Qi Qiaoqiao
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Qi Qiaoqiao (born 1 March 1949) is a
Chinese Chinese can refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of va ...
businesswoman, former civil official, and elder sister to
Xi Jinping Xi Jinping ( ; ; ; born 15 June 1953) is a Chinese politician who has served as the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC), and thus as the paramount leader of China, s ...
, current
Chinese Communist Party The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), officially the Communist Party of China (CPC), is the founding and One-party state, sole ruling party of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC). Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the CCP emerged victoriou ...
general secretary Secretary is a title often used in organizations to indicate a person having a certain amount of authority, power, or importance in the organization. Secretaries announce important events and communicate to the organization. The term is derived ...
and
Paramount leader Paramount leader () is an informal term for the most important political figure in the People's Republic of China (PRC). The paramount leader typically controls the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the People's Liberation Army (PLA), often hol ...
of
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
.


Early life and education

Qi was born in
Yan'an Yan'an (; ), alternatively spelled as Yenan is a prefecture-level city in the Shaanbei region of Shaanxi province, China, bordering Shanxi to the east and Gansu to the west. It administers several counties, including Zhidan (formerly Bao'an ...
in 1949 to
Qi Xin Qi Xin (; born November 3, 1926) is a Chinese author and member of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), who wrote various articles on her husband, Chinese communist revolutionary Xi Zhongxun. She is the mother of Xi Jinping, current General Secr ...
, the second wife of Communist elder,
Xi Zhongxun Xi Zhongxun (15 October 1913 – 24 May 2002) was a Chinese communist revolutionary and a subsequent political official in the People's Republic of China. He is considered to be among the first and second generation of Chinese leadership. ...
. At the age of three, Qi moved with her family to
Beijing } Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 ...
, where she was entered into the
kindergarten Kindergarten is a preschool educational approach based on playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school. Such institutions were originally made in the late 18th cent ...
at
Beihai Beihai (; Postal romanization: Pakhoi) is a prefecture-level city in the south of Guangxi, People's Republic of China. Its status as a seaport on the north shore of the Gulf of Tonkin has granted it historical importance as a port of internation ...
north of the
Forbidden City The Forbidden City () is a Chinese palace, palace complex in Dongcheng District, Beijing, China, at the center of the Imperial City, Beijing, Imperial City of Beijing. It is surrounded by numerous opulent imperial gardens and temples includ ...
. In 1962, Qi entered Hebei Beijing
Middle School A middle school (also known as intermediate school, junior high school, junior secondary school, or lower secondary school) is an educational stage which exists in some countries, providing education between primary school and secondary school. ...
(), which had been one of the few middle schools to participate in the student protests of 1935 that demanded the Nationalist government actively resist the invading Japanese army. When she enrolled, her father insisted that she be registered under her mother's surname, Qi. He also paid for her to board at the school throughout the week. As the daughter of a revolutionary family, Qi was made a member of her school's communist party and served as secretary for her class' communist party. During this time, she contracted
tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by '' Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections show no symptoms, in ...
; the disease that killed both her paternal grandparents. Qi recovered after three months, however, and passed her junior year exams.


Cultural Revolution

Late in 1962,
Xi Zhongxun Xi Zhongxun (15 October 1913 – 24 May 2002) was a Chinese communist revolutionary and a subsequent political official in the People's Republic of China. He is considered to be among the first and second generation of Chinese leadership. ...
was denounced and his children were branded 'children of a criminal' (). Qi was made to attend a special class at school to educate her on the principles of
Marxism Marxism is a Left-wing politics, left-wing to Far-left politics, far-left method of socioeconomic analysis that uses a Materialism, materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand S ...
, along with the children of other disgraced officials and difficult students. When her mother returned home one day having been beaten, Qi also consoled her siblings. In 1969, after the government started the
Down to the Countryside Movement The Up to the Mountains and Down to the Countryside Movement, often known simply as the Down to the Countryside Movement, was a policy instituted in the People's Republic of China between mid 1950s and 1978. As a result of what he perceived to ...
, Qi was officially excluded from joining the army, but managed to persuade the recruitment agency for the
Inner Mongolia Inner Mongolia, officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. Its border includes most of the length of China's border with the country of Mongolia. Inner Mongolia also accounts for a ...
branch to allow her to join them. She was assigned to a rural team near
Tongliao Tongliao (; mn, ''Tüŋliyou qota'', Mongolian Cyrillic: Байшинт хот) is a prefecture-level city in eastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. The area is and as of the 2020 census, its population was 2,873,168 (3,139,153 i ...
city, where she stayed for over six years. Along with the other labourers, Qi was paid 5 Yuan per 10 days for constructing ditches and irrigation systems. Qi later stated that
dysentery Dysentery (UK pronunciation: , US: ), historically known as the bloody flux, is a type of gastroenteritis that results in bloody diarrhea. Other symptoms may include fever, abdominal pain, and a feeling of incomplete defecation. Complications ...
was so common that it was almost like the
common cold The common cold or the cold is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that primarily affects the respiratory mucosa of the nose, throat, sinuses, and larynx. Signs and symptoms may appear fewer than two days after exposu ...
. Once, when she was running a fever, Qi was sent to collect water and nearly fainted into the pit. She was later transferred to another team near Tongliao. In February 1978, Qi's father was rehabilitated and he was sent to work in
Guangdong Guangdong (, ), alternatively romanized as Canton or Kwangtung, is a coastal province in South China on the north shore of the South China Sea. The capital of the province is Guangzhou. With a population of 126.01 million (as of 2020) ...
; Qi accompanied him as his secretary. While there, Qi attended the First Military Medical University, but she suspended her studies due to health reasons. On her recovery, Qi worked in the Military Communications Bureau of
Guangzhou Guangzhou (, ; ; or ; ), also known as Canton () and alternatively romanized as Kwongchow or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of Guangdong province in southern China. Located on the Pearl River about north-northwest of Hong Kon ...
, where she was responsible for repatriating
Vietnamese Vietnamese may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Vietnam, a country in Southeast Asia ** A citizen of Vietnam. See Demographics of Vietnam. * Vietnamese people, or Kinh people, a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to Vietnam ** Overse ...
female prisoners of
war War is an intense armed conflict between states, governments, societies, or paramilitary groups such as mercenaries, insurgents, and militias. It is generally characterized by extreme violence, destruction, and mortality, using regular o ...
. When her father returned to
Beijing } Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 ...
, Qi went with him and enrolled in the Foreign Affairs College.


