Czech Czech may refer to: * Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe ** Czech language ** Czechs, the people of the area ** Czech culture ** Czech cuisine * One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus' Places * Czech, ...

Saxony Saxony (german: Sachsen ; Upper Saxon: ''Saggsn''; hsb, Sakska), officially the Free State of Saxony (german: Freistaat Sachsen, links=no ; Upper Saxon: ''Freischdaad Saggsn''; hsb, Swobodny stat Sakska, links=no), is a landlocked state of ...

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

Leipzig Leipzig ( , ; Upper Saxon: ) is the most populous city in the German state of Saxony. Leipzig's population of 605,407 inhabitants (1.1 million in the larger urban zone) as of 2021 places the city as Germany's eighth most populous, as ...

Dresden Dresden (, ; Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; wen, label= Upper Sorbian, Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city, after Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth ...

Zwickau Zwickau (; is, with around 87,500 inhabitants (2020), the fourth-largest city of Saxony after Leipzig, Dresden and Chemnitz and it is the seat of the Zwickau District. The West Saxon city is situated in the valley of the Zwickau Mulde (German: ...

Vogtland Vogtland (; cz, Fojtsko) is a region spanning the German states of Bavaria, Saxony and Thuringia and north-western Bohemia in the Czech Republic. It overlaps with and is largely contained within Euregio Egrensis. The name alludes to the former ...

Gera Gera is a city in the German state of Thuringia. With around 93,000 inhabitants, it is the third-largest city in Thuringia after Erfurt and Jena as well as the easternmost city of the ''Thüringer Städtekette'', an almost straight string of cit ...

White Elster The White Elster
Accessed on 16 Jan 2011. (, ) is a long river in central

Saale The Saale (), also known as the Saxon Saale (german: Sächsische Saale) and Thuringian Saale (german: Thüringische Saale), is a river in Germany and a left-bank tributary of the Elbe. It is not to be confused with the smaller Franconian Saale ...

), in the Central Vogtlandian Hill Country. Plauen is the southwesternmost city of a string of cities sitting in the densely populated foreland of the

Elster Elster may refer to: Places * Black Elster (''Schwarze Elster''), a river in Germany * White Elster (''Weiße Elster''), a river in Germany and the Czech Republic ** Elster Viaduct, a railway bridge over the White Elster ** Elster Viaduct (Pirk) ...

and Ore Mountains, stretching from Plauen in the southwest via Zwickau, Chemnitz and

Freiberg Freiberg is a university and former mining town in Saxony, Germany. It is a so-called ''Große Kreisstadt'' (large county town) and the administrative centre of Mittelsachsen district. Its historic town centre has been placed under heritage c ...

to Dresden in the northeast. It is the capital of the Vogtland District. Plauen borders

Thuringia Thuringia (; german: Thüringen ), officially the Free State of Thuringia ( ), is a state of central Germany, covering , the sixth smallest of the sixteen German states. It has a population of about 2.1 million. Erfurt is the capital and lar ...

to the north, and it is also situated near the Saxon border with

Bavaria Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total lan ...

(

Franconia Franconia (german: Franken, ; Franconian dialect: ''Franggn'' ; bar, Frankn) is a region of Germany, characterised by its culture and Franconian languages, Franconian dialect (German: ''Fränkisch''). The three Regierungsbezirk, administrative ...

) and the

Czech Republic The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...

( Bohemia). Although being a Saxon city, the regional Vogtlandian dialect spoken in Plauen is a ( Saxon-influenced)

East Franconian East Franconian (german: Ostfränkisch) or Mainfränkisch, usually referred to as Franconian (') in German, is a dialect which is spoken in Franconia, the northern part of the federal state of Bavaria and other areas in Germany around Nuremberg, ...

variant related to the dialects of neighbouring Franconia in Bavaria. The name of the city as well as the names of many of its boroughs are of Slavic origin. Plauen and the surrounding Saxon Vogtland are known as the centre of the German

embroidery Embroidery is the craft of decorating fabric or other materials using a needle to apply thread or yarn. Embroidery may also incorporate other materials such as pearls, beads, quills, and sequins. In modern days, embroidery is usually seen ...

and

lace Lace is a delicate fabric made of yarn or thread in an open weblike pattern, made by machine or by hand. Generally, lace is divided into two main categories, needlelace and bobbin lace, although there are other types of lace, such as knitted o ...

industry.

