''Penstemon'' , the beardtongues, is a large

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...

of roughly 250 species of flowering plants native mostly to the

Nearctic The Nearctic realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting the Earth's land surface. The Nearctic realm covers most of North America, including Greenland, Central Florida, and the highlands of Mexico. The parts of North America ...

, but with a few species also found in the North American portion of the

Neotropics The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In bioge ...

. It is the largest genus of flowering plants endemic to North America. Formerly placed in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Scrophulariaceae The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family. The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as shrubs. Flowers have bilateral (zygomorphic) or rarely radial (actinomorphic) symmetry. The Scr ...

by the

Cronquist system The Cronquist system is a taxonomic classification system of flowering plants. It was developed by Arthur Cronquist in a series of monographs and texts, including ''The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants'' (1968; 2nd edition, 1988) ...

, new genetic research has placed it in the vastly expanded family Plantaginaceae. Penstemon rupicola 8311f

They have

opposite leaves In botany, phyllotaxis () or phyllotaxy is the arrangement of leaves on a plant stem. Phyllotactic spirals form a distinctive class of patterns in nature. Leaf arrangement The basic arrangements of leaves on a stem are opposite and alterna ...

, partly tube-shaped, and two-lipped

flower A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Angiospermae). The biological function of a flower is to facilitate reproduction, usually by providing a mechanis ...

s and

seed A seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering, along with a food reserve. The formation of the seed is a part of the process of reproduction in seed plants, the spermatophytes, including the gymnosperm and angiosper ...

capsules. The most distinctive feature of the genus is the prominent

staminode In botany, a staminode is an often rudimentary, sterile or abortive stamen, which means that it does not produce pollen.Jackson, Benjamin, Daydon; ''A Glossary of Botanic Terms with their Derivation and Accent''; Published by Gerald Duckworth & C ...

, an infertile

stamen The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the fila ...

. The staminode takes a variety of forms in the different species; while typically a long straight filament extending to the mouth of the corolla, some are longer and extremely hairy, giving the general appearance of an open mouth with a fuzzy tongue protruding and inspiring the common name beardtongue. Most penstemons are

deciduous In the fields of horticulture and Botany, the term ''deciduous'' () means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, ...

or semi-

evergreen In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional through more than one growing season. This also pertains to plants that retain their foliage only in warm climates, and contrasts with deciduous plants, whic ...

perennials A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years. The term ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the years") is often used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. The term is also widel ...

, the remainder being

shrubs A shrub (often also called a bush) is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees ...

or subshrubs. Heights can range from 10 cm to as much as 3 metres. The one Asiatic species previously treated in ''Penstemon'' is now placed in a separate genus '' Pennellianthus''. This leaves ''Penstemon'' a mostly

genus, with a few

neotropical The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In bioge ...

species. Although widespread across North America, and found in habitats ranging from open desert to moist forests, and up to the alpine zone, they are not typically common within their range.

History

John Mitchell published the first scientific description in 1748; although he only named it as ''Penstemon'', we can identify it as '' P. laevigatus''.

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...

then included it in his 1753 publication, as ''Chelone pentstemon'', altering the spelling to better correspond to the notion that the name referred to the unusual fifth stamen (Greek "penta-", five). Mitchell's work was reprinted in 1769, continuing with his original spelling, and this was ultimately accepted as the official form, although ''Pentstemon'' continued in use into the 20th century. Although several more species were found in the 18th century, they continued to be classified in '' Chelone'' until about the 1820s. The period of 1810 to 1850 increased the number of known species from 4 to 63, as expeditions traveled through Mexico and the western United States, followed by another 100 up to 1900. During this time, seeds began to be offered for sale in Europe, the earliest known dating from 1813, with John Fraser offering four species in London, followed by Flanagan & Nutting offering nine species in their 1835 catalog. Subsequently many hybrids were developed in Europe. Fieldwork in the remote parts of the

Great Basin The Great Basin is the largest area of contiguous endorheic watersheds, those with no outlets, in North America. It spans nearly all of Nevada, much of Utah, and portions of California, Idaho, Oregon, Wyoming, and Baja California. It is noted fo ...

during the 20th century brought the total number of species known to over 250. The genus was extensively revised by David Keck between 1932 and 1957. In 1946 the American Penstemon Society (link at bottom) was formed to promote both horticultural and botanical interest.

