The Penal system of Japan (including

prison A prison, also known as a jail, gaol (dated, standard English, Australian, and historically in Canada), penitentiary (American English and Canadian English), detention center (or detention centre outside the US), correction center, corre ...

s) is part of the criminal justice system of Japan. It is intended to resocialize,

reform Reform ( lat, reformo) means the improvement or amendment of what is wrong, corrupt, unsatisfactory, etc. The use of the word in this way emerges in the late 18th century and is believed to originate from Christopher Wyvill's Association movement ...

, rehabilitate and

punish Punishment, commonly, is the imposition of an undesirable or unpleasant outcome upon a group or individual, meted out by an authority—in contexts ranging from child discipline to criminal law—as a response and deterrent to a particular ac ...

offenders. The penal system is operated by the Correction Bureau of the

Ministry of Justice A Ministry of Justice is a common type of government department that serves as a justice ministry. Lists of current ministries of justice Named "Ministry" * Ministry of Justice (Abkhazia) * Ministry of Justice (Afghanistan) * Ministry of Just ...

Procedure

On confinement, prisoners are first classified according to

gender Gender is the range of characteristics pertaining to femininity and masculinity and differentiating between them. Depending on the context, this may include sex-based social structures (i.e. gender roles) and gender identity. Most cultures ...

nationality Nationality is a legal identification of a person in international law, establishing the person as a subject, a ''national'', of a sovereign state. It affords the state jurisdiction over the person and affords the person the protection of the ...

, type of

penalty Penalty or The Penalty may refer to: Sports * Penalty (golf) * Penalty (gridiron football) * Penalty (ice hockey) * Penalty (rugby) * Penalty (rugby union) * Penalty kick (association football) * Penalty shoot-out (association football) A p ...

, length of sentence, degree of

criminality In ordinary language, a crime is an unlawful act punishable by a state or other authority. The term ''crime'' does not, in modern criminal law, have any simple and universally accepted definition,Farmer, Lindsay: "Crime, definitions of", in Ca ...

, and state of physical and

mental health Mental health encompasses emotional, psychological, and social well-being, influencing cognition, perception, and behavior. It likewise determines how an individual handles stress, interpersonal relationships, and decision-making. Mental hea ...

. They are then placed in special programs designed to treat their individual needs.

Education

Prison education in Japan can be traced back to at least 1871, when

practical ethics ''Practical Ethics'', a 1979 book by the moral philosopher Peter Singer, is an introduction to applied ethics. The book has been translated into a number of languages. Summary Singer analyzes, in detail, why and how beings' interests should be ...

lectures were introduced into a prison in Tokyo. Reading and writing classes began being implemented into the prison system on a larger scale by 1881. By the late 1880s, it was believed that ethics classes were the most important form of education for prisoners, and by the 1890s, education was considered one of the most important issues of the prison system. Conferences, mostly attended by prison staff, were held in 1889 and 1892 to discuss ways to improve education within the prison system. There was no unanimous agreement on the best way to implement moral education for prisoners, and different institutions began running their own individual programs. In 1910, prison law in Japan ordered education be given to all juvenile inmates, and to any adult inmate deemed to have a need. Regulations stipulated two to four hours per day be set aside for education. In 1952, correspondence courses were introduced into all prisons, and in 1955, a high school was established at Matsumoto juvenile prison for juvenile inmates who had not completed their compulsory education. As of 2018, male prisoners nationwide can still be transferred on request to the school. There were six graduates in 2002, and three in 2018.

Administration

The Correctional Bureau of the

administers the adult

prison system A prison, also known as a jail, gaol (dated, standard English, Australian, and historically in Canada), penitentiary (American English and Canadian English), detention center (or detention centre outside the US), correction center, correcti ...

as well as the juvenile correctional system and three women's guidance homes (to rehabilitate sex workers). The ministry's Rehabilitation Bureau operates the

probation Probation in criminal law is a period of supervision over an offender, ordered by the court often in lieu of incarceration. In some jurisdictions, the term ''probation'' applies only to community sentences (alternatives to incarceration), such ...

and

parole Parole (also known as provisional release or supervised release) is a form of early release of a prison inmate where the prisoner agrees to abide by certain behavioral conditions, including checking-in with their designated parole officers, or ...

systems. Prison personnel are trained at an institute in Tokyo and in branch training institutes in each of the eight regional correctional headquarters under the Correctional Bureau. Professional probation officers study at the Legal Training and Research Institute of the Ministry. The prison guards in Japan do not carry firearms but can activate an alarm where specialized armed guards will come. There can be as low as one prison guard supervising 40 inmates while they are working.

