Phaedon Avouris ( el, Φαίδων Αβούρης; born 1945) is a

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

chemical physicist and materials scientist. He is an IBM Fellow and was formerly the group leader for Nanometer Scale Science and Technology at the

Thomas J. Watson Research Center The Thomas J. Watson Research Center is the headquarters for IBM Research. The center comprises three sites, with its main laboratory in Yorktown Heights, New York, U.S., 38 miles (61 km) north of New York City, Albany, New York and wit ...

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Education and professional positions

Avouris received his B.Sc. degree at the

Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Aristotle (; grc-gre, Ἀριστοτέλης ''Aristotélēs'', ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of phil ...

, Greece in 1968. After performing research on isotope effects in chemistry at the Research Center “Demokritos” in Greece, he received his Ph.D. degree in Physical Chemistry at Michigan State University in 1974. He did postdoctoral work on laser spectroscopy and molecular dynamics at

UCLA The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public land-grant research university in Los Angeles, California. UCLA's academic roots were established in 1881 as a teachers college then known as the southern branch of the California ...

, and was a Research Fellow at AT&T Bell Laboratories before joining the staff of IBM's Research Division at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center in 1978. Over the years he led research groups at IBM in chemical physics, surface science and nanotechnology. In 2004, he was elected an IBM Fellow. While working at IBM, he was also adjunct research professor at

Columbia University Columbia University (also known as Columbia, and officially as Columbia University in the City of New York) is a private research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Church in Manhatt ...

(Chemistry), the

University of Illinois The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (U of I, Illinois, University of Illinois, or UIUC) is a public land-grant research university in Illinois in the twin cities of Champaign and Urbana. It is the flagship institution of the Univer ...

(Electrical and Computer Engineering), and at the

University of Minnesota The University of Minnesota, formally the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, (UMN Twin Cities, the U of M, or Minnesota) is a public land-grant research university in the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. ...

(Electrical Engineering).

Research work

Phaedon Avouris’ early work focused on the behavior of molecules adsorbed on surfaces. Avouris used scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/S) to image on the atomic scale how chemical reactions take place at metal and semiconductor surfaces, and to study the factors that determine the reactivity of different surface sites. He also used STM to manipulate individual strongly-bonded atoms, clusters of atoms, molecules and nanostructures at surfaces. Avouris is best known for his later pioneering contributions to nanoscience and nanotechnology. This work involves studies of the electrical and photonic properties of nanostructures, primarily carbon nanotubes and graphene, and their potential use in new electronic and photonics technologies. The research involves both basic science studies, as well as the fabrication and evaluation of novel, high performance nano-electronic and nano-photonic devices. Avouris and his research team produced the first carbon nanotube field effect transistors, logic gates and integrated electronic circuits. Analogous results were achieved using graphene, including the development of GHz high frequency transistors, integrated circuits, ultrafast infrared detectors, and plasmonic sensor devices. Avouris published more than 500 scientific papers which have received over 100,000 citations (Google Scholar (2020); Microsoft Academic Search (2020). See also Thomson-Reuters: The World's Most Influential Scientific Minds – Physics (2015). He has edited three books on 2D Materials (2017), Carbon Nanotubes (2001) and Atomic and Nanometer Scale Materials Manipulation (1992) and holds 23 patents.

Awards and honors

Phaedon Avouris was elected as member of the ''National Academy of Sciences'' in 2017, the ''American Academy of Arts and Sciences'' in 2003, ''the Academy of Athens, Greece'' (Corresponding member) in 2007, and the IBM Academy of Technology in 2004. He was also elected Fellow in the following scientific societies: ''American Physical Society'' (APS) in 1987; ''Institute of Physics'' (U.K.) in 2004; ''Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineers'' (IEEE) in 2014); ''American Association for the Advancement of Science'' (AAAS) in 1996; ''Materials Research Society'' (MRS) in 2011; ''American Vacuum Society'' (AVS) in 1997; World Technology Network (1999). For his work Avouris has received many awards from diverse scientific institutions including: * Irving Langmuir Prize for Chemical Physics, American Physical Society, 2003 * Medard W. Welch Award for Surface Science, American Vacuum Society, 1997 * IEEE Nanotechnology Section, Nanotechnology Pioneer Award, 2010 * Richard Feynman Prize for Nanotechnology, Foresight Institute, 1999 * Julius Springer Prize for Applied Physics (with T. Heinz), 2008 * MRS David Turnbull Lectureship, Materials Research Society, 2011 * Richard E. Smalley Prize of the Electrochemical Society, 2009 * H. Bloch Medal, Excellence of Research in Industry, Univ. of Chicago, 2015 * IBM Exceptional Achievement Corporate Award, 2011 * Outstanding Technical Achievement Awards, IBM Corporation, 1989, 1993, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2013, 2015 * Honorary Doctorate, International Hellenic University, 2013 * Distinguished Alumnus Award, Michigan State University, 2001

