Prunus subg. Padus
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''Prunus'' subg. ''Padus'' is a
subgenus In biology, a subgenus (plural: subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus. In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between ...
of ''
Prunus ''Prunus'' is a genus of trees and shrubs, which includes (among many others) the fruits plums, cherries, peaches, nectarines, apricots, and almonds. Native to the North American temperate regions, the neotropics of South America, and the ...
'', characterised by having
racemose A raceme ( or ) or racemoid is an unbranched, indeterminate type of inflorescence bearing flowers having short floral stalks along the shoots that bear the flowers. The oldest flowers grow close to the base and new flowers are produced as the s ...
inflorescence An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are forme ...
s. ''Padus'' was originally a distinct genus, but genetic and morphological studies have shown that ''Padus'' is
polyphyletic A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of conver ...
. It has been proposed that all the racemose taxa within ''Prunus'' (''Padus'', ''Maddenia'', ''Laurocerasus'' and ''Pygeum'') are incorporated into a broad-sense ''Prunus'' subg. ''Padus''. However, this broad-sense ''Prunus'' subg. ''Padus'' is not
monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gr ...
either.


Species


''Padus''

Species formerly included in the genus ''Padus'' are mostly incorporated into this subgenus, except '' P. maackii'' and '' P. xingshanensis'' which are included in ''Prunus'' subg. ''Cerasus''. They are deciduous and have small, sour
fruit In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants that is formed from the ovary after flowering. Fruits are the means by which flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) disseminate their seeds. Edible fruits in partic ...
usually only palatable to
bird Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweig ...
s, hence the name bird cherries. Bird cherries are native throughout the temperate
Northern Hemisphere The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the Equator. For other planets in the Solar System, north is defined as being in the same celestial hemisphere relative to the invariable plane of the solar system as Earth's Nort ...
, including: *''
Prunus brachypoda ''Prunus'' is a genus of trees and shrubs, which includes (among many others) the fruits plums, cherries, peaches, nectarines, apricots, and almonds. Native to the North American temperate regions, the neotropics of South America, and the pale ...
'' – China *'' Prunus brunnescens'' – Sichuan and Yunnan *''
Prunus buergeriana ''Prunus buergeriana'', in Japanese イヌザクラ (inu-zakura), meaning dog cherry, is a species of bird cherry native to Japan, Korea, Taiwan, China, northeast India (Sikkim), and Bhutan. In China it prefers to grow on mountain slopes at 1000 ...
'' – Buerger's bird cherry, East Asia and Himalaya *''
Prunus cornuta ''Prunus cornuta'', the Himalayan bird cherry, is a species of bird cherry native to the foothills of the Himalayas, including China and the countries of the Indian subcontinent. A medium-sized tree, it can reach 18m. It is used for a rootstock ...
'' – Himalayan bird cherry, Himalaya *''
Prunus grayana ''Prunus grayana'' (syn. ''Padus grayana'' ( Maxim.) C.K.Schneid., ''Prunus padus'' var. ''japonica'' Miq.; Japanese bird cherry or Gray's bird cherry; Japanese ; Chinese ) is a species of bird cherry native to Japan and China, occurring a ...
'' – Gray's bird cherry, China and Japan *'' Prunus gyirongensis'' entire-leaved bird cherry, Tibet *''
Prunus napaulensis ''Prunus napaulensis'' is a species of bird cherry native to the eastern foothills of the Himalayas, including Nepal, Myanmar and China. A tree, it can reach 27m and prefers to grow between 1800 and 3000m above sea level. The fruit is edible, an ...
'' Nepalese bird cherry, China and Himalaya *''
Prunus obtusata ''Prunus obtusata'' (, ) is a species of bird cherry Bird cherry is a common name for the European plant ''Prunus padus''. Bird cherry may also refer to: * ''Prunus'' subg. ''Padus'', a group of species closely related to ''Prunus padus'' * '' ...
'' - China *''
Prunus padus ''Prunus padus'', known as bird cherry, hackberry, hagberry, or Mayday tree, is a flowering plant in the Rosaceae, rose family. It is a species of cherry, a deciduous small tree or large shrub up to tall. It is the type species of the subgenus ...
'' – bird cherry or Eurasian bird cherry, Eurasia *''
Prunus perulata ''Prunus perulata'' () is a species of bird cherry Bird cherry is a common name for the European plant ''Prunus padus''. Bird cherry may also refer to: * ''Prunus'' subg. ''Padus'', a group of species closely related to ''Prunus padus'' * ''P ...
'' – Sichuan and Yunnan *'' Prunus serotina'' – black cherry, North America *''
Prunus ssiori ''Prunus ssiori'', the Hokkaido bird cherry or Japanese bird cherry, is a species of bird cherry native to northern Japan, Sakhalin Island, and the Kuril Islands The Kuril Islands or Kurile Islands (; rus, Кури́льские остров ...
'' – Hokkaido bird cherry, Japan and Sakhalin *''
Prunus stellipila ''Prunus stellipila'' () is a species of ''Prunus'' native to central China, preferring to grow at 1000–1800m. It is a tree typically 6–9m tall, but reaching 20m. Uses People in rural Shaanxi province Shaanxi (alternatively Shensi, see ...
'' – China *''
Prunus velutina ''Prunus'' is a genus of trees and shrubs, which includes (among many others) the fruits plums, cherries, peaches, nectarines, apricots, and almonds. Native to the North American temperate regions, the neotropics of South America, and the pale ...
'' – China *''
Prunus virginiana ''Prunus virginiana'', commonly called bitter-berry, chokecherry, Virginia bird cherry, and western chokecherry (also black chokecherry for ''P. virginiana'' var. ''demissa''), is a species of bird cherry (''Prunus'' subgenus ''Padus'') nat ...
'' – chokecherry, North America *''
Prunus wilsonii ''Prunus wilsonii'' () is a species of ''Prunus'' native to southeast China, preferring to grow at 950–2500m. It is a deciduous tree reaching a height of 10–30m. Uses Wood from ''Prunus wilsonii'' was used to carve the Shakyamuni (Shaka Ny ...
'' – Wilson's bird cherry, China