Prison population

In 1990, Japan's prison

population Population typically refers to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, continent, or the world. Governments typically quantify the size of the resident population within their jurisdiction using a ...

stood at somewhat less than 47,000; nearly 7,000 were in short-term detention centers, and the remaining 40,000 were in prisons. Approximately 46% were repeat offenders. Japanese recidivism was attributed mainly to the discretionary powers of police, prosecutors, and courts and to the tendency to seek alternative sentences for first offenders. By 2001, the overall prison population rose to 61,242 or 48 prisoners per 100,000. By of the end of 2009, the prison population had yet again risen to 75,250, or 59 prisoners per 100,000. One reason for the rise is a large increase in the number of elderly being convicted of crimes, with loneliness being cited as a major factor. In 2016, there were 18,462 male prison inmates and 2,005 female prison inmates.

Juvenile offenders

Although a few juvenile offenders are handled under the general penal system, most are treated in separate juvenile training schools. More lenient than the penal institutions, these facilities provide correctional education and regular schooling for delinquents under the age of twenty. More adults are in prison than child delinquents, mainly because of the low crime rate. In Japan, juvenile prisoners are defined as people less than 20 years of age. All juvenile cases are first sent to a family court, where the judge may decide that the juvenile be tried by the ordinary court (as an adult). Juveniles not tried by an ordinary court are detained in juvenile training schools (typical juvenile correctional institutions); these prisoners represented 2,872 at the end of 2014. The 52 Juvenile institutions are under the responsibility of the prison administration. Minors under 18 years of age cannot be sentenced to the death penalty. Juvenile prisoners make up 4.5% of the prison population.

Aftercare treatment

According to the Ministry of Justice, the government's responsibility for social order does not end with imprisoning an offender, but also extends to aftercare treatment and to noninstitutional treatment to substitute for or supplement prison terms. A large number of those given suspended sentences are released to the supervision of

volunteer Volunteering is a voluntary act of an individual or group freely giving time and labor for community service. Many volunteers are specifically trained in the areas they work, such as medicine, education, or emergency rescue. Others serve ...

officers under the guidance of professional probation officers. Adults are usually placed on

for a fixed period, and juveniles are placed on probation until they reach the age of twenty.

Foreign inmates

The number of crimes committed by foreigners significantly decreased in recent years from 43,622 in 2005 to 15,276 in 2016. Most common offenses committed by foreigners were theft (60% of their Penal Code offenses), immigration violations (66% of non-Penal code offenses), and drug offenses in 2016. The number of convicted foreign prisoners was 3,509 in 2016. Yet, most of them were given suspended sentences and only 744 were imprisoned in the same year. The largest group was thieves (122 people) and the second largest was drug offenders (96 people).

Use of volunteers

Volunteers are also used in supervising parolees, although professional probation officers generally supervise offenders considered to have a high risk of recidivism. Volunteers hail from all walks of life and handle no more than five cases at one time. They are responsible for overseeing the offenders' conduct to prevent the occurrence of further offenses. Volunteer probation officers also offer guidance and assistance to the ex-convict in assuming a law-abiding place in the community. Although volunteers are sometimes criticized for being too old compared with their charges (more than 70 percent are retired and are age fifty-five or over) and thus unable to understand the problems their charges faced, most authorities believe that the volunteers are critically important in the nation's criminal justice system.

Claims of inmate rights abuses

Amnesty International has cited Japan for abuse of inmates by guards for infractions of prison rules. This abuse is in the form of beatings, solitary confinement, overcrowding, or "minor solitary confinement" (''keiheikin''), which forces inmates to be interned in tiny cells kneeling or crossed legged, and restrained with handcuffs for prolonged periods of time. In 2003, Justice Ministry formed a special team to investigate 1,566 prisoner deaths from 1993 to 2002. A preliminary report suggested that nearly one-third of the cases involved suspicious circumstances. However, in June, the Ministry announced that there was evidence of abuse only in the two Nagoya fatalities. Regarding the other suspicious deaths, the Ministry said that approximately 10 deaths could be attributed to poor medical care. The authorities reported they had lost the documentation on nine deaths in Tokyo's Fuchu Prison. The remaining deaths were determined to be "not suspicious." In the wake of prison abuses, the "Law Concerning Penal Institutions and the Treatment of Sentenced Inmates" came into effect on June 7, 2007, to reform treatment on prisoners,http://www.nichibenren.or.jp/en/legalinfo/arrest/prison_inmates.html such as "the expansion of prisoners' contacts with the outside world, the establishment of independent committees to inspect prisons, and the improvement of the complaints mechanisms." However, the Japan Federation of Bar Associations (JFBA) expressed concerns in 2010 about revalidating unlimited solitary confinements (along with newer types of handcuffs for such inmates), not providing medical care for inmates under the jurisdiction of the

Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare The is a cabinet level ministry of the Japanese government. It is commonly known as in Japan. The ministry provides services on health, labour and welfare. It was formed with the merger of the former Ministry of Health and Welfare or and the ...