Career

After graduation, Qi worked for the police as deputy director of the General Office and director of the Foreign Affairs Bureau. In 2002,
Qi Xin Qi Xin (; born November 3, 1926) is a Chinese author and member of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), who wrote various articles on her husband, Chinese communist revolutionary Xi Zhongxun. She is the mother of Xi Jinping, current General Secr ...
advised her daughter to seek employment after the death of her father. Though Qi argued that, being 50, she was close to retirement, she enrolled in an EMBA course at
Tsinghua University Tsinghua University (; abbreviation, abbr. THU) is a National university, national Public university, public research university in Beijing, China. The university is funded by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Minis ...
in 2004. Qi set up the company Qinchuan Dadi Investment Limited () in 2007, along with her husband
Deng Jiagui Deng Jiagui (born 1951; 邓家贵) is a Chinese businessman, and brother-in-law of Xi Jinping, who is current General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and paramount leader of China since 2012. Deng Jiagui is a Canadian citizen and res ...
. The company predominantly invests in the mining sector and real estate. In 2014, multiple news agencies reported that
Xi Jinping Xi Jinping ( ; ; ; born 15 June 1953) is a Chinese politician who has served as the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC), and thus as the paramount leader of China, s ...
, Qi's brother and newly the Chinese leader, had instructed her to sell her assets and withdraw from the business world.


Businesses

In addition to Qinchuan Dadi Investment Limited, Qi co-owns
Shenzhen Shenzhen (; ; ; ), also historically known as Sham Chun, is a major sub-provincial city and one of the special economic zones of China. The city is located on the east bank of the Pearl River estuary on the central coast of southern province ...
Yuanwei Investment Company with her husband. Qi is thought to own, directly or through her daughter and husband, company shares and real estate valued in the hundreds of millions of
United States dollars The United States dollar ( symbol: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ or U.S. Dollar, to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies; referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, American dollar, or colloquially buck) is the officia ...
. Qi has bought shares in various companies, including the Wanda Commerce Real Estate Company, which she purchased with
Deng Jiagui Deng Jiagui (born 1951; 邓家贵) is a Chinese businessman, and brother-in-law of Xi Jinping, who is current General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and paramount leader of China since 2012. Deng Jiagui is a Canadian citizen and res ...
for US$28.6 million in 2009. Qi and her husband transferred the shares in 2013, supposedly to an employee, so that the couple could avoid claims of conflict of interest.


Property

In 2020, the New York Times released a report which mentioned Qi Qiaoqiao and her daughter, Zhang Yannan. Qi Qiaoqiao was shown to have bought property in Hong Kong as early as 1991, with a 2012 Bloomberg report stating that the property was bought for HK $3 million at the Pacific Palisades complex in
Braemar Hill Braemar Hill () is a hill with a height of south of Braemar Point on Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. The hill was likely named after the Scottish village of Braemar by British officials. Contrary to popular belief, the peak of Braemar Hill lies o ...
. The Bloomberg report also mentioned that Qi would sometimes use the alias Chai Lin-hing for ownership of companies and property. In 2005, her daughter, Zhang Yannan was transferred a property from her parents, a unit at Regent on the Park in
Mid-Levels Mid-Levels is an affluent residential area on Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong. It is located between Victoria Peak and Central. Residents are predominantly more affluent Hong Kong locals and expatriate professionals. The Mid-Levels is further ...
. Zhang Yannan was also shown to own a villa at Repulse Bay Garden on Belleview Drive in
Repulse Bay Repulse Bay or Tsin Shui Wan is a bay in the southern part of Hong Kong Island, located in the Southern District, Hong Kong. It is one of the most expensive residential areas in the world. Geography Repulse Bay is located in the southern ...
, bought in 2009 for US $19.3 million. Along with that property, the New York Times found that Zhang Yannan owns at least 5 other properties in Hong Kong, with Bloomberg specifying that 4 of the units are at the Convention Plaza Apartments in
Wan Chai Wan Chai is situated at the western part of the Wan Chai District on the northern shore of Hong Kong Island, in Hong Kong. Its other boundaries are Canal Road, Hong Kong, Canal Road to the east, Arsenal Street to the west and Bowen Road to th ...
.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Qi, Qiaoqiao 1949 births Living people Xi Jinping family Tsinghua University alumni Businesspeople from Shaanxi People named in the Panama Papers Women investors 20th-century Chinese businesswomen 20th-century Chinese businesspeople 21st-century Chinese businesswomen 21st-century Chinese businesspeople Chinese investors Sent-down youths