Sony-PlayStation-SCPH-1000-Motherboard-Top

The PlayStation technical specifications describe the various components of the original

PlayStation is a video gaming brand that consists of five home video game consoles, two handhelds, a media center, and a smartphone, as well as an online service and multiple magazines. The brand is produced by Sony Interactive Entertainment, a di ...

video game console.

Central processing unit (CPU)

LSI CoreWare CW33300-based core * MIPS R3000A-compatible

32-bit In computer architecture, 32-bit computing refers to computer systems with a processor, memory, and other major system components that operate on data in 32- bit units. Compared to smaller bit widths, 32-bit computers can perform large calculati ...

RISC In computer engineering, a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) is a computer designed to simplify the individual instructions given to the computer to accomplish tasks. Compared to the instructions given to a complex instruction set comp ...

CPU A central processing unit (CPU), also called a central processor, main processor or just processor, is the electronic circuitry that executes instructions comprising a computer program. The CPU performs basic arithmetic, logic, controlling, a ...

MIPS R3051 with 5 KB L1 cache,

running Running is a method of terrestrial locomotion allowing humans and other animals to move rapidly on foot. Running is a type of gait characterized by an aerial phase in which all feet are above the ground (though there are exceptions). This i ...

at 33.8688 MHz. * The

microprocessor A microprocessor is a computer processor where the data processing logic and control is included on a single integrated circuit, or a small number of integrated circuits. The microprocessor contains the arithmetic, logic, and control circ ...

was manufactured by LSI Logic Corp. with technology licensed from SGI. * Features: ** Initial feature size ( process node) was 0.5 micron (500 nm). ** 850k – 1M transistors ** Operating performance: 30 MIPS ** Bus bandwidth 132 MB/s ** One arithmetic/logic unit (ALU) ** One shifter * CPU cache RAM: ** 4 KB instruction cache ** 1 KB non-associative SRAM

data cache A CPU cache is a hardware cache used by the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer to reduce the average cost (time or energy) to access data from the main memory. A cache is a smaller, faster memory, located closer to a processor core, whi ...

Geometry Transformation Engine (GTE) * Coprocessor that resides inside the main

processor, giving it additional vector math instructions used for 3D graphics, lighting, geometry, polygon and coordinate transformations GTE performs high-speed matrix multiplications. * Operating performance: 66 MIPS *

Polygons In geometry, a polygon () is a plane figure that is described by a finite number of straight line segments connected to form a closed '' polygonal chain'' (or ''polygonal circuit''). The bounded plane region, the bounding circuit, or the two ...

per second (rendered in hardware): ** 90,000 with texture mapping,

lighting Lighting or illumination is the deliberate use of light to achieve practical or aesthetic effects. Lighting includes the use of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures, as well as natural illumination by capturing dayl ...

and Gouraud shading ** 180,000 with texture mapping ** 360,000 with flat shading Motion Decoder (MDEC) * Also residing within the main CPU, enables full screen, high quality FMV playback and is responsible for decompressing images and

video Video is an electronic medium for the recording, copying, playback, broadcasting, and display of moving visual media. Video was first developed for mechanical television systems, which were quickly replaced by cathode-ray tube (CRT) sy ...

into VRAM. * Operating performance: 80 MIPS * Documented device mode is to read three RLE-encoded 16×16

macroblock The macroblock is a processing unit in image and video compression formats based on linear block transforms, typically the discrete cosine transform (DCT). A macroblock typically consists of 16×16 samples, and is further subdivided into transfor ...

s, run IDCT and assemble a single 16×16 RGB macroblock. * Output data may be transferred directly to GPU via

DMA DMA may refer to: Arts * DMA (magazine), ''DMA'' (magazine), a defunct dance music magazine * Dallas Museum of Art, an art museum in Texas, US * Danish Music Awards, an award show held in Denmark * BT Digital Music Awards, an annual event in the U ...

. * It is possible to overwrite IDCT matrix and some additional parameters, however MDEC internal instruction set was never documented. * It is directly connected to a CPU bus. System Control Coprocessor (Cop0) * This unit is part of the CPU. Has 16 32-bit control registers. * Modified from the original R3000A cop0 architecture, with the addition of a few registers and functions. * Controls memory management through virtual memory technique, system interrupts,

exception handling In computing and computer programming, exception handling is the process of responding to the occurrence of ''exceptions'' – anomalous or exceptional conditions requiring special processing – during the execution of a program. In general, an ...

