This is a list of

pretender A pretender is someone who claims to be the rightful ruler of a country although not recognized as such by the current government. The term is often used to suggest that a claim is not legitimate.Curley Jr., Walter J. P. ''Monarchs-in-Waiting'' ...

s to the throne of the Duchy of Parma, which was ruled by the

House of Bourbon-Parma The House of Bourbon-Parma ( it, Casa di Borbone di Parma) is a cadet branch of the Spanish royal family, whose members once ruled as King of Etruria and as Duke of Parma and Piacenza, Guastalla, and Lucca. The House descended from the Fren ...

until 1859, when the ducal family escaped after the Italian national insurrection linked to the

Second Italian War of Independence The Second Italian War of Independence, also called the Franco-Austrian War, the Austro-Sardinian War or Italian War of 1859 ( it, Seconda guerra d'indipendenza italiana; french: Campagne d'Italie), was fought by the Second French Empire and t ...

List of pretenders

References

*{{cite web, url=http://borboneparma.it/index.php/it/, title=Reale e Ducale Casa di Borbone, date=, accessdate=23 June 2017 House of Bourbon-Parma Duchy of Parma