Czech
Czech may refer to:
* Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe
** Czech language
** Czechs, the people of the area
** Czech culture
** Czech cuisine
* One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus'
Places
* Czech, ...
: ''Pražská němčina'') was the
dialect
The term dialect (from Latin , , from the Ancient Greek word , 'discourse', from , 'through' and , 'I speak') can refer to either of two distinctly different types of linguistic phenomena:
One usage refers to a variety of a language that is ...
of German spoken in
Prague
Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate ...
in what is now the
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...
Austrian
Austrian may refer to:
* Austrians, someone from Austria or of Austrian descent
** Someone who is considered an Austrian citizen, see Austrian nationality law
* Austrian German dialect
* Something associated with the country Austria, for example: ...
and
southern German
Southern Germany () is a region of Germany which has no exact boundary, but is generally taken to include the areas in which Upper German dialects are spoken, historically the stem duchies of Bavaria and Swabia or, in a modern context, Bavaria ...
dialects and eastern
Central
Central is an adjective usually referring to being in the center of some place or (mathematical) object.
Central may also refer to:
Directions and generalised locations
* Central Africa, a region in the centre of Africa continent, also known a ...
dialects of central Germany, which later developed the spelling of Modern German writing (
Standard German
Standard High German (SHG), less precisely Standard German or High German (not to be confused with High German dialects, more precisely Upper German dialects) (german: Standardhochdeutsch, , or, in Switzerland, ), is the standardized variety ...
).
History
In the historical development of Prague, there were four periods, which were culturally and linguistically autonomous.
List of periods
* First period (1310–1415), the period of the
Luxembourg
Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small lan ...
rule. Linguistic phenomena approaching
Middle High German
Middle High German (MHG; german: Mittelhochdeutsch (Mhd.)) is the term for the form of German spoken in the High Middle Ages. It is conventionally dated between 1050 and 1350, developing from Old High German and into Early New High German. Hig ...
spelling.
* Second period (1544–1620), after the Hussite period. At this time, the Prague German was greatly influenced by
Czech
Czech may refer to:
* Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe
** Czech language
** Czechs, the people of the area
** Czech culture
** Czech cuisine
* One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus'
Places
* Czech, ...
and lesser than the
Upper German
Upper German (german: Oberdeutsch ) is a family of High German dialects spoken primarily in the southern German-speaking area ().
History
In the Old High German time, only Alemannic and Bairisch are grouped as Upper German. In the Middle High ...
.
* Third period (1620–1860), after 1627, Prague German language evolved in its written form towards the Austrian variant. Spelling has not been normative yet, so there were fluctuations in voice and vocal quality.
* Fourth period (1861–1945), at the end of the 19th century, the Prague dialect of German was considered the finest German of the
Austro-Hungarian monarchy
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
. This language was mainly used by educated lawyers, which considered Saxony German rather than Austrian German. In 1910 German speakers comprised just 4.5% of the population in Prague, yet they produced world-famous literature. Writers such as
Rainer Maria Rilke
René Karl Wilhelm Johann Josef Maria Rilke (4 December 1875 – 29 December 1926), shortened to Rainer Maria Rilke (), was an Austrian poet and novelist. He has been acclaimed as an idiosyncratic and expressive poet, and is widely recogn ...
,
Franz Kafka
Franz Kafka (3 July 1883 – 3 June 1924) was a German-speaking Bohemian novelist and short-story writer, widely regarded as one of the major figures of 20th-century literature. His work fuses elements of realism and the fantastic. It typ ...
Franz Werfel
Franz Viktor Werfel (; 10 September 1890 – 26 August 1945) was an Austrian- Bohemian novelist, playwright, and poet whose career spanned World War I, the Interwar period, and World War II. He is primarily known as the author of ''The For ...
,
Egon Erwin Kisch
Egon Erwin Kisch (29 April 1885 – 31 March 1948) was an Austrian and Czechoslovak writer and journalist, who wrote in German. He styled himself ''Der Rasende Reporter'' (The Raging Reporter) for his countless travels to the far corners of the ...
,
Friedrich Torberg
Friedrich Torberg (16 September 1908, Vienna, Alsergrund – 10 November 1979, Vienna) is the pen-name of Friedrich Kantor, an Austrian writer.
Biography
He worked as a critic and journalist in Vienna and Prague until 1938, when his Jewish he ...
,
Oskar Baum
Oskar Baum (21 January 1883 in Pilsen - 20 March 1941 in Prague) was a Czech music educator and writer in German language. Baum was the son of a Jewish cloth goods merchant in Plzeň. He had vision problems from the time of his birth. At eight ...
,
Johannes Urzidil
Johannes Urzidil (3 February 1896 in Prague – 2 November 1970 in Rome) was a German-Bohemian writer, poet and historian. His father was a German Bohemian and his mother was Jewish.
Life
Urzidil was educated in Prague, studying German, art hist ...
, Felix Weltsch and Paul Leppin by some Germanists using a specific style, rather than to the Prague German refers to the literary patterns.
A sample of the text in Prague German from the fourth period
* ''"Wissen Sie schon, Frau Krause, daß meine Tontscha sich mit dem jungen Janda verlobt hat?"''