Uses

Some Native American tribes used penstemons as medicinal remedies for humans and animals.Escamilla, G., et al
''Penstemon ambiguus''.
Medicinal Plants of the Southwest. New Mexico State University. 2001. Updated 2008. Today its primary use is ornamental.

Horticulture

Although penstemons are among the most attractive

native Native may refer to: People * Jus soli, citizenship by right of birth * Indigenous peoples, peoples with a set of specific rights based on their historical ties to a particular territory ** Native Americans (disambiguation) In arts and entert ...

flowers of North America, Europe has traditionally been far more active in their hybridization with hundreds of hybrids developed since the early 19th century. The earliest development is somewhat shrouded in mystery; for instance Flanagan & Nutting's 1835 catalog mentions a 'Penstemon Hybridum' but does not describe it. By 1860, a half-dozen French growers are known to have developed hybrids, most notably Victor Lemoine, while in 1857 the German Wilhelm Pfitzer listed 24 varieties. In 1861 the British

Royal Horticultural Society The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), founded in 1804 as the Horticultural Society of London, is the UK's leading gardening charity. The RHS promotes horticulture through its five gardens at Wisley (Surrey), Hyde Hall (Essex), Harlow Carr (Nor ...

held trials in which 78 varieties were entered. The Scottish firm of John Forbes first offered penstemons in 1870, eventually becoming the biggest grower in the world; in 1884 their catalog listed 180 varieties. By 1900 Forbes had offered 550 varieties, while Lemoine had developed nearly 470 by the time of his death in 1911. Few of these have survived to the present day. A number of different species have been used in the hybridization process, notably '' P. cobaea'' and '' P. hartwegii''. In North America, penstemons are often used in xeriscape landscaping, as many are native to desert or alpine regions and thus quite hardy. One of the largest collections of penstemons in North America is found at The Arboretum at

Flagstaff, Arizona Flagstaff ( ) is a city in, and the county seat of, Coconino County in northern Arizona, in the southwestern United States. In 2019, the city's estimated population was 75,038. Flagstaff's combined metropolitan area has an estimated population ...

, which hosts a Penstemon Festival each summer.

Cultivars

The following species and cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's

Award of Garden Merit The Award of Garden Merit (AGM) is a long-established annual award for plants by the British Royal Horticultural Society (RHS). It is based on assessment of the plants' performance under UK growing conditions. History The Award of Garden Merit ...

:- * 'Andenken an Friedrich Hahn' (deep red) * 'Beech Park' (pink/white) * 'Connie's Pink' (rose pink) * 'Evelyn' (rose pink) * 'George Home' (red/white) * 'Hewell Pink Bedder' (pink/white) * ' Hidcote Pink' * ' Margery Fish' (purple/blue) * 'Maurice Gibbs' (purple-red/white) * 'Osprey' (pink/white) * ''P. hartwegii'' (scarlet) * ''P. isophyllus'' (pale pink) * ''P. pinifolius'' 'Wisley Flame' (orange-red) * ''P. rupicola'' (pink) * 'Port Wine' (deep red/white) * 'Raven' (purple/white) * 'Rich Ruby' * 'Roy Davidson' (pink/white) * 'Rubicundus' (red/white) * 'Schoenholzeri' (red) * 'Sour Grapes' (purple/blue) * 'Stapleford Gem' (purple/blue) Others include 'Dark Towers', developed by Dale Lindgren at the

University of Nebraska A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United State ...

Species

* '' Penstemon abietinus'' Pennell – Firleaf beardtongue * '' Penstemon absarokensis'' Evert – Absaroka Range beardtongue * '' Penstemon acaulis'' L.O. Williams – Stemless beardtongue * '' Penstemon acuminatus'' Dougl. ex Lindl. – Sharpleaf penstemon * '' Penstemon alamosensis'' Pennell & Nisbet – Los Alamos beardtongue * ''

Penstemon albertinus ''Penstemon'' , the beardtongues, is a large genus of roughly 250 species of flowering plants native mostly to the Nearctic realm, Nearctic, but with a few species also found in the North American portion of the Neotropical realm, Neotropics. I ...