General References

* Phaedon Avouris, ''Manipulation of Matter at the Atomic and Molecular Levels'', ''Accounts of Chemical Research'' (Special issue on the "Holy Grails" of Chemistry), 28, 95 (1995
Manipulation of Matter at the Atomic and Molecular Levels
* Philip G. Collins and Phaedon Avouris, ''Nanotubes and the Electronics of the Future'', ''Scientific American'' 283, 38 (2000
Interconnect technologies using Carbon Nanotubes: Current status and future challenges
* Phaedon Avouris, ''Carbon Nanotube Electronics and Photonics'', ''Physics'' ''Today'' 62,1, 34 (2009
doi: 10.1063/1.3074261
* ''ACS Nano,'' A Conversation with Dr. Phaedon Avouris: Nanoscience Leader, vol. 4, pp. 7041-7047 (2010
A Conversation with Dr. Phaedon Avouris: Nanoscience Leader
* ''IT History Society'': ''Dr. Phaedon'' ''Avouris''; Phaedon Avouris, Marcus Freitag and Vasili Perebeinos, ''Carbon Nanotube Optics and Optoelectronics'', ''Nature Photonics'' 2, 341 (2008
Carbon-nanotube photonics and optoelectronics
* Ph. Avouris, C. Dimitrakopoulos, Graphene: Synthesis and Applications, ''Materials Today'', 15, 86 (2012
Graphene: synthesis and applications
* Fengnian Xia, Phaedon Avouris, ''Interaction of Light with Graphene: Physics and Applications'', ''IEEE Proceedings,'' 101, 1717 (2013
The Interaction of Light and Graphene: Basics, Devices, and Applications
* Tony Low and Phaedon Avouris, ''Graphene Plasmonics for Terahertz to Mid-Infrared Applications'', ''ACS Nano'' 8, 1086 (2014
Graphene Plasmonics for Terahertz to Mid-Infrared Applications

Representative Publications

# # LYO, I.-W.; AVOURIS, P. (1991-07-12). "Field-Induced Nanometer- to Atomic-Scale Manipulation of Silicon Surfaces with the STM". ''Science''. 253 (5016): 173–176. doi:10.1126/science.253.5016.173.

ISSN An International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) is an eight-digit serial number used to uniquely identify a serial publication, such as a magazine. The ISSN is especially helpful in distinguishing between serials with the same title. ISSNs ...

0036-8075. # # # LYO, I.-W.; AVOURIS, P. (1991-07-12). "Field-Induced Nanometer- to Atomic-Scale Manipulation of Silicon Surfaces with the STM". ''Science''. 253 (5016): 173–176. doi:10.1126/science.253.5016.173.

0036-8075
Field-Induced Nanometer- to Atomic-Scale Manipulation of Silicon Surfaces with the STM
# I-W. Lyo and Ph. Avouris (1989). "Negative Differential Resistance on the Atomic Scale: Implications for Atomic Scale Devices". ''Science'' 245 (4924): 1369-1371
doi: 10.1126/science.245.4924.1369
# Martel, R.; Schmidt, T.; Shea, H. R.; Hertel, T.; Avouris, Ph. (1998-10-21). "Single- and multi-wall carbon nanotube field-effect transistors". ''Applied Physics Letters''. 73 (17): 2447–2449. doi:10.1063/1.122477.

