Ráckeve

Ráckeve (Serbian: Српски Ковин / Srpski Kovin) is a town on Csepel Island in the county of , Hungary. Its residents are Magyars, with minority of Serbs.

The Serbian Kovin Monastery, the oldest in Hungary and one of two in the Diocese of Buda of the Serbian Orthodox Church, was built in 1487 in the centre of Ráckeve. Also in central Ráckeve is the ''Savoy Castle'' of Prince Eugene of Savoy, built in the baroque style in 1702–50.

History

After the Árpád dynasty was established, the region of today's Ráckeve belonged to the Hungarian king.

In the Middle Ages, there was a settlement here called ''Ábrahámtelke'', and also a monastery built in the 12th century, mentioned in official document in 1212 the first time.

In the 15th century many Serb refugees came from the South, fleeing the invasions of the Ottoman Turks. In this time, the settlement was called ''Kiskeue'', that is to say "Kiskeve" in modern Hungarian. Kiskeve means "Little Keve" in English, and the Serbs in the town called it ''Mali Kovin'' = "Lesser Kovin", or ''Gornji Kovin'' ("Upper Kovin") in contrast with the name of other Kovin (''Donji Kovin'' / "Lower Kovin") in the South, where the Serbs had fled from.

In the 16th century, Ráckeve was a respectable mercantile town. The Calvinist variant of Protestantism was spread in the town by István Szegedi Kis.

In 1541, the town fell under Ottoman rule, and most of its population fled towards North. Many Serbs who used to live in the town settled in Győr and Komárom. Those who stayed in the town elected a "duke" called ''Đurđe'' (1543–46). In 1567, the town was populated by (mostly Calvinist) Hungarians and Serbs.

In 1698, after the expulsion of the Turkish, the whole of Csepel Island (Csepel-sziget), and thus Ráckeve too, became the land of the victorious Prince Eugene of Savoy. The new landlord had his mansion built in this settlement; it can be visited by prior appointment.

In the 18th century, the arrival of German settlers increased the number of inhabitants in the town. Thus the settlement became a tri-ethnic location with Hungarians, Serbs and Germans. Their descendants still refer to the place as Srpski Kovin or Ratzenmarkt.

The end of the 19th century, the Millennium period represented a great upswing in the life of the town. At that time, the original wooden bridge was replaced by a permanent iron bridge and the decision was taken to build a new town hall, which was later erected in the Secession style on the site of the original.

A renowned angling paradise, Angelic Island divides the Danube branch here. The holiday resort areas have been developed in the 1970s, at the same time the hot water spa and lido were also established. City status was granted again to Ráckeve in 1984.

Name

The Name of ''Ráckeve'' in today's form derives from the Hungarian words ''rác'' and ''keve''.

Rác is a name formerly used in Hungarian to designate Serbs, who lived, among other, in the medieval Serbian region of Raška ( la, Rascia), that became the second designation for medieval Serbia, since the end of the 12th century.

''Keve'' means cemetery in medieval Hungarian. In pre-modern Hungarian it also meant ''little stone'', or ''pebble'', that was put on tombs.
There is also a theory that the word ''keve'' is of Hunnic origin and it was the name of one of the leaders of Attila in the 4th century. Since the 19th century, the name Keve has been used as a personal name among Hungarians, due to the traditional theories among Hungarians on Hun-Hungarian historical relations.

The Serbs named the place after the town of ''Kovin'' in Banat (Vojvodina in Serbia) whence most inhabitants had fled to settle in Ráckeve. In Serbian, Ráckeve is known as ''Горњи Ковин / Gornji Kovin'' ("Upper Kovin"), ''Мали Ковин / Mali Kovin'' ("Lesser Kovin"), or ''Srpski Kovin / Српски Ковин'' ("Serbian Kovin"). This is to contrast it in Serbian with the name of the original town in Vojvodina, known as just ''Kovin'' in Serbian and ''Keve'' in Hungarian.

The Serbian word Kovin comes from the root "ков-" / "kov-" = "smith" (cf. ковач / kovač = ironsmith; ковница / kovnica = "copper mint" кованица / kovanica = "coin" потковица / potkovica = "horseshoe" etc.)

Sights

Ráckeve is famous for the only Gothic style Serb Orthodox Church in Hungary from the 15th century.

The Catholic church was designed by Patay László. The Fresco-secco in the church is worth seeing.

The Calvinist church is built in neo-gothic style in 1913.

There is also an ''Árpád Museum''.

There is Hungary's only authentic old Ship mill. It was built from donations exclusively, and operated by "Ráckevei Molnár Céh" (Ráckeve Miller Guild). This is the most visited attraction in the city.

Savoy Castle

The ''Savoy Castle'' of Prince Eugene of Savoy in central Ráckeve was built in the baroque style in 1702–1750.

File:Ráckeve Savoyai kastély.jpg

File:Ráckeve - Palace.jpg

Twin towns – sister cities

Ráckeve is twinned with:

* Baktalórántháza, Hungary
* Calden, Germany
* Ciumani, Romania
* Dány, Hungary
* Haskovo, Bulgaria
* Kovin, Serbia
* Nenince, Slovakia
* Shom, Ukraine
* Udine, Italy
* Konya, Turkey
* Amiens, France
* Priekulė, Lithuania
* Ogulin, Croatia
* Veles, North Macedonia
* Bajzë, Albania
* Swindon, United Kingdom
* Eisenstadt, Austria
* Hillerød, Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Girona, Spain
* Dudelange, Luxemburg
* Queluz, Portugal
* Uccle, Belgium
* Falkenberg, Sweden

Notable people

*Jovan Monasterlija, Habsburg commander
* Klári Katona, singer

References

* Dr. Dušan J. Popović, Srbi u Vojvodini, knjige 1–3, Novi Sad, 1990.

External links

* in Hungarian

Rackeve, Hungary Page

Ráckeve, Hungary, Home page of the town

Home page of the Ship Mill of Rackeve

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rackeve
Populated places in Pest County
Serb communities in Hungary