Philipp Matthäus Hahn
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Philipp Matthäus Hahn (25 November 1739 in Scharnhausen (today part of
Ostfildern Ostfildern (; Swabian: ''Oschtfilder'') is a town in the district of Esslingen in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. It is located approximately 8 km southeast of Stuttgart. It was formed in 1975 out of a fusion of the previously separ ...
), Duchy of Württemberg – 2 May 1790 in
Echterdingen Leinfelden-Echterdingen (Swabian: ''Laefälda-Ächdordeng'') is a town in the district of Esslingen, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located approximately 10 km south of Stuttgart, near the Stuttgart Airport and directly adjacent to t ...
(today part of Leinfelden-Echterdingen)) was a German pastor, astronomer and inventor. In about 1763 he devised a precision sundial, or ''heliochronometer'' that incorporated the correction for the
equation of time In mathematics, an equation is a formula that expresses the equality of two expressions, by connecting them with the equals sign . The word ''equation'' and its cognates in other languages may have subtly different meanings; for example, in F ...
. In 1774 he designed one of the earliest mechanical calculators of which two are known to have survived to the present day. A renowned clockmaker, several horological museums display his works, including the
Deutsches Uhrenmuseum The German Clock Museum (german: Deutsches Uhrenmuseum) is situated near the centre of the Black Forest town of Furtwangen im Schwarzwald (Germany), a historical centre of clockmaking. It features permanent and temporary exhibits on the history of t ...
which contains a mechanical orrery (planetarium) and a Weltmaschine by the "Priestermechaniker (priest mechanic)".


Philipp Matthäus Hahn's influence upon Friedrich Schiller's

Ode to Joy "Ode to Joy" (German language, German: , literally "To heJoy") is an ode written in the summer of 1785 by German poet, playwright, and historian Friedrich Schiller and published the following year in ''Thalia (magazine), Thalia''. A slightl ...

According to Reinhard Breymayer, Friedrich Schiller's verses "Brüder - überm Sternenzelt/ muß ein lieber Vater wohnen" ("Brothers, above the starry canopy/ There must dwell a loving Father"), reflecting the poet's Philosophy of Love, are a reference to the astronomer and pastor Hahn's Theology of Love. Cf. Reinhard Breymayer: Erhard Weigels Schüler Detlev Clüver und sein Einfluss auf
Friedrich Christoph Oetinger Friedrich Christoph Oetinger (2 May 1702 – 10 February 1782) was a German Lutheran theologian and theosopher. Biography Oetinger was born at Göppingen. He studied philosophy and Lutheran theology at Tübingen (1722-1728), and was impressed by ...
(1702–1782) €¦In: Katharina Habermann, Klaus-Dieter Herbst (Ed.): '' Erhard Weigel (1625–1699) und seine Schüler''. Universitätsverlag Göttingen, Göttingen 2016, pp. 269–323,
here pp. 317–322: Nachweis einer Verbindung zwischen dem mit Mozart und
Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classic ...
vertrauten Franz Joseph Reichsgraf von Thun und Hohenstein, dem Mechaniker Philipp Gottfried Schaudt und dem Pfarrer Philipp Matthäus Hahn. Findet sich eine Spur von Hahns Theologie in Schillers Ode "An die Freude"?
Count Thun in Vienna was a nephew of Josef Friedrich Wilhelm, prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen in
Hechingen Hechingen ( Swabian: ''Hächenga'') is a town in central Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated about south of the state capital of Stuttgart and north of Lake Constance and the Swiss border. Geography The town lies at the foot of t ...
near Onstmettingen. Both ordered an astronomic machine constructed in Onstmettingen by Onstmettingen's pastor Hahn and produced by Onstmettingen's head teacher Schaudt.
Count Thun's wife, Maria Wilhelmina Reichsgräfin von Thun und Hohenstein née Comtessin von Uhlfeld, is remembered as the sponsor of a musically and intellectually outstanding salon in Vienna and for her patronage of music, notably that of Mozart and Beethoven.
Cf. Reinhard Breymayer: ''Astronomie, Kalenderstreit und Liebestheologie. Von Erhard Weigel'' ..''über Friedrich Christoph Oetinger und Philipp Matthäus Hahn zu Friedrich Schiller, Johann Andreas Streicher, Franz Joseph Graf von Thun und Hohenstein, Mozart und Beethoven''. Heck, Dußlingen, 2016. - .