0003-6951
Single- and multi-wall carbon nanotube field-effect transistors
# Collins, P. G. (2001-04-27). "Engineering Carbon Nanotubes and Nanotube Circuits Using Electrical Breakdown". ''Science''. 292 (5517): 706–709. doi:10.1126/science.1058782. # Martel, R.; Derycke, V.; Lavoie, C.; Appenzeller, J.; Chan, K. K.; Tersoff, J.; Avouris, Ph. (2001-12-03). "Ambipolar Electrical Transport in Semiconducting Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes". ''Physical Review Letters''. 87 (25): 256805. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.256805.

0031-9007 # Wind, S. J.; Appenzeller, J.; Avouris, Ph. (2003-07-29). "Lateral Scaling in Carbon-Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors". ''Physical Review Letters''. 91 (5): 058301.https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.91.058301 # Perebeinos, Vasili; Tersoff, J.; Avouris, Phaedon (2004-06-25). "Scaling of Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes". ''Physical Review Letters''. 92 (25): 257402
Scaling of Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes
# Chen, J., Perebeinos, V, Freitag, M., Tsang, J., Fu, Q., Liu, J., Avouris, P. (2005-11-18). "Bright Infrared Emission from Electrically Induced Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes". ''Science''. 310 (5751): 1171–1174.

0036-8075
Bright Infrared Emission from Electrically Induced Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes
# Chen, Z. (2006-03-24). "An Integrated Logic Circuit Assembled on a Single Carbon Nanotube". ''Science''. 311 (5768): 1735–1735.

0036-8075
An Integrated Logic Circuit Assembled on a Single Carbon Nanotube
# Chen, Zhihong; Lin, Yu-Ming; Rooks, Michael J.; Avouris, Phaedon (2007-12-01). "Graphene nano-ribbon electronics". ''Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures''. 40 (2): 228–232.

1386-9477
Graphene nano-ribbon electronics
# Perebeinos, Vasili; Avouris, Phaedon (2008-07-30). "Phonon and Electronic Nonradiative Decay Mechanisms of Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes". ''Physical Review Letters''. 101 (5): 057401
Phonon and Electronic Nonradiative Decay Mechanisms of Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes
# Xia, Fengnian; Mueller, Thomas; Lin, Yu-ming; Valdes-Garcia, Alberto; Avouris, Phaedon (2009–12). "Ultrafast graphene photodetector". ''Nature Nanotechnology''. 4 (12): 839–843.

1748-3395
Ultrafast graphene photodetector
# Steiner, Mathias; Freitag, Marcus; Perebeinos, Vasili; Tsang, James C.; Small, Joshua P.; Kinoshita, Megumi; Yuan, Dongning; Liu, Jie; Avouris, Phaedon (2009-03-01). "Phonon populations and electrical power dissipation in carbon nanotube transistors". ''Nature Nanotechnology''. 4 (5): 320–324.

1748-3387
Phonon populations and electrical power dissipation in carbon nanotube transistors
# Mueller, Thomas; Xia, Fengnian; Avouris, Phaedon (2010-05). "Graphene photodetectors for high-speed optical communications". ''Nature Photonics''. 4 (5): 297–301.

1749-4893
Graphene photodetectors for high-speed optical communications
# Mueller, Thomas; Kinoshita, Megumi; Steiner, Mathias; Perebeinos, Vasili; Bol, Ageeth A.; Farmer, Damon B.; Avouris, Phaedon (2010-01). "Efficient narrow-band light emission from a single carbon nanotube p–n diode". ''Nature Nanotechnology''. 5 (1): 27–31.

1748-3395
Efficient narrow-band light emission from a single carbon nanotube p–n diode
# Xia, Fengnian; Farmer, Damon B.; Lin, Yu-ming; Avouris, Phaedon (2010-02-10). "Graphene Field-Effect Transistors with High On/Off Current Ratio and Large Transport Band Gap at Room Temperature". ''Nano Letters''. 10 (2): 715–718.

1530-6984
Graphene Field-Effect Transistors with High On/Off Current Ratio and Large Transport Band Gap at Room Temperature
# Lin, Y.-M.; Valdes-Garcia, A.; Han, S.-J.; Farmer, D. B.; Meric, I.; Sun, Y.; Wu, Y.; Dimitrakopoulos, C.; Grill, A.; Avouris, P.; Jenkins, K. A. (2011-06-10). "Wafer-Scale Graphene Integrated Circuit". ''Science''. 332 (6035): 1294–1297.

