilders, but her engines were built by Caird & Company of Greenock. After her launch in November 1851 a steam tug started to tow from Bristol to Greenock for her engines to be installed. But the tug master lacked experience of the winding Avon and lost control of ''Demerara'', which became wedged against both banks. When the tide went out the ship was left bridging the river, and suffered structural distortion from the 1,200 tons of ballast in her engine room.

RMSP rejected the damaged ship, which was effectively a "constructive total loss" – a concept then unknown in marine insurance. RMSP was then left with one ship missing from the quintet it needed for its new service, and an engine in Greenock with no ship into which to put it.

Until 1851 the Admiralty had insisted that ships for mail contracts had to have a wooden hull. However, two months after ''Demerara''s accident , another member of the new quintet, caught fire and sank in the Bay of Biscay on her maiden voyage. More than 100 passengers and crew were killed and the Admiralty agreed to allow iron-hulled ships to be used for mail services.

''Atrato'' with RMSP

RMSP duly ordered an iron-hulled ship from Caird & Company to use ''Demerara''s engines and fill one of the gaps in the new fleet. In design she was an improved, enlarged, iron-hulled version of ''Demerara''. The engine was a two-cylinder side-lever steam engine that developed 800 ihp and drove a pair of side paddles, giving her a speed of . For some reason Caird did not use ''Demerara''s boilers for ''Atrato'' but supplied new ones.

''Atrato'' was completed in 1853 and entered service between Southampton and the Caribbean. In April 1856 she and two other RMSP ships, La Plata and Tay, attended the Spithead Review to celebrate the end of the Crimean War.

By 1869 ''Atrato'' was outdated for RMSP's use. John Elder and Company of Govan built a new ship, ''Elbe'' for the company and in 1870 accepted ''Atrato'' in part-payment.

After RMSP

Later in 1870 John Morrison and Company of London bought ''Atrato''. In 1872 Aberdeen Line chartered her to run between Britain and Port Phillip, Victoria ''via'' Cape Town. James Watt and Company of London re-engined her as a single-screw vessel with a two-cylinder compound engine fed by three double-ended boilers. Her first such voyage to Port Phillip was in September 1872. In 1874 she sailed to New Zealand, leaving London on 5 April, calling at Port Chalmers on 8 June and reaching Lyttelton Harbour on 20 June.

In 1879 Henry T Horn of Sidcup, Kent bought ''Atrato''. In 1880 Adamson and Ronaldson of Rochester, Kent bought her and renamed her ''Rochester''. On 25 June 1884 she was lost by stranding on Stag Rock, Spring Bay, Patagonia. Her crew survived.

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Atrato
1853 ships
Ships built on the River Clyde
Maritime incidents in June 1884
Paddle steamers of the United Kingdom
Ships of the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company
Shipwrecks