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Robert F. Kennedy
Robert F. Kennedy Bridge
(Triborough Bridge)
Aerial view of the Queens–Wards Island span of the Triborough
Bridge, over the East River;
Queens
Queens is in the foreground
Coordinates
40°46′50″N 73°55′38″W / 40.780488°N 73.927168°W /
40.780488; -73.927168
Carries
8 lanes of I-278 (Bronx and
Queens
Queens spans)
6 lanes of NY 900G (
Manhattan
Manhattan span)
Crosses
East River,
Harlem River
Harlem River and Bronx Kill
Locale
New York City, United States
Official name
Robert F. Kennedy
Robert F. Kennedy Bridge
Other name(s)
Triborough Bridge, RFK Triborough Bridge, Triboro Bridge, RFK Bridge
Maintained by
MTA Bridges and Tunnels
Characteristics
Design
Suspension bridge, lift bridge, truss bridge
Total length
2,780 feet (850 m) (
Queens
Queens span)
770 feet (230 m) (
Manhattan
Manhattan span)
1,600 feet (490 m) (Bronx span)
Width
98 feet (30 m) (
Queens
Queens span)
Longest span
1,380 feet (420 m) (
Queens
Queens span)
310 feet (94 m) (
Manhattan
Manhattan span)
383 feet (117 m) (Bronx span)
Clearance above
14 feet 6 inches (4.42 m) (Queens / Bronx spans)
13 feet 10 inches (4.22 m) (
Manhattan
Manhattan span)
Clearance below
143 feet (44 m) (
Queens
Queens span)
135 feet (41 m) (
Manhattan
Manhattan span when raised)
55 feet (17 m) (Bronx span)
History
Opened
July 11, 1936; 81 years ago (1936-07-11)
Statistics
Daily traffic
95,552 (Queens–
Manhattan
Manhattan and Bronx–Manhattan, 2016)[1]
83,053 (Queens–Bronx, 2016)[1]
Toll
As of March 19, 2017, $8.50 (Tolls By Mail and non-New York E-ZPass);
$5.76 (New York E-ZPass)
Robert F. Kennedy
Robert F. Kennedy Bridge
(Triborough Bridge)
Point where the three spans meet
The Triborough Bridge, known officially as the Robert F. Kennedy
Bridge
Bridge since 2008, and sometimes referred to as the RFK Triborough
Bridge
Bridge or RFK Bridge, is a complex of three separate bridges and their
connecting viaducts or elevated expressways[2] in New York City. The
complex of bridges and elevated roads serves to connect three
boroughs, Manhattan, Queens, and the Bronx. The viaducts were built on
Randalls and Wards Islands, previously two islands which are now
joined as one by landfill. The bridge complex, which carries
Interstate 278
_map.svg/580px-I-278_(NJ-NY)_map.svg.png)
Interstate 278 and unmarked New York State Route 900G, connects with
the
FDR Drive
FDR Drive and the
Harlem River
Harlem River Drive in Manhattan, the Bruckner
Expressway and the
Major Deegan Expressway
Major Deegan Expressway in the Bronx, and the Grand
Central Parkway and
Astoria Boulevard
Astoria Boulevard in Queens.
The three bridges of the Triborough
Bridge
Bridge complex are:[2]
The
Harlem River
Harlem River vertical-lift bridge, the largest in the world, which
connects
Manhattan
Manhattan to Randalls Island
The
Bronx Kill
Bronx Kill truss bridge, which connects
Randalls Island
Randalls Island to the
Bronx
The suspension bridge over
Hell Gate
Hell Gate (a strait of the East River),
which connects Wards Island to Astoria in Queens
These three bridges are connected by an elevated highway viaduct
across
Randalls and Wards Islands
Randalls and Wards Islands and 14 miles (23 km) of support
roads.[2][3] Also part of the complex is a grade-separated
T-interchange on Randalls Island, which sorted out traffic in a way
that ensured that drivers paid a toll at only one bank of toll
booths.[4] The toll booths have since been removed since all tolls are
collected electronically at the approaches to each bridge.