'' Greene – Alberta beardtongue * '' Penstemon albidus'' Nutt. – White penstemon * '' Penstemon albomarginalis'' M. E. Jones * '' Penstemon albomarginatus'' M.E. Jones – White margin penstemon, whitemargin beardtongue, whitemargin penstemon * '' Penstemon alluviorum'' Pennell – lowland beardtongue * '' Penstemon ambiguus'' Torr. – bush penstemon, gilia beardtongue, gilia penstemon * '' Penstemon ammophilus'' N. Holmgren & L. Shultz – sandloving penstemon * '' Penstemon anguineus'' Eastw. – Siskiyou beardtongue * '' Penstemon angustifolius'' Nutt. ex Pursh – broad-beard beardtongue, broadbeard beardtongue, narrowleaf penstemon * '' Penstemon arenarius'' Greene – Nevada sanddune beardtongue, sanddune penstemon * '' Penstemon arenicola'' A. Nels. – sand penstemon * '' Penstemon aridus'' Rydb. – stiffleaf penstemon * '' Penstemon arkansanus'' Pennell – Arkansas beardtongue * ''

Penstemon attenuatus ''Penstemon attenuatus'' is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family known by the common names sulphur penstemon and taperleaf beardtongue. It is native to the northwestern United States.Penstemon atwoodii'' Welsh – Kaiparowits beardtongue * '' Penstemon auriberbis'' Pennell – Colorado beardtongue * '' Penstemon australis'' Small – Eustis Lake beardtongue * '' Penstemon azureus'' Benth. – azure penstemon * '' Penstemon baccharifolius'' Hook. – baccharisleaf beardtongue Francis Whittier Pennell * '' Penstemon barbatus'' (Cav.) Roth – Golden-beard Penstemon or Beardlip penstemon * '' Penstemon barnebyi'' N. Holmgren – Barneby's penstemon, White River Valley beardtongue * '' Penstemon barrettiae'' Gray – Barrett's beardtongue * '' Penstemon bicolor'' (Brandeg.) Clokey & Keck – pinto beardtongue, pinto penstemon * '' Penstemon bracteatus'' Keck – Red Canyon beardtongue * '' Penstemon breviculus'' (Keck) Nisbet & R.C. Jackson – shortstem beardtongue, shortstem penstemon * '' Penstemon brevisepalus'' Pennell – short-sepaled beardtongue * '' Penstemon bryantiae'' Keck – Bryant's beardtongue * '' Penstemon buckleyi'' Pennell – buckley penstemon, Buckley's beardtongue * '' Penstemon caesius'' Gray – San Bernardino beardtongue * '' Penstemon caespitosus'' Nutt. ex Gray – mat penstemon * '' Penstemon calcareus'' Brandeg. – limestone beardtongue * '' Penstemon californicus'' (Munz & Johnston) Keck – California penstemon * '' Penstemon calycosus'' Small – longsepal beardtongue * '' Penstemon campanulatus'' (Cav.) Willd. – bellflower beardtongue * '' Penstemon canescens'' (Britt.) Britt. – eastern gray beardtongue * '' Penstemon cardinalis'' Woot. & Standl. – cardinal beardtongue * '' Penstemon cardwellii'' T.J. Howell – Cardwell's beardtongue * '' Penstemon carnosus'' Pennell – fleshy beardtongue * '' Penstemon caryi'' Pennell – Cary's beardtongue * '' Penstemon cedrosensis'' * '' Penstemon centranthifolius'' Benth. – scarlet bugler * '' Penstemon cinicola'' Keck – ash penstemon * '' Penstemon cleavelandii'' Gray * '' Penstemon clevelandii'' Gray – Cleveland's beardtongue * '' Penstemon clutei'' A. Nels. – Sunset Crater beardtongue, Sunset Crater penstemon * '' Penstemon cobaea'' Nutt. – cobaea beardtongue, Cobaea penstemon * '' Penstemon comarrhenus'' Gray – dusty beardtongue, dusty penstemon * '' Penstemon compactus'' (Keck) Crosswhite – compact penstemon * '' Penstemon concinnus'' Keck – Tunnel Springs beardtongue, Tunnel Springs penstemon * '' Penstemon confertus'' Dougl. ex Lindl. – yellow penstemon * '' Penstemon confusus'' M.E. Jones – Owens Valley beardtongue, Owens Valley penstemon * '' Penstemon crandallii'' A. Nels. – Crandall's beardtongue * '' Penstemon crideri'' A. Nels. (pro sp.) – Crider penstemon, Crider's penstemon * '' Penstemon cusickii'' Gray – Cusick's beardtongue * ''

Penstemon cyananthus ''Penstemon'' , the beardtongues, is a large genus of roughly 250 species of flowering plants native mostly to the Nearctic realm, Nearctic, but with a few species also found in the North American portion of the Neotropical realm, Neotropics. I ...

