Illustration of jet-grout approach to precisely inject seepage cutoff walls inside levees (11357034944)

Pressure grouting or jet grouting involves injecting a

grout Grout is a dense fluid which hardens to fill gaps or used as reinforcement in existing structures. Grout is generally a mixture of water, cement and sand, and is employed in pressure grouting, embedding rebar in masonry walls, connecting sect ...

material into otherwise inaccessible but interconnected pore or void space of which neither the configuration or volume are known, and is often referred to simply as ''grouting''. The grout may be a cementitious,

resin In polymer chemistry and materials science, resin is a solid or highly viscous substance of plant or synthetic origin that is typically convertible into polymers. Resins are usually mixtures of organic compounds. This article focuses on nat ...

ous, or

solution Solution may refer to: * Solution (chemistry), a mixture where one substance is dissolved in another * Solution (equation), in mathematics ** Numerical solution, in numerical analysis, approximate solutions within specified error bounds * Solutio ...

chemical

mixture In chemistry, a mixture is a material made up of two or more different chemical substances which are not chemically bonded. A mixture is the physical combination of two or more substances in which the identities are retained and are mixed in the ...

. The greatest use of pressure grouting is to improve geomaterials (soil and rock). The purpose of grouting can be either to strengthen a formation or to reduce water flow through it. It is also used to correct faults in

concrete Concrete is a composite material composed of fine and coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement (cement paste) that hardens (cures) over time. Concrete is the second-most-used substance in the world after water, and is the most wid ...

and

masonry Masonry is the building of structures from individual units, which are often laid in and bound together by mortar; the term ''masonry'' can also refer to the units themselves. The common materials of masonry construction are bricks, building ...

structures. Since first usage in the 19th century, grouting has been performed on the foundation of virtually every one of the world's large dams, in order to reduce the amount of leakage through the rock, and sometimes to strengthen the foundation to support the weight of the overlying structure, be it of concrete, earth, or rock fill. It is also a key procedure in the creation of post-tensioned prestressed concrete, a material used in many concrete bridge designs, among other places.

References

*Baker, W. H. (editor). (1982), ''Grouting in Geotechnical Engineering'', Proceedings of the Conference on Grouting in Geotechnical Engineering, February 10–12, 1982, New Orleans, LA, ASCE, *Borden, R. H. (editor), Holtz, R. O. (editor), and Juran, I. (editor). (1992), ''Grouting, Soil Improvement and Geosynthetics'', Proceedings of the 1992 ASCE Specialty Conference, February, 1992, New Orleans, LA, ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication No. 30, 1480 pp., 2 vols, *Bruce, D. A. (2005), ''Glossary of Grouting Terminology'', J. Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engrg. 131 (12): 1534-1542. *Compaction Grouting Consensus Guide Committee of the Geo-Institute of the ASCE. (2010), ''Compaction Grouting Consensus Guide'', ASCE/GI Standard 53-10, *Johnsen, L. F. (editor), Bruce, D. A. (editor), and Byle, M. J (editor). (2003), ''Grouting and Ground Treatment'', Proceedings of the Third International Conference, February 10–12, 2003, New Orleans, LA, ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication No. 120, *Henn, R. W. (2003), ''AUA Guidelines for Backfilling and Contact Grouting of Tunnels and Shafts'', ASCE Press. *U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (1997), ''Chemical Grouting'', *U.S. Army corps of Engineers (2008), ''Grouting Technology'', U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Engineer Manual, EM 1110-2-3506 *Warner, J. (2004), ''Practical Handbook of Grouting: Soil, Rock and Structures'', John Wiley & Sons, Inc. *Weaver, K. D., and Bruce D. A. (2007), ''Dam Foundation Grouting, Revised and Expanded'', ASCE Press. *International Society of Rock Mechanics (1996), "Commission on Rock Grouting", Co-ordinator R. Widmann, Int. Journal of Rock Mech., Min. Sci. & Geomech., Abstr. Vol. 33. No 8. pp 803 – 847, 1996, c. 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd., 0148-9062-96 *CEN - European Committee for Standardization (2000), "EN 12715:2000, Execution of special geotechnical work, Grouting", *Kirsch K., Bell A. (2013), "Ground Improvement", Third Edition, Chapter 5: "Permeation Grouting", CRC Press, *Austrian Society for Geomechanics (2017), "Expert Comments to EN 12715, Grouting", https://www.oegg.at/en/the-oegg-2/publications-112/

External links

Grouting Committee of the ASCE/GI
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pressure Grouting Geotechnical structures