The bridge complex was designed by chief engineer
Othmar H. Ammann
Othmar H. Ammann and
architect Aymar Embury II,[5] and has been called the "biggest traffic
machine ever built".[4] The American Society of Civil Engineers
designated the Triborough
Bridge
Bridge Project as a National Historic Civil
Engineering Landmark in 1986.[6]
The bridge is owned and operated by MTA Bridges and Tunnels, a
division of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority.
Contents
1 History
1.1 Planning and construction
1.2 Recent events
2 Usage
2.1 Tolls
2.2 Public transportation
3 Statistics
3.1
East River
East River suspension bridge (I-278)
3.2
Harlem River
Harlem River lift bridge (NY 900G)
3.3
Bronx Kill
Bronx Kill crossing (I-278)
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
History[edit]
Planning and construction[edit]
Plans for connecting Manhattan,
Queens
Queens and the Bronx were first
announced by Edward A. Byrne, chief engineer of the New York City
Department of Plant and Structures, in 1916.[7] While such a bridge
complex's construction had long been recommended by local officials,
the project failed to receive funding until 1925, when the city
appropriated money for surveys, test borings and structural plans.[3]
Location of the bridge in New York City
Art Deco
Art Deco saddle housing
Construction began on October 25, 1929 – Black Friday – but soon
the Triborough project's outlook began to look bleak. Chief engineer
Othmar Ammann, who had collapsed the original design's two-deck
roadway into one, requiring lighter towers, and thus, lighter piers,
saving $10 million on the towers alone, was enlisted again to help
guide the project, but the combination of
Tammany Hall
Tammany Hall graft, the
stock market crash, and the
Great Depression
Great Depression which followed it,
brought the project to a virtual halt,[8] as investors shied away from
purchasing the municipal bonds needed to fund it.[5] By the spring of
1932, the project was moribund.[9]
The project was resurrected by Robert Moses, who pushed the state
legislature to create the Triborough
Bridge
Bridge Authority (TBA) to fund,
build and operate it. Moses was confronted by a situation where the
city had not planned any of the necessary approaches to the structure,
or even bought up the property that would clearly be needed to build
those roads, property which they could have gotten at bargain prices
early on.[8] Moses solved this problem in typical fashion by proposing
new roads and parkways to feed into the bridge, which would connect it
to the existing ones he had already built. The complex of roads
included the
Grand Central Parkway
Grand Central Parkway and
Astoria Boulevard
Astoria Boulevard in Queens, an
extension to the
East River
East River Drive (now the FDR Drive) in Manhattan,
and Whitlock Avenue and Eastern Boulevard in the Bronx.[4]
While reformers embraced Moses' plans, state and city officials were
overwhelmed by their scale, and slow to move to provide financing for
the vast system.[8] Moses leveraged his leadership of the
Authority – after he wrenched control of it away from
Tammany – as well as the state and city positions he also held,
to start the project up again, with construction resuming in November
1933.[9] Eventually, funding would come from the city and from the
Federal government under
New Deal
New Deal programs such as the Public Works
Administration (PWA), the latter of which involved complex political
infighting between Moses, PWA Administrator Harold L. Ickes, President
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt and
New York City
New York City Mayor Fiorello H.