References


Bibliography


Primary sources

* Philipp Matthäus Hahn: ''Kurze Beschreibung einer kleinen beweglichen Welt-Maschine.Faksimile-Neudruck der wiederentdeckten Ausgabe Konstanz, Lüdolph, 1770''. Herausgegeben von Reinhard Breymayer. Mit einem Geleitwort von Alfred Munz. Tübingen : Noûs-Verlag Thomas Leon Heck, 1988. bout the astronomic machine ordered by Josef Friedrich Wilhelm, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen. * Philipp Matthäus Hahn uthor– Jakob Friedrich Klemm djoint author ''Etwas zum Verstand des Königreichs Gottes und Christi ("Fingerzeig") * samt einem Auszug aus dem "Theologischen Notizbuch" von Philipp Matthäus Hahn mit neun ausgewählten Abhandlungen aus dem zeitlichen Umfeld der Epheserbriefauslegung von 1774''. Herausgegeben von Walter Stäbler. (Stuttgart : Verein für württembergische Kirchengeschichte c/o Landeskirchliches Archiv Stuttgart), 2016 (''Kleine Schriften des Vereins für württembergische Kirchengeschichte'', Nr. 20). edaction: Reinhard Breymayer.– . * Philipp Matthäus Hahn: ''Hinterlassene Schriften''. Hrsg. von Christoph Ulrich Hahn. Heilbronn m NeckarRothenburg ob der Tauber, 1828.


Secondary sources

* Walter Stäbler: ''Pietistische Theologie im Verhör. Das System Philipp Matthäus Hahns und seine Beanstandung durch das württembergische Konsistorium''. Stuttgart: Calwer Verlag, 1992. – Ev.-Theol. Diss. Münster in Westfalen 1990. * ''Philipp Matthäus Hahn 1739–1790. Pfarrer, Astronom, Ingenieur, Unternehmer''. Teil 1: ''Katalog''; Teil 2: ''Aufsätze''. Stuttgart : Württembergisches Landesmuseum Stuttgart, 1989. * Reinhard Breymayer: "Anfangs glaubte ich die Bengelische ._i._von_Johann_Albrecht_Bengel_stammende.html" ;"title="Johann_Albrecht_Bengel.html" ;"title=". i. von Johann Albrecht Bengel">. i. von Johann Albrecht Bengel stammende">Johann_Albrecht_Bengel.html" ;"title=". i. von Johann Albrecht Bengel">. i. von Johann Albrecht Bengel stammendeErklärung ganz ..." Philipp Matthäus Hahns Weg zu seinem wiederentdeckten "Versuch einer neuen Erklärung der Offenbarung Johannis" <1785>. In: ''Pietismus und Neuzeit. Ein Jahrbuch zur Geschichte des neueren Protestantismus''. Im Auftrag der Historischen Kommission zur Erforschung des Pietismus herausgegeben von Martin Brecht, Friedrich de Boor, Klaus Deppermann, Ulrich Gäbler, Hartmut Lehmann und Johannes [Christian] Wallmann, Band 15 (1989). ''Schwerpunkt: Die Gemeinschaftsbewegung''. Göttingen (1989), pp. 172–219. * Günther Schweizer: ''Familie, Vorfahren und Verwandte von Philipp Matthäus Hahn. Pfarrer, Astronom, Ingenieur und Unternehmer. 1739-1790''. Herausgegeben vom Förderverein Stadtmuseum Leinfelden-Echterdingen e. V. (Tübingen: Prof. Dr. Günther Schweizer, 2006.) (''Schriftenreihe des Fördervereins Stadtmuseum Leinfelden-Echterdingen e. V.'', Band 2). . * Werner Raupp: Art. Hahn, Philipp Matthäus (1739–1790). – In: Heiner F. Klemme und Manfred Kuehn (General Editors), The Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century German Philosophers. Vol. 2, London/New York 2010, p. 443–445.


External links


A Brief History of Mechanical Calculators

Jim Falk, Things that Count. Part 2, "The emergence of the modern calculator"
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hahn, Philipp Matthaeus 1739 births 1790 deaths People from Ostfildern 18th-century German inventors German Protestant clergy People from the Duchy of Württemberg