Pimplinae are a worldwide
subfamily
In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...
of the
parasitic wasp family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
Ichneumonidae.
[Gavin Broad (1966]
Identification key to the subfamilies of Ichneumonidae
/ref>
Pimplinae are parasitoid
In evolutionary ecology, a parasitoid is an organism that lives in close association with its host (biology), host at the host's expense, eventually resulting in the death of the host. Parasitoidism is one of six major evolutionarily stable str ...
s of Endopterygota
Endopterygota (from Ancient Greek ''endon'' 'inner' + ''pterón'' 'wing' + New Latin ''-ota'' 'having'), also known as Holometabola, is a superorder of insects within the infraclass Neoptera that go through distinctive larval, pupal, and adult s ...
, often the pupa
A pupa ( la, pupa, "doll"; plural: ''pupae'') is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation between immature and mature stages. Insects that go through a pupal stage are holometabolous: they go through four distinct stages in their ...
e of Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera ( ) is an order (biology), order of insects that includes butterfly, butterflies and moths (both are called lepidopterans). About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera are described, in 126 Family (biology), families and 46 Taxonomic r ...
. Various species parasitize the egg sacs and adults of spiders
Spiders ( order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species dive ...
.[ ] There are 95 genera
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...
.
Pimplinae are generally sturdy black insects with orange markings. The first tergite is box-like with the spiracle Spiracle or spiraculum may refer to:
* Spiracle (arthropods), opening in the exoskeletons of some arthropods
* Spiracle (vertebrates), openings on the surface of some vertebrates
* Spiraculum, a genus of land snails in family Cyclophoridae
Cycl ...
anterior to the middle.
List of genera
Delomeristini Hellén, 1915
* '' Atractogaster'' Kriechbaumer, 1872
* '' Delomerista'' Förster, 1868
Ephialtini Hellén, 1915
* '' Acrodactyla'' Haliday, 1838
* '' Acropimpla'' Townes, 1960
* '' Acrotaphus'' Townes, 1960
* '' Afrephialtes'' Benoit, 1963
* '' Afrosphincta'' Benoit, 1953
* '' Alophosternum'' Cushman, 1933
* '' Anastelgis'' Townes, 1960
* '' Aravenator'' Momoi, 1973
* '' Calliephialtes'' Ashmead, 1900
* '' Camptotypus'' Kriechbaumer, 1889
* '' Clistopyga'' Gravenhorst, 1829
* '' Clydonium'' Townes, 1966
* '' Dolichomitus'' Smith, 1877
* '' Dreisbachia'' Townes, 1962
* '' Endromopoda'' Hellén, 1939
* '' Ephialtes'' Gravenhorst, 1829
* '' Eriostethus'' Morley, 1914
* ''Eruga
''Eruga'' is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the tribe Ephialtini. Some of its species are parasites of spiders in the families Tetragnathidae and Linyphiidae. It consists of approximately 15 species, found in the Afrotropical, Nearctic and Neotrop ...
'' Townes & Townes, 1960
* ''Exeristes
''Exeristes'' is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. There are about nine described species in ''Exeristes''.
Species
These nine species belong to the genus ''Exeristes'':
* '' Exeristes arundinis'' (Kriechbaumer, 1887)
* '' ...
'' Förster, 1869
* '' Exestuberis'' Wang & Yue, 1995
* '' Flacopimpla'' Gauld, 1991
* '' Flavopimpla'' Betrem, 1932
* '' Fredegunda'' Fitton, Shaw & Gauld, 1988
* '' Gregopimpla'' Momoi, 1965
* '' Hemipimpla'' Saussure, 1892
* '' Hymenoepimecis'' Viereck, 1912
* ''Iseropus
''Iseropus'' is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. There are about nine described species in ''Iseropus''.
Species
These nine species belong to the genus ''Iseropus'':
* '' Iseropus barqueroi'' Gauld, 1991
* '' Iseropus cali ...
'' Förster, 1868
* '' Leptopimpla'' Townes, 1961
* '' Liotryphon'' Ashmead, 1900
* '' Lithoserix'' Brown, 1986
* '' Odontopimpla'' Cameron, 1886
* ''Oxyrrhexis
''Oxyrrhexis'' is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae
The Ichneumonidae, also known as the ichneumon wasps, Darwin wasps, or ichneumonids, are a family (biology), family of parasitoid wasps of the insect order Hymenoptera. T ...
'' Förster, 1868
* '' Pachymelos'' Baltazar, 1961
* '' Paraperithous'' Haupt, 1954
* '' Parvipimpla'' Gauld, 1984
* '' Pimplaetus'' Seyrig, 1932
* '' Piogaster'' Perkins, 1958
* '' Polysphincta'' Gravenhorst, 1829
* '' Pseudopimpla'' Habermehl, 1917
* '' Pterinopus'' Townes, 1969
* ''Scambus
''Scambus'' is a genus of wasps. Species are found in Europe, the Middle East (Turkey), South America (Peru)Gómez, I.C. & Yabar-Landa, E. 2015: Description of the first species of Scambus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from Peru, with a key ...