LaGuardia, over which Moses almost lost his job.[10] The other major
source of funding was from interest-bearing bonds issued by the
Triborough
Bridge
Bridge Authority itself, and not by the city. These bonds
were secured by future toll revenue.[11][12]
The scale of the Triborough
Bridge
Bridge project, including its approaches,
was such that hundreds of large apartment buildings were demolished to
make way for it. The structure used concrete from factories "from
Maine to the Mississippi", and steel from 50 mills in Pennsylvania. To
make the formwork for pouring the concrete, a forest's worth of trees
on the Pacific Coast was cut down.[4] Robert Caro, the biographer of
Moses, said about it:
Triborough was not a bridge so much as a traffic machine, the largest
ever built. The amount of human energy expended in its construction
gives some idea of its immensity: more than five thousand men would be
working at the site, and these men would only be putting into place
the materials furnished by the labor of many times five thousand men;
before the Triborough
Bridge
Bridge was completed, its construction would
have generated more than 31,000,000-man hours of work in 134 cities in
twenty states.[4]
The completed structure, described by
The New York Times
The New York Times as a
"Y-shaped sky highway", was dedicated on July 11, 1936, at ceremonies
held on the central span which were attended by President Roosevelt,
Mayor La Guardia, New York State Governor Herbert H. Lehman, Public
Works Administrator Ickes, Postmaster General
James A. Farley and
Moses, who acted as master of ceremonies.[13][3][14] Due to the
previous conflicts between himself and Moses, the attendance of
Roosevelt was not certain until the last minute. The ceremonies were
broadcast via a nationwide radio connection.[14]
The total cost of the bridge, the largest PWA project in the East, was
more than $60 million (equivalent to $1058.13 million in 2017)
– one of the largest public works projects of the Great Depression,
more expensive than the Hoover Dam.[15][3][14] Of this, $16 million
came from the city and $9 million directly from the PWA, which also
purchased $35 million worth of TBA bonds, which were eventually bought
back and resold to the public.[9] In the first year of the bridge's
operation it generated $2.72 million (equivalent to
$46.30 million in 2017) – produced by 9.65 million vehicles.[5]
A by-product of the Triborough project was the creation of parks and
playgrounds in the lands underneath the bridges and approaches on
Wards and
Randalls Island
Randalls Island (see Randall's Island Park), in Astoria, and
in Manhattan.[9]
Recent events[edit]
Expansion of toll plaza underway, 2016
Motorists were first able to pay with E‑ZPass in lanes for automatic
coin machines at the
Randalls Island
Randalls Island toll plazas on August 21,
1996.[16]
At some point in the past, a sign on the bridge informed travelers,
"In event of attack, drive off bridge,"
New York Times
New York Times columnist
William Safire
William Safire wrote in 2008. The "somewhat macabre sign", he wrote,
must have "drawn a wry smile from millions of motorists."[17]
On November 19, 2008, the Triborough
Bridge
Bridge was officially renamed
after
Robert F. Kennedy
Robert F. Kennedy at the request of the Kennedy family.[18]
Forty years had passed since the New York
United States
United States Senator and
former
U.S. Attorney General
U.S. Attorney General had been assassinated during a 1968
presidential bid.[19][20][21] Traffic and news reports have come to
commonly refer to the bridge as the "RFK Triborough Bridge" and at
times simply the "Triborough Bridge" to avoid confusion among
residents long accustomed to its original name.[22]
In 2015, the MTA started two reconstruction projects on different
parts of the bridge[23] as part of a $1 billion, 15-year program to
renovate the bridge complex.[24] The MTA commenced construction on a
$213 million rehabilitation of the 1930s-era toll plaza between the
Queens
Queens and Bronx spans, which included a rebuilding of the roadway and
the supporting structure underneath. The new tollbooth structure is to
be completed in 2019.[23] In addition, a ramp from the
Manhattan
Manhattan span
to the northbound
Harlem River
Harlem River Drive was being built for $68.3
million, with the ramp to be finished by December 2017. [23] Cashless
tolling, a program that eliminates toll gates and allows drivers to
maintain highway speeds across the span, was implemented on June 15,
2017. Tolls are either collected electronically by EZ Pass transponder
or by mail using data collected by license plate readers. [23]
Usage[edit]
The toll revenues from the Triborough
Bridge
Bridge pay for a portion of the
public transit subsidy for the
New York City
New York City Transit Authority and the
