Phytolaccaceae is a
family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...
of
flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants t ...
s. Though almost universally recognized by
taxonomists
In biology, taxonomy () is the scientific study of naming, defining ( circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped into taxa (singular: taxon) and these groups are given ...
, its circumscription has varied. It is also known as the
Pokeweed
''Phytolacca americana'', also known as American pokeweed, pokeweed, poke sallet, dragonberries, and inkberry, is a poisonous, herbaceous perennial plant in the pokeweed family Phytolaccaceae. This pokeweed grows . It has simple leaves on green ...
family.
The
APG II system
The APG II system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II system) of plant classification is the second, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy that was published in April 2003 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Gr ...
, of 2003 (unchanged from the
APG system
The APG system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system) of plant classification is the first version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy. Published in 1998 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, it was replaced by the improved A ...
, of 1998), also recognizes this family and assigns it to the order
Caryophyllales
Caryophyllales ( ) is a diverse and heterogeneous order of flowering plants that includes the cacti, carnations, amaranths, ice plants, beets, and many carnivorous plants. Many members are succulent, having fleshy stems or leaves. The betalai ...
in the clade
core eudicots
The eudicots, Eudicotidae, or eudicotyledons are a clade of flowering plants mainly characterized by having two seed leaves upon germination. The term derives from Dicotyledons.
Traditionally they were called tricolpates or non-magnoliid dicots ...
. The family comprises five
genera
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...
, totalling 33 known
species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriat ...
.
It is divided into the subfamilies Agdestioideae and Phytolaccoideae, with the former Rivinioideae in the
Takhtajan system
A system of plant taxonomy, the Takhtajan system of plant classification was published by Armen Takhtajan, in several versions from the 1950s onwards. It is usually compared to the Cronquist system. It admits paraphyletic groups.
Systems
The f ...
, now placed in its own family
Petiveriaceae
Petiveriaceae is a family of flowering plants formerly included as subfamily Rivinoideae in Phytolaccaceae. The family comprises nine genera, with about 20 known species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classi ...
Genera and species
The Phytolaccaceae includes the following genera:
*''
Agdestis''
Moc. & Sessé ex DC. — 1 species
*''
Anisomeria''
D.Don — 3 species
*''
Ercilla''
A.Juss. — 2 species
*''
Nowickea''
J.Martínez & J.A.McDonald — 2 species
*''
Phytolacca''
L. — ca 25 species
Former genera
The following genera were previously included in the Phytolaccaceae:
*''
Achatocarpus''
Triana →
Achatocarpaceae
*''
Barbeuia''
Thouars →
Barbeuiaceae
''Barbeuia madagascariensis'' is a liana found only on the island of Madagascar.
''Barbeuia'' has occasionally been placed in its own family, Barbeuiaceae. The APG II system of 2003, for instance, recognizes such a family and assigns it to the ...
*''
Gallesia
''Gallesia'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Petiveriaceae. It only contains one species; ''Gallesia integrifolia'' (Spreng.) Harms
Its native range is western South America to Brazil. It is found in the countrie ...
''
Casar. →
Petiveriaceae
Petiveriaceae is a family of flowering plants formerly included as subfamily Rivinoideae in Phytolaccaceae. The family comprises nine genera, with about 20 known species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classi ...
*''
Gisekia
''Gisekia'' is a genus of flowering plants. It is the only genus in the family Gisekiaceae. The family was recognized in the APG II system (2003) and assigned to the order Caryophyllales in the clade core eudicots. This represents a change from t ...
''
L. →
Gisekiaceae
''Gisekia'' is a genus of flowering plants. It is the only genus in the family Gisekiaceae. The family was recognized in the APG II system (2003) and assigned to the order Caryophyllales in the clade core eudicots. This represents a change from t ...
*''
Hilleria
''Hilleria'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Petiveriaceae.
Its native range is southern Tropical America. It is found in the countries of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru and Venezuela.
It has ...
''
Vell. →
Petiveriaceae
Petiveriaceae is a family of flowering plants formerly included as subfamily Rivinoideae in Phytolaccaceae. The family comprises nine genera, with about 20 known species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classi ...
*''
Gyrostemon
''Gyrostemon'' is a genus of shrubs or small trees in the family Gyrostemonaceae, endemic to Australia.