'' Hook. – Wasatch beardtongue * '' Penstemon cyaneus'' Pennell – blue penstemon * '' Penstemon cyanocaulis'' Payson – bluestem beardtongue * '' Penstemon cyathophorus'' Rydb. – Northpark penstemon, sagebrush beardtongue * '' Penstemon dasyphyllus'' Gray – Cochise beardtongue, purple penstemon * '' Penstemon davidsonii'' Greene – Davidson's penstemon, timberline penstemon ** ''Penstemon davidsonii'' var. ''davidsonii'' – Davidson's penstemon ** ''Penstemon davidsonii'' var. ''menziesii'' – Menzies' penstemon ** ''Penstemon davidsonii'' var. ''praeteritus'' – timberline penstemon * ''

Penstemon deamii ''Penstemon'' , the beardtongues, is a large genus of roughly 250 species of flowering plants native mostly to the Nearctic realm, Nearctic, but with a few species also found in the North American portion of the Neotropical realm, Neotropics. I ...

'' Pennell – Deam's beardtongue * '' Penstemon deaveri'' Crosswhite – Mt. Graham beardtongue * '' Penstemon debilis'' O'Kane & J. Anderson – Parachute beardtongue * '' Penstemon degeneri'' Crosswhite – Degener's beardtongue * '' Penstemon deustus'' Dougl. ex Lindl. – scabland penstemon * ''

Penstemon digitalis ''Penstemon digitalis'' (known by the common names foxglove beard-tongue,Dickinson, T.; Metsger, D.; Bull, J.; & Dickinson, R. (2004). ''ROM Field Guide to Wildflowers of Ontario.'' Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum, p. 332. foxglove beardtongue, ta ...

'' Nutt. ex Sims – talus slope penstemon, foxglove beardtongue * '' Penstemon diphyllus'' Rydb. – twoleaf beardtongue * '' Penstemon discolor'' Keck – Catalina beardtongue * '' Penstemon dissectus'' Ell. – dissected beardtongue * '' Penstemon distans'' N. Holmgren – Mt. Tumbull beardtongue * '' Penstemon dolius'' M.E. Jones ex Pennell – Jones's penstemon, Jones' beardtongue * '' Penstemon dubius'' A. Davids. (pro sp.) – dubius penstemon * '' Penstemon eatonii'' Gray – Eaton penstemon, Eaton's penstemon, firecracker penstemon * ''

Penstemon elegantulus ''Penstemon'' , the beardtongues, is a large genus of roughly 250 species of flowering plants native mostly to the Nearctic, but with a few species also found in the North American portion of the Neotropics. It is the largest genus of flowering ...

'' Pennell – rockvine penstemon * '' Penstemon ellipticus'' Coult. & Fisher – rocky ledge penstemon * '' Penstemon eriantherus'' Pursh – fuzzytongue penstemon * '' Penstemon euglaucus'' English – glaucous beardtongue * '' Penstemon eximius'' Keck – unusual beardtongue * '' Penstemon fendleri'' Torr. & Gray – fendler penstemon, Fendler's beardtongue, Fendler's penstemon * '' Penstemon filiformis'' (Keck) – Keck threadleaf beardtongue * '' Penstemon flavescens'' Pennell – high mountain penstemon * '' Penstemon floribundus'' D. Danley – Cordillia's beardtongue, Cordillia's penstemon * '' Penstemon floridus'' Brandeg. – Panamint beardtongue, Panamint penstemon * ''

Penstemon flowersii ''Penstemon'' , the beardtongues, is a large genus of roughly 250 species of flowering plants native mostly to the Nearctic, but with a few species also found in the North American portion of the Neotropics. It is the largest genus of flowering ...

'' Neese & Welsh – Flowers' beardtongue * ''

Penstemon franklinii ''Penstemon franklinii'', or Franklin's penstemon, is a plant species endemic to Utah, United States, known only from Cedar Valley in Iron County. It grows in grasslands and in sagebrush communities. ''Penstemon franklinii'' is a perennial ...