, and breakpoints.

Memory

* 2 MB main EDO DRAM * Additional RAM is integrated with the GPU (including a 1 MB

framebuffer A framebuffer (frame buffer, or sometimes framestore) is a portion of random-access memory (RAM) containing a bitmap that drives a video display. It is a memory buffer containing data representing all the pixels in a complete video frame. Mode ...

) and SPU (512 KB), see below for details. * Cache RAM for CPU core and CD-ROM. See the relevant sections for details. * Flash RAM support through the use of memory cards, see below. *

BIOS In computing, BIOS (, ; Basic Input/Output System, also known as the System BIOS, ROM BIOS, BIOS ROM or PC BIOS) is firmware used to provide runtime services for operating systems and programs and to perform hardware initialization during the b ...

stored on 512 KB ROM

Graphics processing unit (GPU)

; 32-bit Sony GPU (designed by

Toshiba , commonly known as Toshiba and stylized as TOSHIBA, is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. Its diversified products and services include power, industrial and social infrastructure systems, ...

) * Handles display of

graphics Graphics () are visual images or designs on some surface, such as a wall, canvas, screen, paper, or stone, to inform, illustrate, or entertain. In contemporary usage, it includes a pictorial representation of data, as in design and manufacture, ...

, control of framebuffer, and drawing of

polygons In geometry, a polygon () is a plane figure that is described by a finite number of straight line segments connected to form a closed '' polygonal chain'' (or ''polygonal circuit''). The bounded plane region, the bounding circuit, or the two ...

and textures * Handles 2D graphics processing, in a similar manner to the

3D engine A game engine is a software framework primarily designed for the development of video games and generally includes relevant libraries and support programs. The "engine" terminology is similar to the term "software engine" used in the software ...

* RAM: ** 1 MB VRAM (later models contained SGRAM) for

** 2 KB texture cache (132MB/s memory bus bandwidth, 32-bit wide) ** 64

byte The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits. Historically, the byte was the number of bits used to encode a single character of text in a computer and for this reason it is the smallest addressable uni ...

s FIFO buffer * Features: ** Adjustable

(1024×512) ** Emulation of simultaneous backgrounds (to simulate parallax scrolling) ** Mask bit ** Texture window ** Dithering ** Clipping ** Alpha blending (4 per-texel alpha blending modes) ** Fog ** Framebuffer effects ** Transparency effects ** Render to texture ** Offscreen rendering ** Multipass rendering ** Flat or Gouraud shading and texture mapping ** No line restriction ** Colored light sourcing * Resolutions: ** Progressive: 256×224 to 640×240

pixel In digital imaging, a pixel (abbreviated px), pel, or picture element is the smallest addressable element in a raster image, or the smallest point in an all points addressable display device. In most digital display devices, pixels are the ...

s **

Interlaced Interlaced video (also known as interlaced scan) is a technique for doubling the perceived frame rate of a video display without consuming extra bandwidth. The interlaced signal contains two fields of a video frame captured consecutively. This ...

: 256×448 to 640×480 pixels * Colors: ** Maximum

color depth Color depth or colour depth (see spelling differences), also known as bit depth, is either the number of bits used to indicate the color of a single pixel, or the number of bits used for each color component of a single pixel. When referring ...

of 16,777,216 colors ( 24-bit true color) ** 57,344 (256×224) to 153,600 (640×240) colors on screen ** Unlimited color lookup tables (CLUTs) ** 32 levels of transparency ** All calculations are performed to 24 bit accuracy * Texture mapping color mode: ** Mode 4: 4-bit CLUT (16 colors) ** Mode 8: 8-bit CLUT (256 colors) ** Mode 15: 15-bit direct (32,768 colors) ** Mode 24: 24-bit (16,777,216 colors) * Sprite

engine An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy. Available energy sources include potential energy (e.g. energy of the Earth's gravitational field as exploited in hydroelectric power ...