History

Plauen was founded by

Polabian Slavs Polabian Slavs ( dsb, Połobske słowjany, pl, Słowianie połabscy, cz, Polabští slované) is a collective term applied to a number of Lechitic ( West Slavic) tribes who lived scattered along the Elbe river in what is today eastern Germ ...

in the 12th century as "Plawe" and was passed to the

Kingdom of Bohemia The Kingdom of Bohemia ( cs, České království),; la, link=no, Regnum Bohemiae sometimes in English literature referred to as the Czech Kingdom, was a medieval and early modern monarchy in Central Europe, the predecessor of the modern Czec ...

in 1327. The town was captured by the Archbishop of

Magdeburg Magdeburg (; nds, label=Low Saxon, Meideborg ) is the capital and second-largest city of the German state Saxony-Anhalt. The city is situated at the Elbe river. Otto I, the first Holy Roman Emperor and founder of the Archdiocese of Magdebu ...

, Lippold von Bredow, in 1384. In 1466, it was passed to Albertine Saxony and later in 1569 to the Electorate of Saxony. Plauen became incorporated into the

Kingdom of Saxony The Kingdom of Saxony (german: Königreich Sachsen), lasting from 1806 to 1918, was an independent member of a number of historical confederacies in Napoleonic through post-Napoleonic Germany. The kingdom was formed from the Electorate of Saxo ...

in 1806 during the

Napoleonic Wars The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major global conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European states formed into various coalitions. It produced a period of Fren ...

, and in 1871 it became part of the German Empire. In the late-19th century, Plauen became a centre of

textile Textile is an umbrella term that includes various fiber-based materials, including fibers, yarns, filaments, threads, different fabric types, etc. At first, the word "textiles" only referred to woven fabrics. However, weaving is not the ...

manufacturing, specializing in

Chemical lace Chemical lace (sometimes referred to as Schiffli lace) is a form of machine-made lace. This method of lace-making is done by embroidering a pattern on a sacrificial fabric that has been chemically treated so as to disintegrate after the pattern ...

, called Plauen lace. Around 1910, Plauen, as an industrial 'boomtown' of the region, reached its population peak (1910 census: 121,000, 1912: 128,000). Plauen's population, however, has shrunk dramatically since the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposi ...

(1939: 111,000 inhabitants). In the 1930s, Plauen hosted the first chapter of the

Nazi Party The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (german: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP), was a far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that created and supported t ...

outside of

Bavaria Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total lan ...

. During the war, the Nazis operated a prison in the town, and three subcamps of the

Flossenbürg concentration camp Flossenbürg was a Nazi concentration camp built in May 1938 by the SS Main Economic and Administrative Office. Unlike other concentration camps, it was located in a remote area, in the Fichtel Mountains of Bavaria, adjacent to the town of Flo ...

. 500 women, mostly Polish, but also Russian, Italian, French, Yugoslavian and Croatian, were imprisoned and used as forced labour in the first two subcamps, and 50 men from various countries were imprisoned in the third subcamp. It was occupied by American troops on 16 April 1945 but was left to

Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army ( Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, afte ...

on 1 July 1945. On December 15, 1945, the city issued 7 semi-postal postage stamps of its own to raise money for reconstruction. From 1945 onwards, Plauen fell into the

Soviet occupation zone The Soviet Occupation Zone ( or german: Ostzone, label=none, "East Zone"; , ''Sovetskaya okkupatsionnaya zona Germanii'', "Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany") was an area of Germany in Central Europe that was occupied by the Soviet Union as a ...

of Germany, which later became the

German Democratic Republic German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) ** Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **G ...

(1949-1990). Plauen hosted a large

Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army ( Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, afte ...

occupation garrison and, in the last years of the GDR (DDR), an officer school of the Border Guards ("Grenztruppen der DDR"). The first mass demonstration against the communist regime in the GDR began in Plauen on 7 October 1989; this was the beginning of a series of mass demonstrations across the country and ultimately led to the re-unification of Germany in 1990. The exposé '' Fast Food Nation'' gives special mention to Plauen as the first city of the GDR to have a

McDonald's McDonald's Corporation is an American multinational fast food chain, founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States. They rechristened their business as a hambur ...

restaurant following the collapse of the Berlin Wall. In the district reform of 1 July 2008, Plauen lost its urban district status and was merged into the district Vogtlandkreis.