commuter railroads.[25] The bridge had annual average daily traffic of
164,116 in 2014. For that year, the bridge saw annual toll-paying
traffic rise by 2.9% to 59.9 million, generating $393.6 million in
revenue at an average toll of $6.57.[26]
The bridge has sidewalks in all three legs where the TBTA officially
requires bicyclists to walk their bicycles across[27] due to safety
concerns.[28] However, the signs stating this requirement have been
usually ignored by bicyclists,[29] while the
New York City
New York City Government
has recommended that the TBTA should reassess this kind of bicycling
ban.[30] Stairs on the 2 km (1.2 mi)
Queens
Queens leg impede
handicapped access. The
Queens
Queens stairway along the southern side was
demolished at the beginning of the 21st century, thus isolating that
walkway, but the ramp of the Wards Island end of the walkway along the
northern side was improved in 2007.[citation needed] The two sidewalks
of the Bronx span are connected to only one ramp at the Randalls
Island end.[citation needed]
Tolls[edit]
Beginning on March 19, 2017, drivers will pay $8.50 per car or $3.50
per motorcycle for tolls by mail. E‑ZPass users with transponders
issued by the New York E‑ZPass Customer Service Center pay $5.76 per
car or $2.51 per motorcycle. All
E-ZPass
E-ZPass users with transponders not
issued by the New York
E-ZPass
E-ZPass CSC will be required to pay
Toll-by-mail rates.[31]
Open-road cashless tolling began on June 15, 2017.[32] The tollbooths
were dismantled, and drivers are no longer able to pay cash at the
bridge. Instead, there are cameras mounted onto new overhead gantries
near where the booths were formerly located.[33][34] Drivers without
E-ZPass
E-ZPass will have a picture of their license plate taken, and the toll
will be mailed to them. For
E-ZPass
E-ZPass users, sensors will detect their
transponders wirelessly.[33][34]
Public transportation[edit]
The Triborough
Bridge
Bridge carries the M35, M60 SBS, and X80 bus routes
operated by MTA
New York City
New York City Transit, and nine express bus routes
operated by the MTA Bus Company: BxM1, BxM2, BxM6, BxM7, BxM8, BxM9,
BxM10, BxM11, and BxM18.[35]
In the 1920s, New York's Transit Commission considered extending the
BMT Astoria Line
BMT Astoria Line along the same route the Triborough now follows. The
proposal would have created a crosstown subway line along 125th
Street.[36]
The
East River
East River suspension bridge
The
Harlem River
Harlem River lift bridge in 2007
Bronx Kill
Bronx Kill crossing in 2008
Statistics[edit]
East River
East River suspension bridge (I-278)[edit]
Span crosses the
East River
East River at the
Hell Gate
Hell Gate between
Queens
Queens and Wards
Island
Connects to
Grand Central Parkway
Grand Central Parkway and Brooklyn–
Queens
Queens Expressway
Length of main span: 1,380 feet (421 m)
Length of each side span: 700 feet (213 m)
Length, anchorage to anchorage: 2,780 feet (847 m)[3]
Width of bridge: 98 feet (30 m)
Number of traffic lanes: 8 lanes
Height of towers above mean high water: 315 feet (96 m)
Clearance at center above mean high water: 143 feet (44 m)
Number of sidewalks: 1
Harlem River
Harlem River lift bridge (NY 900G)[edit]
Span crosses the
Harlem River
Harlem River between
Manhattan
Manhattan and Randalls Island
Connects to
Harlem River
Harlem River Drive, FDR Drive, and 125th Street
Length of main lift-truss span: 310 feet (94 m)
Length of each side truss span: 195 feet (59 m)
Length, anchorage to anchorage: 700 feet (213 m)[3]
Height of towers: 210 feet (64 m)
Clearance of lift span above mean high water: 55 feet (17 m)
Clearance of lift span in raised position: 135 feet (41 m)
Number of traffic lanes: 6 lanes
Number of sidewalks: 2 (1 on each side)
Bronx Kill
Bronx Kill crossing (I-278)[edit]
Span crosses the
Bronx Kill
Bronx Kill between
The Bronx
The Bronx and Randalls Island
Connects to
Major Deegan Expressway
Major Deegan Expressway and Bruckner Expressway
Length of main truss span: 383 feet (117 m)
Length of approach truss span: 1,217 feet (371 m)[3]
Length, anchorage to anchorage: 1,600 feet (488 m)
Clearance of truss span above mean high water: 55 feet (17 m)
Number of traffic lanes: 8 lanes
Number of sidewalks: 2 (1 on each side)
See also[edit]
Bridges portal
New York portal
New York City
New York City portal
List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record
in New York
National Register of Historic Places listings in New York County, New
York
National Register of Historic Places listings in
Queens
Queens County, New
York
National Register of Historic Places listings in Bronx County, New
York
List of reference routes in New York
References[edit]
Notes
^ a b "
New York City
New York City
Bridge
Bridge Traffic Volumes" (PDF). New York City
Department of Transportation. 2016. p. 11. Retrieved March 16,
2018.