''Maddenia''

Species formerly included in the genus ''Maddenia'' ( zh, 假稠李, false bird cherries, or , odorous cherries) form a
monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gr ...
group. They are similar to bird cherries but lack petals. There are three species: * ''
Prunus himalayana ''Prunus himalayana'', called jyokun shin in Tibetan and 喜马拉雅臭樱 in Chinese, is a species of ''Prunus ''Prunus'' is a genus of trees and shrubs, which includes (among many others) the fruits plums, cherries, peaches, nectarines, ap ...
'' (synonym: ''Prunus gongshanensis'') – Himalayan false bird cherry, southwestern China, Myanmar, Himalaya * '' Prunus hypoleuca'' (synonyms: ''Prunus fujianensis'', ''Prunus incisoserrata'') – false bird cherry, China * '' Prunus hypoxantha'' – Sichuan false bird cherry, western to central China


''Laurocerasus''

Species formerly included in the genus ''Laurocerasus'' (cherry laurels) are evergreen and distributed in
subtropics The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical and climate zones to the north and south of the tropics. Geographically part of the temperate zones of both hemispheres, they cover the middle latitudes from to approximately 35° nort ...
and
tropics The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also refer ...
. Examples are: * '' Prunus amplifolia'' * ''
Prunus brittoniana ''Prunus'' is a genus of trees and shrubs, which includes (among many others) the fruits plums, cherries, peaches, nectarines, apricots, and almonds. Native to the North American temperate regions, the neotropics of South America, and the pale ...
'' * ''
Prunus caroliniana ''Prunus caroliniana'', known as the Carolina laurelcherry, Carolina cherry laurel, Carolina cherry, or Cherry laurel, is a small evergreen flowering tree native to the lowlands of Southeastern United States, from North Carolina south to Florida ...
'' * '' Prunus ilicifolia'' * ''
Prunus integrifolia ''Prunus integrifolia'' is a tree native to mountain forests of western South America. It has much larger leaves A leaf ( : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and s ...
'' * '' Prunus javanica'' * ''
Prunus laurocerasus ''Prunus laurocerasus'', also known as cherry laurel, common laurel and sometimes English laurel in North America, is an evergreen species of cherry ('' Prunus''), native to regions bordering the Black Sea in southwestern Asia and southeastern ...
'' * '' Prunus lusitanica'' * '' Prunus myrtifolia'' * '' Prunus oblonga'' * ''
Prunus occidentalis ''Prunus occidentalis'' is a plant in the family Rosaceae of the order Rosales.''Cerasus ...
'' * '' Prunus oleifolia'' * '' Prunus phaeosticta'' * '' Prunus reflexa'' * '' Prunus spinulosa'' * '' Prunus tucumanensis'' * '' Prunus undulata''


''Pygeum''

The ''Pygeum'' group is monophyletic if '' P. africana'' (possibly as well as '' P. crassifolia'') is excluded. All the species formerly included in the genus ''Pygeum'', except ''P. africana'', are native to tropical
Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...
and
Oceania Oceania (, , ) is a region, geographical region that includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Spanning the Eastern Hemisphere, Eastern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of ...
. They are similar to cherry laurels but lack petals. Examples are: * ''
Prunus africana ''Prunus africana'', the African cherry, has a wide distribution in Africa, occurring in montane regions of central and southern Africa and on the islands of Bioko, São-Tomé, Grande Comore, and Madagascar. It can be found at above sea level. I ...
'' * '' Prunus arborea'' * ''
Prunus ceylanica ''Prunus ceylanica'' is a species of plant in the family Rosaceae. It is a resident species to Sri Lanka and India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area ...
'' * '' Prunus costata'' * '' Prunus crassifolia'' * '' Prunus dolichobotrys'' * '' Prunus gazelle-peninsulae'' * '' Prunus grisea'' * '' Prunus lancilimba'' * '' Prunus malayana'' * '' Prunus oligantha'' * '' Prunus oocarpa'' * '' Prunus polystachya'' * '' Prunus pullei'' * '' Prunus schlechteri'' * ''
Prunus turneriana ''Prunus turneriana'' is a species of ''Prunus'' native to Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bil ...
'' * '' Prunus wallaceana''


References


External links

*North Dakota State University agriculture information page about ''Prunus virginiana'


{{Taxonbar, from=Q1935589 Bird cherries, Padus Cherries Plant subgenera