'' Welsh – Franklin's penstemon * '' Penstemon fremontii'' Torr. & Gray ex Gray – Fremont penstemon, Fremont's beardtongue * '' Penstemon fruticiformis'' Coville – Death Valley beardtongue, Death Valley penstemon * '' Penstemon fruticosus'' (Pursh) – Greene bush penstemon * '' Penstemon gairdneri'' Hook. – Gairdner's beardtongue * '' Penstemon gibbensii'' Dorn – Gibbens' beardtongue * '' Penstemon glaber'' Pursh – sawsepal penstemon, western smooth beardtongue * '' Penstemon glandulosus'' Dougl. – stickystem penstemon * '' Penstemon glaucinus'' Pennell – blueleaf beardtongue * '' Penstemon globosus'' (Piper) Pennell & Keck – globe penstemon * '' Penstemon goodrichii'' N. Holmgren – Lapoint beardtongue * '' Penstemon gormanii'' Greene – Gorman's beardtongue * ''

Penstemon gracilentus ''Penstemon gracilentus'' is a species of penstemon known by the common names slender beardtongue and slender penstemon. It is native to the mountains and sagebrush plateau of northeastern California, western Nevada, and southern Oregon, where it ...

'' Gray – slender penstemon * '' Penstemon gracilis'' Nutt. – lilac penstemon, slender penstemon * '' Penstemon grahamii'' Keck – Uinta Basin beardtongue * '' Penstemon grandiflorus'' Nutt. – large beardtongue, largeflowered penstemon * '' Penstemon griffinii'' A. Nels. – Griffin's beardtongue * '' Penstemon grinnellii'' Eastw. – Grinnell's beardtongue * '' Penstemon guadalupensis'' Heller – Guadalupe beardtongue * '' Penstemon hallii'' Gray – Hall's beardtongue * '' Penstemon harbourii'' Gray – Harbour's beardtongue * '' Penstemon harringtoni'' Penl. * '' Penstemon harringtonii'' Penl. – Harrington's beardtongue * '' Penstemon hartwegii'' Benth. – Hartweg's beardtongue * '' Penstemon harvardii'' Gray * '' Penstemon havardii'' Gray – Big Bend beardtongue * '' Penstemon haydenii'' S. Wats. – blowout beardtongue, blowout penstemon * '' Penstemon heterodoxus'' Gray – Sierra beardtongue, Sierra penstemon * '' Penstemon heterophyllus'' Lindl. – bunchleaf penstemon * '' Penstemon hirsutus'' (L.) Willd. – hairy beardtongue * '' Penstemon humilis'' Nutt. ex Gray – low beardtongue, low penstemon * '' Penstemon idahoensis'' Atwood & Welsh – Idaho beardtongue * '' Penstemon immanifestus'' N. Holmgren – Steptoe Valley beardtongue, Steptoe Valley penstemon * '' Penstemon incertus'' Brandeg. – Mojave beardtongue * ''

Penstemon inflatus ''Penstemon'' , the beardtongues, is a large genus of roughly 250 species of flowering plants native mostly to the Nearctic, but with a few species also found in the North American portion of the Neotropics. It is the largest genus of floweri ...

