, title =

Princess Imperial of Brazil Prince Imperial is the title created after the proclamation of independence of the Empire of Brazil, in 1822, to designate the heir apparent or the heir presumptive to the Brazilian imperial throne. Even after the proclamation of the Republic i ...

Countess of Aquila , image = Januaria of Brazil 1865.(2).jpg , image_size = , caption = Princess Januária photographed in 1865 , spouse = , issue = Prince Luigi, Count of Roccaguglielma
Princess Maria Isabella
Prince Filippo
Prince Maria Emanuele , house = Braganza , father = Pedro I of Brazil , mother =

Maria Leopoldina of Austria , issue = , issue-link = #Children , issue-pipe = , house = Habsburg-Lorraine , father = Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor , mother = Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily , religion = Roman Catholicism , si ...

, birth_date = , birth_place = Saint Christopher's Palace,

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a ...

, Kingdom of Brazil , death_date = , death_place =

Nice Nice ( , ; Niçard dialect, Niçard: , classical norm, or , nonstandard, ; it, Nizza ; lij, Nissa; grc, Νίκαια; la, Nicaea) is the prefecture of the Alpes-Maritimes departments of France, department in France. The Nice urban unit, agg ...

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (; or , ; commonly shortened to PACA; en, Provence-Alps-French Riviera, italic=yes; also branded as Région Sud) is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France, the far southeastern on the mainland. Its pref ...

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...

, burial_place = , religion = Roman Catholicism Princess Januária of Brazil (; ''Januária Maria Joana Carlota Leopoldina Cândida Francisca Xavier de Paula Micaela Gabriela Rafaela Gonzaga''; 11 March 1822 – 13 March 1901) was a Brazilian princess and Portuguese

infanta ''Infante'' (, ; f. ''infanta''), also anglicised as Infant or translated as Prince, is the title and rank given in the Iberian kingdoms of Spain (including the predecessor kingdoms of Aragon, Castile, Navarre, and León) and Portugal to th ...

(princess). She was the second daughter of Pedro I of Brazil and IV of Portugal and his first wife, Archduchess Maria Leopoldina of Austria.

Early life

Dona Januária was born at the Royal Palace of São Cristóvão in Rio de Janeiro as an Infanta of Portugal during the reign of her grandfather King John VI of Portugal and Brazil. She was the second surviving daughter of Pedro, the Prince Royal of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves and Leopoldina,

Archduchess of Austria The Archduchy of Austria (german: Erzherzogtum Österreich) was a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire and the nucleus of the Habsburg monarchy. With its capital at Vienna, the archduchy was centered at the Empire's southeastern periph ...

after the birth of her older sister, Queen

Maria II of Portugal , image = Queen Maria II by John Simpson.jpg , caption = Portrait by John Simpson, 1835 , succession = Queen of Portugal , reign = , predecessor = Pedro IV , successor = Miguel I , reg-type = Regents , regent ...

, in 1819. Princess Januária grew up alongside her siblings Emperor Pedro II, Princess Paula and Princess Francisca. Her name was chosen by his father as a way of honoring the province of

. Januária, was born only one month after the death of her brother

João Carlos, Prince of Beira João Carlos Pedro Leopoldo Borromeo, Prince of Beira; ( en, John Charles; 6 March 1821, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil – 4 February 1822, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) was a Portuguese ''infante'' (prince), son of heir-apparent to the throne Pedro, Pr ...

. She lost her mother at the age of four and saw her father leave for the Kingdom of Portugal with her stepmother and her older sister at nine to fight the

Liberal Wars The Liberal Wars (), also known as the Portuguese Civil War (), the War of the Two Brothers () or Miguelite War (), was a war between liberal constitutionalists and conservative absolutists in Portugal over royal succession that lasted from 18 ...

. She grew up under extremely strict education. In 1833, Princess Paula Mariana died before she was 10 years old. Princess Januaria, through a letter, reported the event to her father: ''Beloved, Daddy. Despite our constant supplications to heaven, our dear sister Paula Mariana left. We found no consolation. Our beloved sister is no longer with us. In addition, little Pedro became seriously ill. We came to think that he had caught the same fever as Paula Mariana, but thank heavens he has improved and is already sitting in his study room. To express our gratitude, we, sister Chica and I, your daughter Januária, will not eat sugar until Pedro's birthday, December 2. Dear Dad, we are desperate and in great dismay. You miss us a lot and we also miss our sister Maria da Glória and all those who are with you in Lisbon. With the promise of always being obedient and loving children, Januaria, Francisca and Pedro.''

Heiress to Portugal and Brazil

As Januária was born before her father declared Brazil and independent nation, she was recognized as an Infanta of Portugal and as third in line for that throne after her father and elder sister,

Maria Maria may refer to: People * Mary, mother of Jesus * Maria (given name), a popular given name in many languages Place names Extraterrestrial * 170 Maria, a Main belt S-type asteroid discovered in 1877 * Lunar maria (plural of ''mare''), large, ...

. Between her father's abdication in 1826 and her sister's deposition by their

uncle An uncle is usually defined as a male relative who is a sibling of a parent or married to a sibling of a parent. Uncles who are related by birth are second-degree relatives. The female counterpart of an uncle is an aunt, and the reciprocal rela ...

in 1828, Januária was heiress presumptive throne of Portugal. Following Maria's restoration as queen in 1834, Januária was likewise restored as heir heir, and would remain so until the birth of her nephew Pedro, Prince Royal in 1837. As is tradition in Portugal, Januária lost all right to the throne by marrying a foreigner. From 1835 until 1845, she held the title

, as the

heir presumptive An heir presumptive is the person entitled to inherit a throne, peerage, or other hereditary honour, but whose position can be displaced by the birth of an heir apparent or a new heir presumptive with a better claim to the position in question. ...

of her brother Emperor Pedro II. When her sister

was excluded from the Brazilian line of succession by law no. 91 of 30 October 1835, Januária became heir presumptive to the throne of the

Empire of Brazil The Empire of Brazil was a 19th-century state that broadly comprised the territories which form modern Brazil and (until 1828) Uruguay. Its government was a representative parliamentary constitutional monarchy under the rule of Emperors Dom ...

