The Directive on the promotion of cogeneration based on a useful heat demand in the internal energy market and amending Directive 92/42/EEC,
[Directive 2004/8/EC]
OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 11 February 2004 on the promotion of cogeneration based on a useful heat demand in the internal energy market and amending Directive 92/62/EEC, published 21 February 2004 in the Official Journal of the European Communities: L 52/50 officially Directive 2004/8/EC, is a
European Union directive for promoting the use of
cogeneration, popularly better known as the '
Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Directive'.
Its aim is to increase the
energy efficiency
Energy efficiency may refer to:
* Energy efficiency (physics), the ratio between the useful output and input of an energy conversion process
** Electrical efficiency, useful power output per electrical power consumed
** Mechanical efficiency, a ra ...
and improve the
security of supply
Energy security is the association between national security and the availability of natural resources for energy consumption. Access to (relatively) cheap energy has become essential to the functioning of modern economies. However, the uneven d ...
of energy, to be achieved by creating a framework for the promotion and development of high efficiency cogeneration.
The directive entered into force in February 2004 and member states have been obliged to begin its implementation since 2006. However, due to delays resulting out of the
comitology process, member states were given until 6 August 2007 to adopt the first obligations of the directive. The directive amended a former directive, Directive 92/62/EEC.
It is intended that the directive will have a significant impact on the legislation and the diffusion of
CHP/
cogeneration and
district heating within the member states of the European Union.
In summary, the Member States are obliged to produce reports covering their analysis of the state of CHP in their own countries, to promote CHP and show what is being done to promote it, to report on and remove barriers, and to track progress of high-efficiency cogeneration within the energy market.
Directorate-General for Energy
The directive comes under and is administered by the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Energy.
Support mechanism for CHP per member states
EU27 – Member States' national support schemes available by categories:
RES = Renewable energy sources
NG = Natural gas
Certificates: W = White certificates, R = Red certificates, Y = Yellow certificates, G = Green certificates
Notes:
# Grant support system to assist the deployment of small scale (less than 1 MWe) fossil-fired CHP and biomass (anaerobic digestion and wood residue) CHP systems + Financial tax incentives (Accelerated Capital Allowance Scheme)
# Support schemes are under consideration in Malta
# In Poland Red certificates are the equivalent of White certificates (for CHP) in other countries. Polish Authorities also created Yellow certificates (for Natural gas and CHP small systems below 1 MW of electric output) which compensate for relatively high cost of natural gas or high investment cost of distributed systems.
# Under the UK's
Renewables Obligation, CHP plants using renewable energy fuel, such as biomass and biogas, benefit from a premium on each MWh of electricity produced. New feed-in tariffs for renewables were expected to enter into force from April 2010. The UK is
no longer a member of the European Union.
See also
*
Energy policy of the European Union
*
Cogeneration
*
District heating
*
Euroheat & power
*
Relative cost of electricity generated by different sources
Different methods of electricity generation can incur a variety of different costs, which can be divided into three general categories: 1) wholesale costs, or all costs paid by utilities associated with acquiring and distributing electricity to ...
*
COGEN Europe
*
Gas engine
A gas engine is an internal combustion engine that runs on a gaseous fuel, such as coal gas, producer gas, biogas, landfill gas or natural gas. In the United Kingdom, the term is unambiguous. In the United States, due to the widespread use of ...
*
New York City steam system
*
Organic Rankine cycle
In thermal engineering, the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is a type of thermodynamic cycle. It is a variation of the Rankine cycle named for its use of an organic, high-molecular-mass fluid whose vaporization temperature is lower than that of wat ...
*
Pinch analysis
Pinch analysis is a methodology for minimising energy consumption of process (engineering), chemical processes by calculating thermodynamically feasible ''energy targets'' (or minimum energy consumption) and achieving them by optimising heat reco ...
*
Stirling engine
References
{{Reflist
External links
Official Commission page on the CHP DirectiveOpinion on questions of law arising from the interpretation of the CHP directive 2004/8/EC
Energy Efficiency
Energy efficiency may refer to:
* Energy efficiency (physics), the ratio between the useful output and input of an energy conversion process
** Electrical efficiency, useful power output per electrical power consumed
** Mechanical efficiency, a ra ...
Cogeneration
Cogeneration
2004 in law
2004 in the European Union