'' Crosswhite – inflated beardtongue * '' Penstemon jamesii'' Benth. – James penstemon, James' beardtongue * '' Penstemon janishiae'' N. Holmgren – Antelope Valley beardtongue, Janish's penstemon * '' Penstemon jonesi'' Pennell * '' Penstemon jonesii'' Pennell (pro sp.) – Jones' penstemon * '' Penstemon kingii'' S. Wats. – King's beardtongue, King's penstemon * '' Penstemon labrosus'' (Gray) Hook. f. – San Gabriel beardtongue * '' Penstemon laetus'' Gray – mountain blue penstemon * '' Penstemon laevigatus'' Ait. – eastern smooth beardtongue * '' Penstemon laevis'' Pennell – southwestern beardtongue, southwestern penstemon * '' Penstemon laricifolius'' Hook. & Arn. – larchleaf beardtongue * '' Penstemon laxiflorus'' Pennell – nodding beardtongue * '' Penstemon laxus'' A. Nels. – tufted penstemon * '' Penstemon leiophyllus'' Pennell – smoothleaf beardtongue, smoothleaf penstemon * '' Penstemon lemhiensis'' (Keck) Keck & Cronq. – Lemhi penstemon * '' Penstemon lentus'' Pennell – handsome beardtongue, handsome penstemon * '' Penstemon leonardii'' Rydb. – Leonard's beardtongue, Leonard's penstemon * '' Penstemon leptanthus'' Pennell – Sevier Plateau beardtongue * '' Penstemon linarioides'' Gray – creeping penstemon, toadflax penstemon * '' Penstemon longiflorus'' (Pennell) S.L. Clark – longflower penstemon * '' Penstemon lyallii'' (Gray) Gray – Lyall's beardtongue * '' Penstemon marcusii'' (Keck) N. Holmgren – Marcus' beardtongue * '' Penstemon mensarum'' Pennell – tiger beardtongue * '' Penstemon metcalfei'' – Metcalfe's beardtongue * '' Penstemon mirus'' A. Nels. (pro sp.) – bush penstemon, penstemon * '' Penstemon miser'' Gray – Malheur penstemon * '' Penstemon moffatii'' Eastw. – Moffatt's beardtongue * '' Penstemon monoensis'' Heller – Mono penstemon * ''

Penstemon montanus ''Penstemon'' , the beardtongues, is a large genus of roughly 250 species of flowering plants native mostly to the Nearctic realm, Nearctic, but with a few species also found in the North American portion of the Neotropical realm, Neotropics. I ...

'' Greene – cordroot beardtongue * '' Penstemon moriahensis'' N. Holmgren – Mount Moriah penstemon, Mt. Moriah beardtongue * '' Penstemon multiflorus'' Chapman ex Benth. – manyflower beardtongue * '' Penstemon murcronatus'' N. Holmgr. * '' Penstemon murrayanus'' Hook. – scarlet beardtongue * '' Penstemon nanus'' Keck – dwarf beardtongue * '' Penstemon navajoa'' N. Holmgren – Navajo Mountain beardtongue * '' Penstemon neomexicanus'' Woot. & Standl. – New Mexico beardtongue * '' Penstemon neotericus'' Keck – Plumas County beardtongue Mountain Pride, Penstemon newberryi, YOSEMITE

Mountain Pride, Penstemon newberryi, YOSEMITE

* '' Penstemon newberryi'' Gray – mountain pride, pride-of-the-mountains * '' Penstemon nitidus'' Dougl. ex Benth. – waxleaf penstemon * '' Penstemon nudiflorus'' Gray – Flagstaff beardtongue * '' Penstemon oklahomensis'' Pennell – Oklahoma beardtongue, Oklahoma penstemon * '' Penstemon oliganthus'' Woot. & Standl. – Apache beardtongue * '' Penstemon ophianthus'' Pennell – Arizona beardtongue, coiled anther penstemon * '' Penstemon osterhoutii'' Pennell – Osterhout's beardtongue * ''

Penstemon ovatus ''Penstemon'' , the beardtongues, is a large genus of roughly 250 species of flowering plants native mostly to the Nearctic realm, Nearctic, but with a few species also found in the North American portion of the Neotropical realm, Neotropics. I ...

'' Dougl. ex Hook. – eggleaf beardtongue * '' Penstemon pachyphyllus'' Gray ex Rydb. – thickleaf beardtongue, thickleaf penstemon * '' Penstemon pahutensis'' N. Holmgren – Pahute penstemon, Paiute beardtongue * '' Penstemon pallidus'' Small – pale beardtongue * ''

Penstemon palmeri ''Penstemon palmeri'', known by the common name Palmer's penstemon, is a species of perennial flowering plant in the genus ''Penstemon'' that is notable for its showy, rounded flowers, and for being one of the few scented penstemons. The plant, i ...

'' Gray – Palmer's penstemon, Palmer penstemon * '' Penstemon papillatus'' J.T. Howell – Inyo beardtongue * '' Penstemon parishii'' Gray (pro sp.) – Parish's penstemon * ''

Penstemon parryi ''Penstemon parryi'', the Parry's penstemon, Parry's beardtongue or desert penstemon, is a wildflower native to the Sonoran Desert of Southern Arizona and northern Mexico. It is a perennial that blooms in March and April. In the wild, plants fl ...