* ''"Der, was Beamter bei der Unionbank ist? Da gratulier ich aber! Wissen Sie, geahnt habe ich es schon längst; denn man hat ihn nie ohne ihr gesehen und sie hat keinen Schritt ohne ihm gemacht."''
* ''"Ja, die beiden haben sich furchtbar gern. ''"''Frau Rößler''"'', hat er zu mir gesagt, ''"''glauben Sie ja nicht, daß ich Ihre Tochter nur wegen dem Gelde heirate, das sie mitbekomt''"'', hat er gesagt."''
* ''"Das ist ein schöner Zug von ihm! Und nur was wahr is': ein fescher Mann is' er!"''
* ''"Gewiß. Aber warum, meine Tonscha ist kein hübsches Mädel? Wissen Sie, gestern, da hat sie sich den neuen Hut angezogen, ich sag' Ihnen: eine Puppe! Und gescheit is' sie! Und gebildet! Und häuslich erzogen! Alles habe ich ihr gelernt: kochen, nähen, bügeln alles! Sogar Klavier spielen kann sie.“''
Prague German newspapers
* ''Prager Oberpostamts-Zeitung'', later ''Prager Zeitung''
* '' Libussa'' (1802–1804), eine vaterländische Vierteljahrschrift
* ''
Bohemia
Bohemia ( ; cs, Čechy ; ; hsb, Čěska; szl, Czechy) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. Bohemia can also refer to a wider area consisting of the historical Lands of the Bohemian Crown ruled by the Bohem ...
Prager Tagblatt
The ''Prager Tagblatt'' was a German language newspaper published in Prague from 1876 to 1939. Considered to be the most influential liberal-democratic German newspaper in Bohemia, it stopped publication after the German occupation of Czechos ...
Prager Presse
The ''Prager Presse'' (Prague press) was a German newspaper published in the Czechoslovak Republic from March 1921 to 1939.
History
The newspaper Prager Presse was founded by Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk with the aim of integrating the German-speaki ...
'' (1921–1939)
* ''Sozialdemokrat'' (1925–1938), Zentralorgan der DSAP
* ''Beilage zu Rudý prapor (Rote Fahne)'' (1927–1928)
* ''Prager Rundschau'' (1931–1939)
* ''Deutsche Volks-Zeitung'', Prag, Sprachrohr der deutschsprachigen Kommunisten in der Tschechoslowakei
* ''
Die Weltbühne
''Die Weltbühne'' (‘The World Stage’) was a German weekly magazine for politics, art and the economy. It was founded in Berlin in 1905 as (‘The Theater’) by Siegfried Jacobsohn and was originally a theater magazine only. In 1913 it be ...
'', (1934–1938 in Prague exile)
* ''Rote Fahne'' (1934–1938), kommunistisches Tagblatt
* '' Der Neue Tag'' (1939–1945), Tageszeitung für Böhmen und Mähren: amtliches Veröffentlichungsorgan des Reichsprotektors für Böhmen und Mähren und der nachgeordneten deutschen Dienststellen
* ''Prager Abend'' (1939–1944)
* ''Böhmen und Mähren'' (1940–1945), Blatt des Reichsprotektors
* ''Welt Studenten Nachrichten'' (1947–1990), Zeitschrift des Internationalen Studentenbundes
* ''Aufbau und Frieden'' (1951–1965), Wochenblatt der deutschen Werktätigen in der Tschechoslowakei, later ''Volkszeitung'' (1966–1968), later ''Prager Volkszeitung'' (1969–2005), Das Wochenblatt der Deutschen in der ČSSR / Wochenblatt der deutschen Bürger in der Tschechischen Republik
* ''Tschechoslowakei'' (1953–1960), Organ des Ministeriums für Information und Aufklärung, later ''Sozialistische Tschechoslowakei'' (1961–1990)
* ''Im Herzen Europas'' (1958–1971), ''Tschechoslowakische Monatsschrift'', later ''Tschechoslowakisches Leben'' (1972–1992), later ''Tschechisches Leben heute'' (1993–1993)
* ''Informationsbulletin des Zentralkomitees der Kommunistischen Partei der Tschechoslowakei'' (1978–1989)
* ''Neue Prager Presse'' (1981–1990), Nachrichten aus Politik, Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft, Kultur, Sport
* ''IOJ Nachrichten'' (1985–1991), Zeitung der Internationale Journalistenorganisation
* ''
Prager Zeitung
The ''Prager Zeitung'' was a German newspaper in the Czech Republic issued weekly in Prague; it now publishes online only.
History and profile
''Prager Zeitung'' was founded in 1991. It considers itself as a successor of the ''Prager Tagblatt ...
'' (1991–)
* ''Deutsches Blatt'', Beilage der Zeitung „
Lidové noviny
''Lidové noviny'' (''People's News'', or ''The People's Newspaper'', ) is a daily newspaper published in Prague, the Czech Republic. It is the oldest Czech daily still in print, and a newspaper of record.LandesECHO'' (2014–),LandesECHO /ref> Zeitschrift der Deutschen in der Tschechischen Republik