Qiao Ji
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Qiao Ji (, died 1345) also known as Qiao Jifu (乔吉甫) was a
Chinese Chinese can refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of ...
dramatist A playwright or dramatist is a person who writes plays. Etymology The word "play" is from Middle English pleye, from Old English plæġ, pleġa, plæġa ("play, exercise; sport, game; drama, applause"). The word "wright" is an archaic English ...
and
poet A poet is a person who studies and creates poetry. Poets may describe themselves as such or be described as such by others. A poet may simply be the creator ( thinker, songwriter, writer, or author) who creates (composes) poems (oral or writte ...
in the
Yuan Dynasty The Yuan dynasty (), officially the Great Yuan (; xng, , , literally "Great Yuan State"), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after its division. It was established by Kublai, the fifth ...
. He was originally from
Taiyuan Taiyuan (; ; ; Mandarin pronunciation: ; also known as (), ()) is the capital and largest city of Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China. Taiyuan is the political, economic, cultural and international exchange center of Shanxi Province. ...
in
Shanxi Shanxi (; ; formerly romanised as Shansi) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China and is part of the North China region. The capital and largest city of the province is Taiyuan, while its next most populated prefecture-lev ...
, but lived in the
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area in
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province. His
courtesy name A courtesy name (), also known as a style name, is a name bestowed upon one at adulthood in addition to one's given name. This practice is a tradition in the East Asian cultural sphere, including China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam.Ulrich Theobald ...
was Mengfu (梦符) and his pen name was Shenghao Weng (笙鹤翁). The ''Record of Ghosts'' (录鬼簿) describes Qiao as having an aloof and intimidating demeanor, to the point people were in awe of him. Eleven of his plays survive. Two of his plays, ''Jinqian Ji'' (金钱记) and ''Yangzhou Meng'' (扬州梦), were particularly celebrated in his day and are now considered part of the classical canon.


Poetry

Much of his ''
sanqu ''Sanqu'' () is a fixed-rhythm form of Classical Chinese poetry or "literary song".Crump (1990), 125 Specifically ''sanqu'' is a subtype of the '' qu'' formal type of poetry. ''Sanqu'' was a notable Chinese poetic form, possibly beginning in the ...
'' lyric poetry has survived, including 209 ''xiaoling'' lyrics and 11 ''taoshu'' suites. All were collected in the ''Complete Sanqu Poems''. His collected works, ''Qiao Ji Ji'', appeared in 1986. Qiao's lyrics combine literary language with the language of the street. One of his methods was referred to as the "six character prescription", which he explained as a lyric poem with a "phoenix head, pig's belly and a leopard tail". Qiao wrote that he had "wandered for forty years", travelling around many of the central and southern areas of China. In ''Looking for Plums'', he described an episode of his wanders in the countryside, visiting villages during winter until he came across a village in a wooded mountain where a beautiful woman lived. Social criticism is also a recurring theme in Qiao Ji's literary works. This often manifested in his poetry, where he constructed imaginary worlds so that they could be rejected. For instance, in the poem ''On Myself'', the poetic persona enjoying his retirement from service described being included in a bureaucracy only to reject its manifestations such as the civil service examination system. Experts compare Qiao Ji's style with the work of Zhang Kejiu, in terms of its elegance and lucidity as well as the style and the use of pleasing sounds. The poem ''Sky-Clear Sand'' involved the combination of topic and comment construction, while his contemporaries wrote their poetry in a structure that began with a topic and followed with the comment.


Notes


References

* Ma Liangchun and Li Futian, ''Encyclopedia of Chinese Literature'', vol. 4, p. 2012. * Li Xiusheng, ''Collected Works of Qiao Ji'', Shanxi Peoples’ Press, 1986. * Bruce E.Carpenter, 'Chinese San-ch’ü Poetry of the Mongol Era: I', ''Tezukayama Daigaku kiyo'' (Journal of Tezukayama University), Nara, Japan, no. 22, pp. 57–60. * Hu Qiaomu, ''The Great Encyclopedia of China'' (Chinese Literature, vol. 1), Beijing-Shanghai, 1986, pp. 622–623. * Sui Shusen, ''Complete Yuan Dynasty Sanqu Lyrics'', vol. 1, Beijing, 1964, pp. 573–647. * Lu, Weifen
"Qiao Ji"
''
Encyclopedia of China The ''Encyclopedia of China'' () is the first large-entry modern encyclopedia in the Chinese language. The compilation began in 1978. Published by the Encyclopedia of China Publishing House, the encyclopedia was issued one volume at a time, begin ...
'', 1st ed. {{DEFAULTSORT:Qiao, Ji Yuan dynasty poets 1345 deaths People from Taiyuan Poets from Shanxi Year of birth unknown Yuan dynasty dramatists and playwrights 14th-century Chinese dramatists and playwrights