Procyanidin B2 is a

B type proanthocyanidin B type proanthocyanidins are a specific type of proanthocyanidin, which are a class of flavanoids. They are oligomers of flavan-3-ols. Dimeric B type proanthocyanidins These molecules have the molecular formula C30H26O12 (molar mass : 578.52 g/m ...

. Its structure is (−)- Epicatechin-(4β→8)-(−)-epicatechin. Procyanidin B2 can be found in ''

Cinchona pubescens ''Cinchona pubescens'', also known as red cinchona and quina (Kina) ( ''Cascarilla, cinchona''; ''quina-do-amazonas, quineira''), is native to Central and South America. It is known as a medicinal plant for its bark's high quinine content- and ...

'' (Chinchona: in the rind, bark, and cortex), in ''

Cinnamomum verum ''Cinnamomum verum'', called true cinnamon tree or Ceylon cinnamon tree, is a small evergreen tree belonging to the family Lauraceae, native to Sri Lanka. The inner bark of several other '' Cinnamomum'' species are also used to make cinnamon, but ...

'' (Ceylon cinnamon: in the rind, bark, and cortex), in ''

Crataegus monogyna ''Crataegus monogyna'', known as common hawthorn, one-seed hawthorn, or single-seeded hawthorn, is a species of flowering plant in the rose family Rosaceae. It is native to Europe, northwestern Africa, and West Asia, but has been introduced i ...

'' (Common hawthorn: in the flower and blossom), in ''

Uncaria guianensis ''Uncaria guianensis'', the cat's claw, is a plant species in the genus ''Uncaria'' found in the Amazon biome. Other names for the plant include ''uña de gato'', ''Paraguayo'' and ''vincaria''. ''Uncaria guianensis'' contains many phytochemical ...

'' (Cat's claw: in the root), in ''

Vitis vinifera ''Vitis vinifera'', the common grape vine, is a species of flowering plant, native to the Mediterranean region, Central Europe, and southwestern Asia, from Morocco and Portugal north to southern Germany and east to northern Iran. There are cur ...

'' (Common grape vine: in the leaf), in ''

Litchi chinensis Lychee (US: ; UK: ; ''Litchi chinensis''; ) is a monotypic taxon and the sole member in the genus ''Litchi'' in the soapberry family, ''Sapindaceae''. It is a tropical tree native to Southeast and Southwest China (the Guangdong, Fujian, Yun ...

'' (litchi: in the pericarp),Immunomodulatory and anticancer activities of flavonoids extracted from litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) pericarp. Mouming Zhao; Bao Yang; Jinshui Wang; Yang Liu; Limei Yu; Yueming Jiang, 2007
/ref> in the

apple An apple is an edible fruit produced by an apple tree (''Malus domestica''). Apple trees are cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown species in the genus '' Malus''. The tree originated in Central Asia, where its wild ancest ...

, and in ''

Ecdysanthera utilis ''Urceola micrantha'' is a plant species in the genus '' Urceola''. It is a shrub widespread across much of East Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Himalayas. In Taïwan, it is used in folk medicine as an analgesic, antiphlogistic and spasmolytic ag ...

''. Procyanidin B2 can be converted into

procyanidin A2 Procyanidin A2 is an A type proanthocyanidin. It is found in avocado, chestnut, cranberry juice concentrate, lychee fruit pericarp, peanut skins, Cinchona cortex, cinnamon cortex, ''Urvillea ulmaceae'', and ''Ecdysanthera utilis''. Synthesis ...

by radical oxidation using

1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl DPPH is a common abbreviation for the organic chemical compound 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. It is a dark-colored crystalline powder composed of stable free radical molecules. DPPH has two major applications, both in laboratory research: one is ...

(DPPH) radicals under neutral conditions. Procyanidin B2 has been shown to inhibit the formation of the

advanced glycation end-product Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are proteins or lipids that become glycated as a result of exposure to sugars. They are a bio-marker implicated in aging and the development, or worsening, of many degenerative diseases, such as diabetes, ath ...

pentosidine Pentosidine is a biomarker for advanced glycation endproducts, or AGEs. It is a well characterized and easily detected member of this large class of compounds. Background AGEs are biochemicals formed continuously under normal circumstances, but ...

, carboxymethyllysine (CML), and

methylglyoxal Methylglyoxal (MGO) is the organic compound with the formula CH3C(O)CHO. It is a reduced derivative of pyruvic acid. It is a reactive compound that is implicated in the biology of diabetes. Methylglyoxal is produced industrially by degradation ...

(MGO).

References

Procyanidin dimers {{Aromatic-stub

See also

References