0036-8075
Wafer-Scale Graphene Integrated Circuit
# Wu, Yanqing; Lin, Yu-ming; Bol, Ageeth A.; Jenkins, Keith A.; Xia, Fengnian; Farmer, Damon B.; Zhu, Yu; Avouris, Phaedon (2011-04). "High-frequency, scaled graphene transistors on diamond-like carbon". ''Nature''. 472 (7341): 74–78.

1476-4687
High-frequency, scaled graphene transistors on diamond-like carbon
# Xia, Fengnian; Perebeinos, Vasili; Lin, Yu-ming; Wu, Yanqing; Avouris, Phaedon (2011-03). "The origins and limits of metal–graphene junction resistance". ''Nature Nanotechnology''. 6 (3): 179–184.

1748-3395
The origins and limits of metal–graphene junction resistance
# Engel, Michael; Steiner, Mathias; Lombardo, Antonio; Ferrari, Andrea C.; Löhneysen, Hilbert v; Avouris, Phaedon; Krupke, Ralph (2012-06-19). "Light–matter interaction in a microcavity-controlled graphene transistor". ''Nature Communications''. 3 (1): 906.

2041-1723. PMC 3621428.

PMID PubMed is a free search engine accessing primarily the MEDLINE database of references and abstracts on life sciences and biomedical topics. The United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health maintain the ...

22713748
Light–matter interaction in a microcavity-controlled graphene transistor
# Yan, Hugen; Li, Xuesong; Chandra, Bhupesh; Tulevski, George; Wu, Yanqing; Freitag, Marcus; Zhu, Wenjuan; Avouris, Phaedon; Xia, Fengnian (2012-05). "Tunable infrared plasmonic devices using graphene/insulator stacks". ''Nature Nanotechnology''. 7 (5): 330–334.

1748-3395
Tunable infrared plasmonic devices using graphene/insulator stacks
# Freitag, Marcus; Low, Tony; Xia, Fengnian; Avouris, Phaedon (2012-12-16). "Photoconductivity of biased graphene". ''Nature Photonics''. 7 (1): 53–59.

1749-4885
Photoconductivity of biased graphene
# Yan, Hugen; Low, Tony; Zhu, Wenjuan; Wu, Yanqing; Freitag, Marcus; Li, Xuesong; Guinea, Francisco; Avouris, Phaedon; Xia, Fengnian (2013-05). "Damping pathways of mid-infrared plasmons in graphene nanostructures". ''Nature Photonics''. 7 (5): 394–399.

1749-4893
Damping pathways of mid-infrared plasmons in graphene nanostructures
# Low, T.; Perebeinos, V.; Tersoff, J.; Avouris, Ph. (2012-03-01). "Deformation and Scattering in Graphene over Substrate Steps". ''Physical Review Letters''. 108 (9): 096601
Deformation and Scattering in Graphene over Substrate Steps
# Freitag, Marcus; Low, Tony; Zhu, Wenjuan; Yan, Hugen; Xia, Fengnian; Avouris, Phaedon (2013-06-03). "Photocurrent in graphene harnessed by tunable intrinsic plasmons". ''Nature Communications''. 4 (1): 1951.

2041-1723
Photocurrent in graphene harnessed by tunable intrinsic plasmons
# Zhu, Wenjuan; Low, Tony; Lee, Yi-Hsien; Wang, Han; Farmer, Damon B.; Kong, Jing; Xia, Fengnian; Avouris, Phaedon (2014-01-17). "Electronic transport and device prospects of monolayer molybdenum disulphide grown by chemical vapour deposition". ''Nature Communications''. 5 (1): 3087. doi:10.1038/ncomms4087.

2041-1723
Electronic transport and device prospects of monolayer molybdenum disulphide grown by chemical vapour deposition
# Yan, Hugen; Low, Tony; Guinea, Francisco; Xia, Fengnian; Avouris, Phaedon (2014-08-13). "Tunable Phonon-Induced Transparency in Bilayer Graphene Nanoribbons". ''Nano Letters''. 14 (8): 4581–4586. doi:10.1021/nl501628x.