Species include:
*'' Gyrostemon australasicus'' (Moq.) Heimerl – Camel Poison
*'' Gyrostemon brownii'' S.Moore
*'' Gyrostemon dit ...
''
Desf. →
Gyrostemonaceae
Gyrostemonaceae is a family of plants in the order Brassicales
The Brassicales (or Cruciales) are an order of flowering plants, belonging to the eurosids II group of dicotyledons under the APG II system. One character common to many members ...
*''
Ledenbergia
''Ledenbergia'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Petiveriaceae.
Its native range is Mexico to southern Tropical America. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru and Venez ...
''
Klotzsch ex Moq. →
Petiveriaceae
Petiveriaceae is a family of flowering plants formerly included as subfamily Rivinoideae in Phytolaccaceae. The family comprises nine genera, with about 20 known species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classi ...
*''
Lophiocarpus
''Lophiocarpus'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Lophiocarpaceae
The Lophiocarpaceae are a family of flowering plants comprising mostly succulent subshrubs and herbaceous species native to tropical to southern sub-Sahara ...
''
Turcz. →
Lophiocarpaceae
The Lophiocarpaceae are a family of flowering plants comprising mostly succulent subshrubs and herbaceous species native to tropical to southern sub-Saharan Africa to western India. It includes the genera '' Corbichonia'' and '' Lophiocarpus''.An ...
*''
Microtea''
Sw. →
Microteaceae
*''
Monococcus
''Monococcus'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Petiveriaceae
Petiveriaceae is a family of flowering plants formerly included as subfamily Rivinoideae in Phytolaccaceae. The family comprises nine genera, with a ...
''
F.Muell. →
Petiveriaceae
Petiveriaceae is a family of flowering plants formerly included as subfamily Rivinoideae in Phytolaccaceae. The family comprises nine genera, with about 20 known species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classi ...
*''
Petiveria
''Petiveria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the pigeonberry family, Petiveriaceae. The sole species it contains, ''Petiveria alliacea'', is native to Florida and the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas in the United States, Mexico, Central Am ...
''
L. →
Petiveriaceae
Petiveriaceae is a family of flowering plants formerly included as subfamily Rivinoideae in Phytolaccaceae. The family comprises nine genera, with about 20 known species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classi ...
*''
Phaulothamnus''
A.Gray →
Achatocarpaceae
*''
Rivina
''Rivina'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Petiveriaceae. The name honors German botanist Augustus Quirinus Rivinus (1652-1723).
Selected species
* '' Rivina brasiliensis'' Nocca
* ''Rivina humilis'' L. – Pigeonberry ( Amer ...
''
L. →
Petiveriaceae
Petiveriaceae is a family of flowering plants formerly included as subfamily Rivinoideae in Phytolaccaceae. The family comprises nine genera, with about 20 known species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classi ...
*''
Schindleria''
H.Walter →
Petiveriaceae
Petiveriaceae is a family of flowering plants formerly included as subfamily Rivinoideae in Phytolaccaceae. The family comprises nine genera, with about 20 known species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classi ...
*''
Seguieria
''Seguieria'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Petiveriaceae.
Its native range is southern America. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (northern, north-east, southern, south-east and west-central), Colombia, Costa Ric ...
''
Loefl. →
Petiveriaceae
Petiveriaceae is a family of flowering plants formerly included as subfamily Rivinoideae in Phytolaccaceae. The family comprises nine genera, with about 20 known species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classi ...
*''
Stegnosperma''
Benth. →
Stegnospermataceae
''Stegnosperma'' is a genus of flowering plants, consisting of three species of woody plants, native to the Caribbean, Central America, and the Sonoran Desert. These are shrubs or lianas, with anomalous secondary thickening in mature stems, by su ...
*''
Trichostigma
''Trichostigma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Petiveriaceae. It was formerly placed in the family Phytolaccaceae. It is native to the Caribbean islands, Central America
Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a s ...
''
A.Rich. →
Petiveriaceae
Petiveriaceae is a family of flowering plants formerly included as subfamily Rivinoideae in Phytolaccaceae. The family comprises nine genera, with about 20 known species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classi ...
References
External links
Phytolaccaceaein L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards).
The families of flowering plants descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.'' Version: 30 May 2006. http://delta-intkey.com
Phytolaccaeae in the ''Flora of North America''Phytolaccaeae in the ''Flora of China''NCBI Taxonomy Browser
Caryophyllales families
{{Caryophyllales-stub