'' Hartig, 1838
* ''Schizopyga
''Schizopyga'' is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. There are about 10 described species in ''Schizopyga''.
Species
These 10 species belong to the genus ''Schizopyga'':
* '' Schizopyga anseli'' Fernandez, 2007
* '' Schizopy ...
'' Gravenhorst, 1829
* '' Sericopimpla'' Kriechbaumer, 1895
* ''Sinarachna
''Sinarachna'' is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. There are about five described species in ''Sinarachna''.
Species
These five species belong to the genus ''Sinarachna'':
* '' Sinarachna anomala'' (Holmgren, 1860)
* '' Si ...
'' Townes, 1960
* '' Ticapimpla'' Gauld, 1991
* '' Townesia'' Ozols, 1962
* ''Tromatobia
''Tromatobia'' is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. There are at least 4 described species in ''Tromatobia''.Sharkey M.J. (2007). ''Phylogeny and Classification of Hymenoptera''."Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies ...
'' Förster, 1869
* '' Umanella'' Gauld, 1991
* '' Xanthephialtes'' Cameron, 1906
* '' Xanthophenax'' Saussure, 1892
* '' Zabrachypus'' Cushman, 1920
* ''Zaglyptus
''Zaglyptus'' is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. There are at least 20 described species in ''Zaglyptus''.
Species
These 23 species belong to the genus ''Zaglyptus'':
* '' Zaglyptus ankaratrus'' Seyrig, 1934
* '' Zaglypt ...
'' Förster, 1869
* ''Zatypota
''Zatypota'' is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. There are at least 40 described species in ''Zatypota''.
Species
These 49 species belong to the genus ''Zatypota'':
* ''Zatypota albicoxa'' (Walker, 1874)
* '' Zatypota al ...
'' Förster, 1869
* '' Zonopimpla'' Ashmead, 1900
Perithoini Wahl & Gauld, 1998
* ''Perithous
Pirithous (; grc-gre, Πειρίθοος or , derived from ; also transliterated as Perithous), in Greek mythology, was the King of the Lapiths of Larissa in Thessaly, as well as best friend to Theseus.
Biography
Pirithous was a son of "he ...
'' Holmgren, 1859
Pimplini Wesmael, 1845
* '' Alophopimpla'' Momoi, 1966
* '' Apechthis'' Förster, 1868
* '' Augerella'' Gupta, 1962
* '' Echthromorpha'' Holmgren, 1868
* '' Epitheronia'' Gupta, 1962
* '' Itoplectis'' Förster, 1869
* ''Lissopimpla
''Lissopimpla'' is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Ichneumonidae. The species of this genus are found in Australia.
Species
The ''Lissopimpla'' includes the following species:
* '' Lissopimpla albopicta'' (Walker, 1860)
* ...
'' Kriechbaumer, 1889
* '' Neotheronia'' Krieger, 1899
* '' Nomosphecia'' Gupta, 1962
* †'' Parapimpla'' Théobald, 1937
* '' Parema'' Gupta, 1962
* ''Pimpla
''Pimpla'' are a worldwide genus of the parasitic wasp family Ichneumonidae.
''Pimpla'' species are idiobiont endoparasitoids of Holometabola, often the pupae of Lepidoptera. For instance, the common '' Pimpla rufipes'' parasitizes ''Pieris bra ...
'' Fabricius, 1804
* '' Strongylopsis'' Brauns, 1896
* '' Theronia'' Holmgren, 1859
* ''Xanthopimpla
''Xanthopimpla'' is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Ichneumonidae.
The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution
In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or ...
'' Saussure, 1892
Gallery
File:Parasite170127-fig 2A (unlabelled) ovipositor Pimplinae Brachyzapus nikkoensis.jpg, ''Brachyzapus nikkoensis'' depositing egg on a spider
File:Parasite170127-fig 2B (unlabelled) ovipositor Pimplinae Zatypota albicoxa.jpg, ''Zatypota albicoxa'' depositing egg on a spider
File:Ichneumonidae - Pimpla cf. rufipes.jpg, ''Pimpla cf. rufipes''
File:Dolichomitus imperator Eiablage-02-R Bartz.jpg, ''Dolichomitus imperator''
File:Scambus.buolianae2.-.lindsey.jpg, ''Scambus buolianae''
File:Acropimpla.pictipes.-.lindsey.jpg, ''Acropimpla.pictipes''
File:Exeristes.roborator2.-.lindsey.jpg, ''Exeristes roborator''
References
External links
Diagnostic characters
Images (in easy Spanish)
Hymenoptera Online (HOL)
*
Taxonomicon
Apocrita subfamilies
{{Ichneumonidae-stub