** 1024×512 framebuffer, 8×8 and 16×16 sprite sizes, bitmap objects ** Up to 4,000 sprites on screen (at 8×8 sprite size), scaling and rotation ** 256×256 maximum sprite size * Special sprite effects: ** Rotation ** Scaling up/down ** Warping ** Transparency ** Fading ** Priority ** Vertical and horizontal line scroll

Sound processing unit (SPU)

; 16-bit Sony SPU * Supports ADPCM sources with up to 24 channels *

Sampling rate In signal processing, sampling is the reduction of a continuous-time signal In mathematical dynamics, discrete time and continuous time are two alternative frameworks within which variables that evolve over time are modeled. Discrete time ...

of up to 44.1 kHz * 512 KB RAM * PCM audio source * Supports MIDI sequencing * Digital effects include: ** Pitch modulation **

Envelope An envelope is a common packaging item, usually made of thin, flat material. It is designed to contain a flat object, such as a letter or card. Traditional envelopes are made from sheets of paper cut to one of three shapes: a rhombus, a ...

Loop Loop or LOOP may refer to: Brands and enterprises * Loop (mobile), a Bulgarian virtual network operator and co-founder of Loop Live * Loop, clothing, a company founded by Carlos Vasquez in the 1990s and worn by Digable Planets * Loop Mobile, an ...

ing ** Digital reverb

I/O system and connectivity

;

CD-ROM A CD-ROM (, compact disc read-only memory) is a type of read-only memory consisting of a pre-pressed optical compact disc that contains data. Computers can read—but not write or erase—CD-ROMs. Some CDs, called enhanced CDs, hold both com ...

drive Drive or The Drive may refer to: Motoring * Driving, the act of controlling a vehicle * Road trip, a journey on roads Roadways Roadways called "drives" may include: * Driveway, a private road for local access to structures, abbreviated "drive" * ...

* 660MB maximum storage capacity, double speed CD-ROM drive * 2×, with a maximum data throughput of 300 KB/s (double speed), 150KB/s (normal) * 128 KB data buffer * XA Mode 2 compliant * Audio CD play * CD-DA (CD-Digital Audio) * Rated for 70,000 seek operations ; Two control pads via connectors * Expandable with multitap connector ; Backup flash RAM support * Two removable cards * Each card has 128 KB flash memory * OS support for File Save, Retrieve and Remove ; Video and audio connectivity * AV Multi Out (

Composite video Composite video is an analog video signal format that carries standard-definition video (typically at 525 lines or 625 lines) as a single channel. Video information is encoded on one channel, unlike the higher-quality S-Video (two channe ...

S-Video S-Video (also known as separate video, Y/C, and erroneously Super-Video ) is an analog video signal format that carries standard-definition video, typically at 525 lines or 625 lines. It encodes video luma and chrominance on two separate chann ...

, RGBS) * RCA Composite video and

Stereo Stereophonic sound, or more commonly stereo, is a method of sound reproduction that recreates a multi-directional, 3-dimensional audible perspective. This is usually achieved by using two independent audio channels through a configuration ...

out (SCPH-100x to 5000 only) *

RFU The Rugby Football Union (RFU) is the national governing body for rugby union in England. It was founded in 1871, and was the sport's international governing body prior to the formation of what is now known as World Rugby (WR) in 1886. It prom ...

(SCPH-112X) DC out (SCPH-100x to 5000 only) * S-Video out (SCPH-1000 only) ; Serial and parallel ports *

Serial I/O In telecommunication and data transmission, serial communication is the process of sending data one bit at a time, sequentially, over a communication channel or computer bus. This is in contrast to parallel communication, where several bits are s ...

(used for

PlayStation Link Cable The PlayStation Link Cable (SCPH-1040) is a peripheral cable for the PlayStation console. Utilizing the serial I/O port found on the back of most PlayStation models, it allows for two consoles to be connected in order to play compatible multiplay ...

SCPH-100x to 900x only) * Parallel I/O (N/A) SCPH-100x to 750x only) ; Power input * 100 V AC (NTSC-J); 120 V AC (NTSC-U/C); or 220–240 V AC (PAL) * 7.5 V DC 2 A (PSone only)

References