1530-6984
Tunable Phonon-Induced Transparency in Bilayer Graphene Nanoribbons
# Low, Tony; Guinea, Francisco; Yan, Hugen; Xia, Fengnian; Avouris, Phaedon (2014-03-18). "Novel Midinfrared Plasmonic Properties of Bilayer Graphene". ''Physical Review Letters''. 112 (11): 116801. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.116801
Novel Midinfrared Plasmonic Properties of Bilayer Graphene
# Koppens, F. H. L.; Mueller, T.; Avouris, Ph; Ferrari, A. C.; Vitiello, M. S.; Polini, M. (2014-10). "Photodetectors based on graphene, other two-dimensional materials and hybrid systems". ''Nature Nanotechnology''. 9 (10): 780–793. doi:10.1038/nnano.2014.215.

1748-3395
Photodetectors based on graphene, other two-dimensional materials and hybrid systems
# Farmer, Damon B.; Rodrigo, Daniel; Low, Tony; Avouris, Phaedon (2015-03-10). "Plasmon–Plasmon Hybridization and Bandwidth Enhancement in Nanostructured Graphene". ''Nano Letters''. 15 (4): 2582–2587. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00148.

1530-6984
Plasmon–Plasmon Hybridization and Bandwidth Enhancement in Nanostructured Graphene
# Falk, Abram L.; Chiu, Kuan-Chang; Farmer, Damon B.; Cao, Qing; Tersoff, Jerry; Lee, Yi-Hsien; Avouris, Phaedon; Han, Shu-Jen (2017-06-22). "Coherent Plasmon and Phonon-Plasmon Resonances in Carbon Nanotubes". ''Physical Review Letters''. 118 (25). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.118.257401.

0031-9007
Coherent Plasmon and Phonon-Plasmon Resonances in Carbon Nanotubes
# Low, Tony; Chaves, Andrey; Caldwell, Joshua D.; Kumar, Anshuman; Fang, Nicholas X.; Avouris, Phaedon; Heinz, Tony F.; Guinea, Francisco; Martin-Moreno, Luis; Koppens, Frank (2017-02). "Polaritons in layered two-dimensional materials". ''Nature Materials''. 16 (2): 182–194. doi:10.1038/nmat4792.

1476-4660
Polaritons in layered two-dimensional materials
# Ho, Po-Hsun; Farmer, Damon B.; Tulevski, George S.; Han, Shu-Jen; Bishop, Douglas M.; Gignac, Lynne M.; Bucchignano, Jim; Avouris, Phaedon; Falk, Abram L. (2018-12-11). "Intrinsically ultrastrong plasmon–exciton interactions in crystallized films of carbon nanotubes". ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences''. 115 (50): 12662–12667. doi:10.1073/pnas.1816251115.

0027-8424. PMC 6294907.

30459274. # Lee, In-Ho; Yoo, Daehan; Avouris, Phaedon; Low, Tony; Oh, Sang-Hyun (2019-02-11). "Graphene acoustic plasmon resonator for ultrasensitive infrared spectroscopy". ''Nature Nanotechnology''. 14 (4): 313–319. doi:10.1038/s41565-019-0363-8.

1748-3387
Graphene acoustic plasmon resonator for ultrasensitive infrared spectroscopy
# Lee, In-Ho; He, Mingze; Zhang, Xi; Luo, Yujie; Liu, Song; Edgar, James H.; Wang, Ke; Avouris, Phaedon; Low, Tony; Caldwell, Joshua D.; Oh, Sang-Hyun (2020-07-20). "Image polaritons in boron nitride for extreme polariton confinement with low losses". ''Nature Communications''. 11 (1). doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17424-w.

2041-1723
Image polaritons in boron nitride for extreme polariton confinement with low losses
# Avouris, Phaedon (1995-03-01). "Manipulation of Matter at the Atomic and Molecular Levels". ''Accounts of Chemical Research''. 28 (3): 95–102. doi:10.1021/ar00051a002.

0001-4842
Manipulation of Matter at the Atomic and Molecular Levels

References

External links

Nanometer Scale Science and Technology Group Homepage

Irving Langmuir Prize

Academy of Athens

{{DEFAULTSORT:Avouris, Phaedon 1945 births Living people Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Greek academics Greek nanotechnologists IBM Fellows Michigan State University alumni Aristotle University of Thessaloniki alumni Corresponding Members of the Academy of Athens (modern)