'' (Gray) – Gray Parry penstemon, Parry's beardtongue * '' Penstemon parviflorus'' Pennell – Montezuma County beardtongue * '' Penstemon parvus'' Pennell – Aquarius Plateau beardtongue * '' Penstemon patens'' (M.E. Jones) N. Holmgren – Lone Pine beardtongue, Lone Pine penstemon * '' Penstemon payettensis'' A. Nels. & J.F. Macbr. – Payette beardtongue * '' Penstemon paysoniorum'' Keck – Payson's beardtongue * '' Penstemon peckii'' Pennell – Peck's beardtongue * '' Penstemon peirsonii'' Munz & I.M. Johnston (pro sp.) – Peirson's penstemon * ''

Penstemon penlandii ''Penstemon penlandii'' is a rare species of flowering plant in the Plantaginaceae, plantain family known by the common names Penland penstemon and Penland's beardtongue. It is Endemism, endemic to Colorado in the United States, where it is known ...

'' W.A. Weber – penland beardtongue, Penland's beardtongue * '' Penstemon pennellianus'' Keck – Blue Mountain beardtongue * '' Penstemon perpulcher'' A. Nels. – Minidoka beardtongue * '' Penstemon personatus'' Keck – closethroat beardtongue * '' Penstemon petiolatus'' Brandeg. – lime penstemon, petiolate beardtongue * '' Penstemon pinifolius'' Greene – pineneedle beardtongue, pineneedle penstemon * '' Penstemon pinorum'' L.& J. Shultz – Pine Valley penstemon * '' Penstemon platyphyllus'' Rydb. – broadleaf beardtongue, broadleaf penstemon * '' Penstemon pratensis'' Greene western – whiteflower beardtongue, western whiteflower penstemon * '' Penstemon procerus'' Dougl. ex Graham – littleflower penstemon, pincushion beardtongue * '' Penstemon pruinosus'' Dougl. ex Lindl. – Chelan beardtongue * '' Penstemon pseudoparvus'' Crosswhite – Mt. Washington beardtongue, San Mateo penstemon * '' Penstemon pseudoputus'' (Crosswhite) N. Holmgren – Kaibab Plateau beardtongue * '' Penstemon pseudospectabilis'' M.E. Jones – desert penstemon * '' Penstemon pudicus'' Reveal & Beatley – bashful penstemon, Kawich Range beardtongue * ''

Penstemon pumilus ''Penstemon'' , the beardtongues, is a large genus of roughly 250 species of flowering plants native mostly to the Nearctic realm, Nearctic, but with a few species also found in the North American portion of the Neotropical realm, Neotropics. I ...

'' Nutt. – Salmon River beardtongue * '' Penstemon purpusii'' Brandeg. – Snow Mountain beardtongue * '' Penstemon putus'' A. Nels. – Black River beardtongue * '' Penstemon radicosus'' A. Nels. – matroot penstemon * '' Penstemon ramosus'' Crosswhite – lanceleaf beardtongue, lanceleaf penstemon * '' Penstemon rattanii'' Gray – Rattan's beardtongue * '' Penstemon retrorsus'' Payson ex Pennell – Adobe Hills beardtongue * '' Penstemon retrosus'' Payson ex Pennell * '' Penstemon rhizomatosus'' N. Holmgren * '' Penstemon richardsonii'' Dougl. ex Lindl. – cutleaf beardtongue * '' Penstemon roezlii'' Regel – Roezl's penstemon * ''

Penstemon rostriflorus ''Penstemon rostriflorus'' is a species of penstemon known by the common names beaked penstemon, Bridge penstemon, or Bridges' penstemon. It is native to the Southwestern United States and California, where it grows in many types of sagebrush, ...

