Sayyid Nurullah ibn Sharif al-Mar'ashi al-Shustari, commonly known as Qazi Nurullah Shushtari (1549–1610), also known as ''Shahid-e-Salis'' (third martyr) was an eminent Shia faqih (jurist) and

alim Alim (''ʿAlīm'' , also anglicized as ''Aleem'') is one of the Names of God in Islam, meaning "''All-knowing one''". It is also used as a personal name, as a short form of Abdul Alim, "''Servant of the All-Knowing''": Given name * Alim ad-Din ...

(scholar) of the Mughal period. He may also have served as the Qazi-ul-Quzaa during the reign of

Akbar Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar (25 October 1542 – 27 October 1605), popularly known as Akbar the Great ( fa, ), and also as Akbar I (), was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605. Akbar succeeded his father, Hum ...

Life

He was born in 1549 CE (956 AH) at Shushtar, in present-day

Khuzestan Khuzestan Province (also spelled Xuzestan; fa, استان خوزستان ''Ostān-e Xūzestān'') is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the southwest of the country, bordering Iraq and the Persian Gulf. Its capital is Ahvaz and it cover ...

, south of

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

. He belonged to the Marashi family in

Amol Amol ( fa, آمل – ; ; also Romanized as Āmol and Amul) is a city and the administrative center of Amol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran, with a population of around 300,000 people. Amol is located on the Haraz river bank. It is less th ...

. He moved from

Mashhad Mashhad ( fa, مشهد, Mašhad ), also spelled Mashad, is the second-most-populous city in Iran, located in the relatively remote north-east of the country about from Tehran. It serves as the capital of Razavi Khorasan Province and has a po ...

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area, the List of countries and dependencies by population, second-most populous ...

, on 1

Shawwal Shawwal ( ar, شَوَّال, ') is the tenth month of the lunar based Islamic calendar. ''Shawwāl'' stems from the verb ''shāla'' () which means to 'lift or carry', generally to take or move things from one place to another, Fasting during S ...

992/6 October 1584. Although according to some accounts, the year may have been 1587.The Shi'a of India-Page 140, By John Norman Hollister-1953 He was an emissary of

Kashmir Kashmir () is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term "Kashmir" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. Today, the term encompas ...

obtained the first census of the areas of

Mughal Empire The Mughal Empire was an early-modern empire that controlled much of South Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries. Quote: "Although the first two Timurid emperors and many of their noblemen were recent migrants to the subcontinent, the d ...

during Akbar's reign.

Death

When Jahangir came to power his position within the court came under threat both from the enemies he had made while settling the disputes in Agra and Kashmir, and from Jahangir's own orthodox stance. Ultimately his own book Ahqaq-ul-haq was presented as evidence against him, he was declared a heretic and sentenced to death due to his religious beliefs. He was executed by flogging in Jumada II 1019/September 1610, at the age of 61. There is a famous debate shedding light on his assassination in the book ''Peshawar Nights''.

Legacy

His tomb at

Agra Agra (, ) is a city on the banks of the Yamuna river in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, about south-east of the national capital New Delhi and 330 km west of the state capital Lucknow. With a population of roughly 1.6 million, Agra ...

is under waqf deed of Dawood Nori Nasir Bagh. The deed states that a member from the family of Nasirul Millat would be patron of the Mazar. Shushtari wrote approximately fifty books and essays in Islamic sciences like

kalam ''ʿIlm al-Kalām'' ( ar, عِلْم الكَلام, literally "science of discourse"), usually foreshortened to ''Kalām'' and sometimes called "Islamic scholastic theology" or "speculative theology", is the philosophical study of Islamic doc ...

jurisprudence Jurisprudence, or legal theory, is the theoretical study of the propriety of law. Scholars of jurisprudence seek to explain the nature of law in its most general form and they also seek to achieve a deeper understanding of legal reasoning ...

and sirah. He is considered as one of the scholars who paved the way for the development of

Shia Islam Shīʿa Islam or Shīʿīsm is the second-largest branch of Islam. It holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib as his successor (''khalīfa'') and the Imam (spiritual and political leader) after him, mos ...

Works

He wrote many works in different disciplines. some of them are as follow: *

Majalis al-muminin ''Majalis al Mo'minin'' (Persian:مجالس المومنین) is a book with biographies and works of Shia Islam scholars such as followers of the Twelve Imams, theologians and philosophers. This book is also about Shia Islam theological subjects. ...

*Ihqaq Al Haq va Izahaq Al atil *Commentary on

Quran The Quran (, ; Standard Arabic: , Quranic Arabic: , , 'the recitation'), also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation from God. It is organized in 114 chapters (pl.: , ...

*a glosses on Tahzib al Ahkam by Shaykh Tusi * Ilzam Al Naseb.

References

External links

An Oriental Biographical Dictionary: Founded on material collected by Thomas William Beale New edition revised by Henry George Keene (1826–1915), Henry George Keene

Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal

Biography: Shaheed-e-Thalith Qazi Nurullah Shustari

Biography:Qazi Nurullah Shustari -Jafariyanews {{DEFAULTSORT:Qazi Nurullah Shustari 16th-century Muslim scholars of Islam Shia scholars of Islam Mazandarani people Indian Shia Muslims Indian people of Iranian descent 1549 births 1610 deaths Iranian emigrants to the Mughal Empire Mar'ashis