^ a b c "
Robert F. Kennedy
Robert F. Kennedy Bridge". Metropolitan Transportation
Authority. Retrieved November 3, 2015. The
Robert F. Kennedy
Robert F. Kennedy Bridge
(formerly the Triborough Bridge), the authority's flagship facility,
opened in 1936. It is actually three bridges, a viaduct, and 14 miles
of approach roads connecting Manhattan, Queens, and the Bronx.
^ a b c d e f g See:
"Triboro Plaza Highlights : NYC Parks".
New York City
New York City Department
of Parks & Recreation. Retrieved November 3, 2015.
"Triborough
Bridge
Bridge Playground B Highlights : NYC Parks". New York
City Department of Parks & Recreation. Retrieved November 3,
2015.
^ a b c d e Caro (1974), pp.386–95
^ a b c Shanor, Rebecca Read. "
Robert F. Kennedy
Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge
[Triborough Bridge]" in Jackson, Kenneth T., ed. (2010), The
Encyclopedia of
New York City
New York City (2nd ed.), New Haven: Yale University
Press, ISBN 978-0-300-11465-2 , p.1110
^ "Triborough
Bridge
Bridge Project". ASCE Metropolitan Section. Retrieved
November 12, 2016.
^ "Triboro Plaza".
New York City
New York City Department of Parks & Recreation.
Retrieved February 25, 2010.
^ a b c Caro (1974), pp.340–44
^ a b c d
Federal Writers' Project
Federal Writers' Project (1939),
New York City
New York City Guide, New
York: Random House, ISBN 0-403-02921-X (Reprinted by
Scholarly Press, 1976; often referred to as WPA Guide to New York
City), pp.392–94
^ Caro (1974), pp.426–40
^ Caro (1974), p.345
^ The bonds not only helped to finance the project, but also assured
that the Authority would be self-perpetuating and immune from
legislative oversight, as the Authority's contractual obligations to
the bond-holders were paramount and could not, according to the
Authority's legal theory, be altered by legislative action. They also
assured that the Triborough would never be toll free. Caro (1974),
pp.1119–22
^ Staff. (July 12, 1936) "Great Link is Acclaimed; People Demanding
Such Up-to-Date Projects, Roosevelt Says", The New York Times.
Accessed November 3, 2015
^ a b c Caro (1974), pp.440–43
^ Roberts, Sam (July 11, 2006). "Reappraising a Landmark Bridge, and
the Visionary Behind It". The New York Times. Retrieved February 25,
2010.
^ Purdy, Matthew (August 22, 1996). "Drivers Give Passing Grade To E-Z
Pass In Major Test". The New York Times. Retrieved February 25,
2010.
^ Safire, William (July 13, 2008). "On Language: Dead End". The New
York Times. Retrieved December 4, 2008.