Politics

The first freely elected mayor after German reunification was Rolf Magerkord of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), who served from 1990 to 2000. The mayor was originally chosen by the city council, but since 1994 has been directly elected. Ralf Oberdorfer of the Free Democratic Party (FDP) was mayor between 2000 and 2021. The most recent mayoral election was held in two rounds on 13 June and 4 July 2021, in which Steffen Zenner (CDU) was elected. The most recent city council election was held on 26 May 2019, and the results were as follows: ! colspan=2, Party ! Votes ! % ! +/- ! Seats ! +/- , - , bgcolor=, , align=left, Christian Democratic Union (CDU) , 20,717 , 23.7 , 11.7 , 11 , 5 , - , bgcolor=, , align=left, Alternative for Germany (AfD) , 17,464 , 20.0 , New , 11 , New , - , bgcolor=, , align=left, The Left (Die Linke) , 12,728 , 14.5 , 6.9 , 6 , 3 , - , bgcolor=, , align=left, Social Democratic Party (SPD) , 12,245 , 14.0 , 5.0 , 6 , 2 , - , bgcolor=, , align=left, Free Democratic Party (FDP) , 8,687 , 9.9 , 2.6 , 4 , 1 , - , bgcolor=, , align=left, Alliance 90/The Greens (Grüne) , 7,529 , 8.6 , 2.7 , 3 , 1 , - , , align=left, Initiative Plauen (WV) , 4,752 , 5.4 , 0.4 , 2 , ±0 , - , bgcolor=#0B6623, , align=left, The III. Path , 3,366 , 3.8 , New , 1 , New , - ! colspan=2, Valid votes ! 30,247 ! 98.2 ! ! ! , - ! colspan=2, Invalid votes ! 556 ! 1.8 ! ! ! , - ! colspan=2, Total ! 30,803 ! 100.0 ! ! 42 ! ±0 , - ! colspan=2, Electorate/voter turnout ! 52,962 ! 58.2 ! 13.8 ! ! , - , colspan=7, Source
Wahlen in Sachsen

Industry and infrastructure

Plauen (Vogtland) Oberer Bahnhof Plauen (Vogtland) Oberer Bahnhof ''(Upper station)'' is the main station of Plauen in the German state of Saxony on the Leipzig–Hof line. It is the main hub of rail traffic in Vogtland. This station is maintained and operated by DB Station&Ser ...

lies on the Leipzig–Hof line. The section of this line through Plauen is part of the Saxon-Franconian trunk line running between Nürnberg, Hof, Plauen,

Zwickau Zwickau (; is, with around 87,500 inhabitants (2020), the fourth-largest city of Saxony after Leipzig, Dresden and Chemnitz and it is the seat of the Zwickau District. The West Saxon city is situated in the valley of the Zwickau Mulde (German: ...

, Chemnitz and

Dresden Dresden (, ; Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; wen, label= Upper Sorbian, Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city, after Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth ...

. The city had another station, Plauen (Vogtland) Unterer station (now defunct), on the

Elster Valley Railway Elster may refer to: Places * Black Elster (''Schwarze Elster''), a river in Germany * White Elster (''Weiße Elster''), a river in Germany and the Czech Republic ** Elster Viaduct, a railway bridge over the White Elster ** Elster Viaduct (Pirk) ...

. There is a plan to rename the Oberer (Upper) station into Plauen Hauptbahnhof (Main Station). Vogtlandbahn (Vogtland Railway), a regional train company, operates services from Plauen to Hof, Werdau, Chemnitz,

Zwickau Zwickau (; is, with around 87,500 inhabitants (2020), the fourth-largest city of Saxony after Leipzig, Dresden and Chemnitz and it is the seat of the Zwickau District. The West Saxon city is situated in the valley of the Zwickau Mulde (German: ...

, Falkenstein and Adorf within Germany and

Cheb Cheb (; german: Eger) is a town in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 30,000 inhabitants. It lies on the river Ohře. Before the 1945 expulsion of the German-speaking population, the town was the centre of the German-s ...

in the

Czech Republic The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...

. At these stations, there are other Vogtlandbahn services to

Munich Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the third-largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Ha ...

