The Qajar dynasty (listen (help·info); Persian: سلسله قاجار‎ Selsele-ye Qājār, Azerbaijani: قاجارلر‎, Qacarlar)^[a] was an Iranian^[1] royal dynasty of Turkic origin,^[2][3][4][5] specifically from the Qajar tribe, ruling over Iran from 1789 to 1925.^[6][7] The Qajar family took full control of Iran in 1794, deposing Lotf 'Ali Khan, the last Shah of the Zand dynasty, and re-asserted Iranian sovereignty over large parts of the Caucasus. In 1796, Mohammad Khan Qajar seized Mashhad with ease,^[8] putting an end to the Afsharid dynasty, and Mohammad Khan was formally crowned as Shah after his punitive campaign against Iran's Georgian subjects.^[9] In the Caucasus, the Qajar dynasty permanently lost many of Iran's integral areas^[10] to the Russians over the course of the 19th century, comprising modern-day Georgia, Dagestan, Azerbaijan and Armenia.^[11]