^ Gershman, Jacob (January 8, 2008). "Enduring Wish May Come True in
RFK Bridge". The New York Sun. Retrieved January 9, 2008.
^
Associated Press
Associated Press (January 8, 2008). "Triborough
Bridge
Bridge may be
renamed for Robert F. Kennedy". New York Daily News. Retrieved January
9, 2008.
^
Metropolitan Transportation Authority
Metropolitan Transportation Authority (November 21, 2008).
"Triborough
Bridge
Bridge Renamed
Robert F. Kennedy
Robert F. Kennedy Bridge" (Press release).
Retrieved December 4, 2008.
^ Chan, Sewell (November 19, 2008). "The Triborough Is Officially the
R.F.K. Bridge". The New York Times. Retrieved December 4, 2008.
^ de Kretser, Leela (May 6, 2010). "U-Haul Abandoned on
R.F.K.-Triborough Bridge". DNAinfo. Archived from the original on
March 6, 2012. Retrieved December 5, 2011.
^ a b c d "MTA news Two Capital Improvement Projects At Flagship
Robert F. Kennedy
Robert F. Kennedy
Bridge
Bridge Underway". www.mta.info. Retrieved December
28, 2016.
^ "RFK
Bridge
Bridge Gets $1 B Capital Improvement, Project To Take 15 Years;
GAHS 75th Anniversary Photo Exhibit".
Queens
Queens Gazette. July 6, 2011.
Retrieved December 28, 2016.
^ Steinhauer, Jennifer (February 13, 1994). "F.Y.I." The New York
Times. Retrieved February 25, 2010.
^ "Appendix E: History and Projection of Traffic, Toll Revenues and
Expenses and Review of Physical Conditions of the Facilities of
Triborough
Bridge
Bridge and Tunnel Authority",
Stantec
Stantec for the Triborough
Bridge
Bridge and Tunnel Authority, April 30, 2015. Accessed November 5,
2015.
^ MTA Bridges & Tunnels (October 1, 2003). "Rules and Regulations
Governing the Use of the Triborough
Bridge
Bridge and Tunnel Authority
Facilities" (PDF). Section 1022.1(e). Retrieved February 20,
2010.
^ "MTA Bike & Ride". Metropolitan Transportation Authority.
Retrieved February 20, 2010.
^ "
New York City
New York City Bicycle Master Plan" (PDF).
New York City
New York City Department
of City Planning. May 1997. p. 16. Retrieved February 20,
2010.
^ "
New York City
New York City Bicycle Master Plan" (PDF).
New York City
New York City Department
of City Planning. May 1997. p. 57. Retrieved February 20,
2010.
^ "2017 Toll Information". MTA Bridges & Tunnels. Retrieved March
16, 2017.
^ "Cashless Tolls Arrive on RFK Triboro Bridge". Spectrum News NY1
New York City. June 15, 2017. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
^ a b Siff, Andrew (October 5, 2016). "Automatic Tolls to Replace
Gates at 9 NYC Spans: Cuomo". NBC New York. Retrieved December 25,
2016.
^ a b WABC (December 21, 2016). "MTA rolls out cashless toll schedule
for bridges, tunnels". ABC7 New York. Retrieved December 25,
2016.
^
"
Queens
Queens Bus Map" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. January
2017. Retrieved July 17, 2017.
"
Manhattan
Manhattan Bus Map" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. May
2017. Retrieved July 17, 2017.
^ "New subways: proposed additions to rapid transit system to cost
$218,000,000 ..." MOA website (University of Michigan)
Bibliography
Caro, Robert (1974). The Power Broker. New York: Vintage Books.
ISBN 0-394-72024-5.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Triborough Bridge.