, Regensburg, Marktredwitz,

Dresden Dresden (, ; Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; wen, label= Upper Sorbian, Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city, after Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth ...

and

Leipzig Leipzig ( , ; Upper Saxon: ) is the most populous city in the German state of Saxony. Leipzig's population of 605,407 inhabitants (1.1 million in the larger urban zone) as of 2021 places the city as Germany's eighth most populous, as ...

within Germany and Karlovy Vary and

Prague Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and List of cities in the Czech Republic, largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 milli ...

in the

Czech Republic The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...

. A Vogtlandbahn Express Bus service runs between Plauen and

Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and List of cities in Germany by population, largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's List of cities in the European Union by population within ci ...

Schönefeld Airport and Zoological Garden. The Plauen Straßenbahn is a tramway that has 6 lines connecting the centre of city, Plauen-Tunnel stop, to the surrounding areas and the Oberer railway station.

Main sights

Bundesarchiv Bild 183-W1117-006, VEB Plauener Spitze

* Embroidery Machine Museum *Museum Plauener Spitze *Galerie e.O. plauen *Old City Hall *

Elster Viaduct The Elster Viaduct (german: Elstertalbrücke) is a railway bridge in the German state of Saxony. It carries the Leipzig–Hof line near Jocketa over the valley of the White Elster. After the Göltzsch Viaduct (''Göltzschtalbrücke'') it is th ...

– second largest brick bridge in the world *Friedensbrücke – largest stone

arch bridge An arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch. Arch bridges work by transferring the weight of the bridge and its loads partially into a horizontal thrust restrained by the abutments at either side. A viaduct ...

in the world *Johanniskirche *Old Elster Viaduct – oldest bridge in Saxony *Malzhaus

Education and science

Plauen is home to a

University of Applied Sciences A university of applied sciences (UAS), nowadays much less commonly called a polytechnic university or vocational university, is an institution of higher education and sometimes research that provides vocational education and grants academic de ...

with about 300 students and a DIPLOMA Fachhochschule.

Twin towns – sister cities

Plauen is twinned with: * Aš, Czech Republic (1962) * Steyr, Austria (1970) * Hof, Germany (1987) *

Siegen Siegen () is a city in Germany, in the south Westphalian part of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is located in the district of Siegen-Wittgenstein in the Arnsberg region. The university town (nearly 20,000 students in the 2018–2019 winter semest ...

, Germany (1990) *

Cegléd Cegléd (; german: Zieglet) is a city in Pest county, Hungary, approximately southeast of the Hungarian capital, Budapest. Name The name of the town is of disputed origin. The name may be derived from the word "szeglet" (meaning "corner") due t ...

, Hungary (2005) * Pabianice, Poland (2006) *

Šiauliai Šiauliai (; bat-smg, Šiaulē; german: Schaulen, ) is the fourth largest city in Lithuania, with a population of 107,086. From 1994 to 2010 it was the capital of Šiauliai County. Names Šiauliai is referred to by various names in different la ...

, Lithuania (2010) The urban district of Jößnitz is twinned with

Heilsbronn Heilsbronn is a town in the Ansbach district of the Mittelfranken administrative region of Franconia, in the German state of Bavaria between Nuremberg and Ansbach, in the wooded valley of the Rangau. Its hallmark is the ''Katharinenturm'', a medi ...

, Germany.

Notable people

Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1986-0617-031, Horst Dohlus

*

Heinrich von Plauen Heinrich von Plauen (the Elder) (ca. 1370–1429) was the 27th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from November 1410 to October 1413. Having becoming grandmaster in the wake of the Battle of Grunwald, he was a stern proponent of prol ...

(1370–1429), Grand Master of the

Teutonic Knights The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem, commonly known as the Teutonic Order, is a Catholic religious institution founded as a military society in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem. It was formed to aid Christians o ...

* Christoph Pezel (1539–1604), theologian *

Johann von Mayr Johann von Mayr (1 May 1716, in Vienna – 5 January 1759, in Plauen)His name is also spelled Mayer, Maier, and Meyer. and was also the head of a Prussian '' Freibataillon'' ("F 2") that, during the Seven Years' War, formed part of the advanced ...

(1716–1759), Prussian general * Ferdinand Gotthelf Hand (1786–1851), philologist * Eduard Friedrich Poeppig (1798–1868), botanist, zoologist and explorer *

Gustav Hartenstein Gustav Hartenstein (18 March 1808 – 2 February 1890) was a German philosopher and author. He was one of the most gifted followers of Johann Friedrich Herbart. Biography He was born at Plauen, Saxony, and educated at the Fürstenschule in Grimma ...