. Her younger brother Pedro II was then a minor, and consideration was given to declaring her

regent A regent (from Latin : ruling, governing) is a person appointed to govern a state '' pro tempore'' (Latin: 'for the time being') because the monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge the powers and duties of the monarchy ...

, though this never materialized. On August 4, 1836, Januária (then 14 years old) entered the hall of the palace of the Senate, wearing a rich gold dress on which was distinguished the insignia of the Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of the Southern Cross and, In the presence of the deputies, with his hand on the missal, solemnly declared in a moving voice: ''I swear to keep the Catholic, Apostolic, Roman religion; Observe the Political Constitution of the Brazilian Nation and be obedient to the laws and the Emperor.'' In this way, she became the Princess Imperial of Brazil (heir to the throne) until the birth of Prince Afonso, son of Pedro II.

Marriage

Januária, Princess Imperial of Brazil and Countess of Aquila with her children

Pedro II his wife his sister and brother in law

As only a Brazilian member of the

Imperial House A dynasty is a sequence of rulers from the same family,''Oxford English Dictionary'', "dynasty, ''n''." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1897. usually in the context of a monarchical system, but sometimes also appearing in republics. A d ...

could inherit the throne, it became critically important for marriages to be arranged for Januária Maria, Pedro II, and their sister Francisca. Spouses for both Januária and Pedro II were found in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. Her marriage to Prince Louis of the Two Sicilies, Count of Aquila (brother of Pedro II's new wife,

Empress Teresa Cristina Dona Teresa Cristina (14 March 182228 December 1889), nicknamed "the Mother of the Brazilians", was the Empress consort of Emperor Dom Pedro II of Brazil, who reigned from 1831 to 1889. Born a Princess of the Kingdom of the Two Sicil ...

) was celebrated on 28 April 1844 in

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

. Her husband was a son of

Francis I of the Two Sicilies Francis I of the Two Sicilies ( it, Francesco Gennaro Giuseppe Saverio Giovanni Battista; 19 August 1777 – 8 November 1830) was King of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830 and regent of the Kingdom of Sicily from 1806 to 1814. Biography Fran ...

and his second wife,

Maria Isabella of Spain Maria may refer to: People * Mary, mother of Jesus * Maria (given name), a popular given name in many languages Place names Extraterrestrial * 170 Maria, a Main belt S-type asteroid discovered in 1877 * Lunar maria (plural of ''mare''), large, ...

. Friction developed between the Count of Aquila and the Emperor, and Januária Maria and Aquila were eventually permitted to leave Brazil in October 1844. In 1845, Januária Maria's position as heir presumptive, and the restrictions it entailed, was lost with the birth of Pedro II's first child,

Afonso, Prince Imperial of Brazil Dom Afonso (23 February 1845 – 11 June 1847) was the Prince Imperial and heir apparent to the throne of the Empire of Brazil. Born in Rio de Janeiro, he was the eldest child of Emperor Dom Pedro II and Dona Teresa Cristina of the ...

. At the time of their marriage, according to article 2, it was guaranteed that even with the birth of the children of Emperor Dom Pedro II of Brazil the couple would enjoy the honor of being treated by His Imperial Highness. ''Art. II. As soon as the marriage takes place, His Royal Highness Prince Luiz Carlos Maria, Count of Aquila, husband of Her Imperial Highness the Princess Imperial of Brazil D. Januária Maria, will be considered Prince of the House and the Imperial Family of Brazil , And shall enjoy all the rights and prerogatives that the Constitution of the Empire competes with such Princes. He will take the title of Imperial Prince, who now belongs to his future Augusta Wife; When, however, His Majesty the Emperor has descendants, the two august spouses will take the title of Prince and Princess of Brazil, preserving with all the treatment of Imperial Highness.''

Issue

Januária and Louis had six children: * Prince Luigi, Count of Roccaguglielma (18 July 1845 – 27 November 1909). Luigi married morganatically Maria Amelia Bellow-Hamel and had two children. *Princess Maria Isabella of the Two Sicilies (22 July 1846 – 14 February 1859) *Prince Filippo of the Two Sicilies (12 August 1847 – 9 July 1922). Filippo also married morganatically Flora Boonen and had no children. *Stillborn twins (1848). Buried in Santa Chiara, Naples. * Prince Maria Emanuele of the Two Sicilies (24 January 1851 – 26 January 1851).

Death

She died in

in 1901 being the last daughter of Emperor Pedro I and Empress Leopoldina to die. The city of

Januária (''The Queen of the Beautiful Waters'') , motto = , image_skyline = , imagesize = , image_caption = , image_flag = File:Bandeira de Januária.jpg , image_seal = File:Bras ...

Minas Gerais Minas Gerais () is a state in Southeastern Brazil. It ranks as the second most populous, the third by gross domestic product (GDP), and the fourth largest by area in the country. The state's capital and largest city, Belo Horizonte (literally ...

was named in her honor.

Ancestry

References

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Januaria Of Brazil, Princess 1822 births 1901 deaths House of Braganza Brazilian royalty Princes Imperial of Brazil Brazilian princesses Portuguese infantas House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies Italian countesses Brazilian Roman Catholics People from Rio de Janeiro (city) 19th-century Brazilian women Daughters of emperors Daughters of kings