Official website
Triborough
Bridge
Bridge historic overview at nycroads.com
Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) No. NY-301,
"Triborough Bridge, Passing through Queens,
Manhattan
Manhattan & the Bronx,
Queens,
Queens
Queens County, NY", 28 photos, 3 photo caption pages
Triborough
Bridge
Bridge at Structurae
Triborough
Bridge
Bridge
Harlem River
Harlem River Lift Span at Structurae
Links to related articles
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v
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Robert F. Kennedy
November 20, 1925 – June 6, 1968
United States
United States Senator from New York, 1965–1968
64th
United States
United States Attorney General, 1961–1964
Life
1948 Palestine visit
Senate Committee investigation of Labor and Management
Cuban Missile Crisis
ExComm
Civil rights
Freedom Riders
Voter Education Project
Baldwin–Kennedy meeting
1964 Democratic National Convention
Bedford Stuyvesant Restoration Corporation
Mississippi Delta tour
Kennedy Compound
Hickory Hill home
Electoral
1964 U.S. Senate election
1968 presidential campaign
primaries
Boiler Room Girls
Speeches
Law Day Address (1961)
Day of Affirmation Address
Day of Affirmation Address (1966)
Conflict in Vietnam and at Home (1968)
University of Kansas (1968)
Ball State (1968)
On the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. (1968)
"On the Mindless Menace of Violence" (1968)
Books
The Enemy Within (1960)
The Pursuit of Justice
The Pursuit of Justice (1964)
To Seek a Newer World (1967)
Thirteen Days: A Memoir of the
Cuban Missile Crisis
Cuban Missile Crisis (1969)
Assassination
Sirhan Sirhan
Ambassador Hotel
Conspiracy theories
Gravesite
Legacy and
memorials
Robert F. Kennedy
Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building
Robert F. Kennedy
Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights
Human Rights Award
Journalism Award
Book Award
Robert F. Kennedy
Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium
Landmark for Peace Memorial
Kennedy–King College
Robert F. Kennedy
Robert F. Kennedy Community Schools
Robert F. Kennedy
Robert F. Kennedy Bridge
Popular
culture
Crisis: Behind a Presidential Commitment (1963 documentary)
Robert Kennedy Remembered (1968 documentary)
"Abraham, Martin and John" (1968 song)
The Missiles of October
The Missiles of October (1974 docudrama)
Kennedy (1983 miniseries)
Blood Feud (1983 film)
Prince Jack
Prince Jack (1985 film)
Robert Kennedy and His Times
Robert Kennedy and His Times (1985 miniseries)
Hoover vs. The Kennedys (1987 miniseries)
Thirteen Days (2000 film)
RFK (2002 film)
Bobby (2006 film)
RFK Must Die (2007 documentary)
The Kennedys (2011 miniseries)
Ethel (2012 documentary)
Jackie (2016 film)
Family,
family tree
Ethel Skakel (wife)
Kathleen Kennedy (daughter)
Joseph P. Kennedy (son)
Robert F. Kennedy
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (son)
David Kennedy (son)
Courtney Kennedy (daughter)
Michael Kennedy (son)
Kerry Kennedy
.jpg/440px-Kerry_Kennedy_(by_Eric_Silva).jpg)
Kerry Kennedy (daughter)
Chris Kennedy (son)
Max Kennedy
Max Kennedy (son)
Doug Kennedy (son)
Rory Kennedy
Rory Kennedy (daughter)
Joseph P. Kennedy III (grandson)
Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.
Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. (father)
Rose Kennedy
Rose Kennedy (mother)
Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.
Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. (brother)
John F. Kennedy
John F. Kennedy (brother
presidency)
Rosemary Kennedy
Rosemary Kennedy (sister)
Kathleen Kennedy Cavendish (sister)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver
Eunice Kennedy Shriver (sister)
Patricia Kennedy Lawford
Patricia Kennedy Lawford (sister)
Jean Kennedy Smith
Jean Kennedy Smith (sister)
Ted Kennedy
Ted Kennedy (brother)
Patrick J. Kennedy (grandfather)
John F. Fitzgerald
John F. Fitzgerald (