'' Kellogg – beaked beardtongue, beakflower penstemon, Bridge penstemon * '' Penstemon rubicundus'' Keck – Wassuck penstemon, Wassuk Range beardtongue * '' Penstemon rupicola'' (Piper) T.J. Howell – cliff beardtongue * '' Penstemon rydbergii'' A. Nels. – meadow beardtongue, Rydberg penstemon, Rydberg's penstemon * '' Penstemon saxosorum'' Pennell – upland beardtongue * '' Penstemon scapoides'' Keck – pinyon beardtongue * '' Penstemon scariosus'' Pennell – White River beardtongue * '' Penstemon secundiflorus'' Benth. – sidebells penstemon * '' Penstemon seorsus'' (A. Nels.) Keck – shortlobe penstemon * '' Penstemon sepalulus'' A. Nels. – littlecup beardtongue * '' Penstemon serrulatus'' Menzies ex Sm. – serrulate penstemon * ''

Penstemon smallii ''Penstemon'' , the beardtongues, is a large genus of roughly 250 species of flowering plants native mostly to the Nearctic realm, Nearctic, but with a few species also found in the North American portion of the Neotropical realm, Neotropics. I ...

'' Heller – Small's beardtongue * '' Penstemon spatulatus'' Pennell – Wallowa beardtongue * '' Penstemon speciosus'' Dougl. ex Lindl. – prairie-clover, royal penstemon * '' Penstemon spectabilis'' Thurb. ex Gray – showy penstemon * '' Penstemon stenophyllus'' (Gray) T.J. Howell – Sonoran beardtongue * '' Penstemon stephensii'' Brandeg. – Stephens' penstemon * '' Penstemon strictiformis'' Rydb. – Mancos penstemon, stiff penstemon * '' Penstemon strictus'' Benth. – Rocky Mountain beardtongue, Rocky Mountain penstemon * ''

Penstemon subglaber ''Penstemon'' , the beardtongues, is a large genus of roughly 250 species of flowering plants native mostly to the Nearctic realm, Nearctic, but with a few species also found in the North American portion of the Neotropical realm, Neotropics. I ...

'' Rydb. – smooth penstemon * '' Penstemon subserratus'' Pennell – finetooth beardtongue * '' Penstemon subulatus'' M.E. Jones – hackberry beardtongue * '' Penstemon sudans'' M.E. Jones – Susanville beardtongue, Susanville penstemon * '' Penstemon superbus'' A. Nels. – superb beardtongue * '' Penstemon tenuiflorus'' Pennell – eastern whiteflower beardtongue * '' Penstemon tenuis'' Small – sharpsepal beardtongue * '' Penstemon teucrioides'' Greene – germander beardtongue * '' Penstemon thompsoniae'' (Gray) Rydb. – Thompson's penstemon, Thompson's beardtongue, Thompson penstemon * '' Penstemon thurberi'' Torr. – Thurber's penstemon, Thurber penstemon * '' Penstemon tidestromii'' Pennell – Tidestrom's beardtongue * '' Penstemon tiehmii'' N. Holmgren – Tiehm's beardtongue * '' Penstemon tracyi'' Keck – Trinity penstemon * '' Penstemon triflorus'' Heller – Heller's beardtongue * '' Penstemon triphyllus'' Dougl. ex Lindl. – Riggin's penstemon * '' Penstemon tubaeflorus'' Nutt. – white wand beardtongue * '' Penstemon tusharensis'' N. Holmgren – Tushar Range beardtongue * '' Penstemon uintahensis'' Pennell – Uinta Mountain beardtongue * '' Penstemon unilateralis'' Rydb. – oneside penstemon * '' Penstemon utahensis'' Eastw. – Utah penstemon * '' Penstemon venustus'' Dougl. ex Lindl. – Venus penstemon * '' Penstemon virens'' Pennell ex Rydb. – Front Range beardtongue * '' Penstemon virgatus'' Gray – upright blue beardtongue * '' Penstemon wardii'' Gray – Ward's beardtongue * '' Penstemon washingtonensis'' Keck – Washington beardtongue * '' Penstemon watsonii'' Gray – Watson's penstemon, Watson's beardtongue, Watson penstemon * '' Penstemon wendtiorum'' B.L.TurnerTurner, B. L. (2010)
Taxonomy of the ''Penstemon campanulatus'' complex (Scrophulariaceae) and description of a new species from its midst.
''Phytoneuron'' 31 1–5. * '' Penstemon whippleanus'' Gray – dark beardtongue, Whipple's penstemon * '' Penstemon wilcoxii'' Rydb. – Wilcox's penstemon * '' Penstemon wrightii'' Hook. – Wright's beardtongue * '' Penstemon yampaensis'' Penl. – Yampa beardtongue

References

External links

American Penstemon Society
{{Taxonbar, from=Q809265 Medicinal plants Plantaginaceae genera