(1808–1890), philosopher *

Charles Beyer Charles Frederick Beyer (an anglicised form of his original German name Carl Friedrich Beyer) (14 May 1813 – 2 June 1876) was a celebrated German-British locomotive designer and builder, and co-founder of the Institution of Mechanical Engineer ...

(1813–1876), locomotive designer and engineer * Emil Kautzsch (1841–1910), theologian * Arwed Rossbach (1844–1902), architect in Leipzig * Hermann Vogel (1854–1921), illustrator *

Kurt Helbig Kurt Helbig (June 28, 1901, in Plauen – January 30, 1975) was a German weightlifter who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics. He died in Berlin. In 1928 he won the gold medal in the lightweight class. References

* 1901 births ...

(1901–1975), weightlifter * Friedrich Hielscher (1902–1990), religious philosopher, writer and resistance fighter against Nazism * E.O. Plauen (1903–1944), cartoonist *

Paul Wessel Paul Wessel (born 9 April 1904 in Plauen; d. 20 January 1967 in Berlin) was a member of the small secretariat of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, the communist party of the former German Democratic Rep ...

(1904–1967), politician (SED) * Egon Zill (1906–1974), Nazi SS commandant of the

Flossenbürg concentration camp Flossenbürg was a Nazi concentration camp built in May 1938 by the SS Main Economic and Administrative Office. Unlike other concentration camps, it was located in a remote area, in the Fichtel Mountains of Bavaria, adjacent to the town of Flo ...

*

Werner Hartenstein Werner Hartenstein (27 February 1908 – 8 March 1943) was a German naval officer during World War II who commanded the U-boat . He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, the highest award in the military and paramilitary ...

(1908–1943), war-time commander of U-156 * Walter Ballhause (1911–1991), photographer *

Horst Dohlus Horst Dohlus (30 May 1925 – 28 April 2007) was a high ranking Socialist Unity Party of Germany, SED party functionary in the German Democratic Republic and a member of the country's People's Chamber, National Legislative Assembly (''Volkska ...

(1925–2007), SED functionary * Karl Richter (1926–1981), conductor, organist, and harpsichordist * Hans Otte (1926–2007), composer and pianist * Klaus Zoephel (1929–2017), composer and conductor *

Klaus Zink Klaus Zink (born 20 January 1936 in Plauen) is a former German footballer who scored 5 goals in 1958–59 European Cup. References

1936 births Living people German footballers Association football forwards FC Erzgebirge Aue players Peop ...

(born 1936), footballer * Angelika Bahmann (born 1952), slalom canoeist, Olympic champion * Kornelia Ender (born 1958), swimmer, Olympic champion * Volker Eckert (1959-2007), serial killer * Matthias Freihof (born 1961), television actor and director * Andrea Stolletz (born 1963), handball player * Olaf Schubert (born 1967), comedian and musician *

Martin Dulig Martin Dulig (born 26 February 1974) is a German politician for the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). Until 20 December 2019 he has been the Saxony, Saxon State Minister of Labor and Traffic and Deputy Minister President of Saxony in the ...

(born 1974), politician (SPD) *

Christian Bahmann Christian Bahmann (born 22 July 1981 in Plauen) is a German slalom canoeist who competed at the international level from 1999 to 2008. He won a gold in the C2 event at the 2005 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in Penrith. He also won a sil ...

(born 1981), slalom canoeist *

Christin Zenner Christin Zenner (born March 18, 1991 in Plauen, Saxony) is a German swimmer, who specialized in backstroke events. She is a two-time champion in the 50 m backstroke at the European Junior Swimming Championships (2006 in Palma de Mallorca, Spain ...

(born 1991), swimmer * Kassem Taher Saleh (born 1993), politician (Alliance 90/The Greens)

Honorary citizens

* Martin Mutschmann, 1933 (revoked 1945)

Gallery

Plauen Innenstadt Bahnhofstrasse.jpg, Plauen downtown PL-Markt-1.jpg, Old market square Plauen Altes Rathaus.jpg, Old city hall Markuskirche.jpg, Church of St. Mark Das Vogtlandtheater .jpg, Vogtlandtheater Plauen Gedenktafel 7.Oktober.jpg, Commemorative plaque in Plauen for the mass demonstration of 1989

References

External links

* * {{Authority control Vogtlandkreis Populated places established in the 12th century