, and mental and physical effects of confinement for death row inmates. In the article "'Prison Libraries' in Japan: The Current Situation of Access to Books and Reading in Correctional Institutions" Kenichi Nakane talks about another form of prisoner neglect/abuse. Nakane's article finds that there is a severe lack of reading materials available to people who are incarcerated in Japanese correctional facilities. The author Kenichi Nakane uses the term "Prison Library" because there are no professionally run libraries inside of any of the correctional facilities. Nakane finds that incarcerated persons can only get books, newspapers, and magazines by buying them and/or getting them as gifts. Nakane found that occasionally a limited number of reading materials are supplied, but they are out dated and inadequate. Nakane also finds the lack of reading material and availability of information in these incarceration facilities to be hindering some of the rights of the incarcerated individuals. To further investigate this problem, Kenichi Nakane traveled to twenty-six prisons in America and seven prisons in the United Kingdom and found that the availability of books, and information to incarcerated individuals in Japan was very limited compared to US and UK prisons.

Penal institutions

Japanese "penal institutions" include prisons for sentenced adults, juvenile detention centers for sentenced juveniles, and detention houses for pre-trial inmates. In Japan, there are 62 prisons, 7 juvenile prisons, 52 juvenile classification homes, 52 juvenile training schools, 10 Detention Houses, 8 regional parole boards, and 50 probation offices.

Prisons

Different types of prisoners are sent to different prisons. For example, the Fuchu Prison (Tokyo) and Yokohama Prison (Kanagawa) receive inmates that have advanced criminal inclination with sentences shorter than 10 years, e.g. prisoners affiliated with crime organizations. The Chiba Prison received inmates without advanced criminal inclination and who do not have sentences longer than 10 years, e.g. murder without the possibility of repeating a crime again. Ichihara Prison (Chiba) is specialized for traffic offenders, e.g. repetitive offenders and those who killed others while driving.

Sapporo Correctional Precinct

* Sapporo Prison 札幌刑務所 -

Higashi-ku, Sapporo is one of the 10 wards in Sapporo, Hokkaidō, Japan. It is directly translated as "east ward", and is neighboured to Kita-ku, Sapporo, Kita-ku, Chūō-ku, Sapporo, Chūō-ku, Shiroishi-ku, Sapporo, Shiroishi-ku, Ebetsu, Hokkaidō, Ebetsu, Tōbet ...

Sapporo Prison Sapporo Branch ( ain, サッ・ポロ・ペッ, Satporopet, lit=Dry, Great River) is a city in Japan. It is the largest city north of Tokyo and the largest city on Hokkaido, the northernmost main island of the country. It ranks as the List of cities in Japan, ...

札幌刑務所札幌刑務支所 - Higashi-ku, Sapporo * Asahikawa Prison 旭川刑務所 -

Asahikawa, Hokkaidō is a city in Kamikawa Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. It is the capital of the subprefecture, and the second-largest city in Hokkaido, after Sapporo. It has been a core city since April 1, 2000. The city is currently well known for the Asah ...

* Obihiro Prison 帯広刑務所 -

Obihiro, Hokkaidō is a city in Tokachi Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. Obihiro is the only designated city in the Tokachi area. As of February 29, 2020, the city has an estimated population of 165,851. The next most populous municipality in Tokachi is the adj ...

** Obihiro Prison Kushiro Branch 帯広刑務所釧路刑務支所 -

Kushiro, Hokkaidō is a city in Kushiro Subprefecture on the island of Hokkaido, Japan. It serves as the subprefecture's capital and it is the most populated city in the eastern part of the island. Geography Mountains * Mount Oakan * Mount Meakan * Mount Aka ...

Abashiri Prison is a prison in Abashiri, Hokkaido Prefecture that opened in 1890. The northernmost prison in Japan, it is located near the Abashiri River and east of Mount Tento. It holds inmates with sentences of less than ten years. Older parts of the prison ...

網走刑務所 - Abashiri, Hokkaidō (with ) * Tsukigata Prison 月形刑務所 -

Tsukigata, Hokkaidō is a List of towns in Japan, town located in Sorachi Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. As of September 2016, the town has an estimated population of 3,429. The total area is 151.05 km2. History The town's name originates from the first wa ...

Hakodate Juvenile Prison is a city and port located in Oshima Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. It is the capital city of Oshima Subprefecture. As of July 31, 2011, the city has an estimated population of 279,851 with 143,221 households, and a population density of 412.83 ...

函館少年刑務所 -

Hakodate, Hokkaidō is a city and port located in Oshima Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. It is the capital city of Oshima Subprefecture. As of July 31, 2011, the city has an estimated population of 279,851 with 143,221 households, and a population density of 412.83 ...

Sendai Correctional Precinct

* Aomori Prison 青森刑務所 -

Aomori, Aomori is the capital city of Aomori Prefecture, in the Tōhoku region of Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 278,964 in 136,457 households, and a population density of 340 people per square kilometer spread over the city's total are ...

* Miyagi Prison 宮城刑務所 -

Wakabayashi-ku, Sendai is the eastern ward of the city Sendai, in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. , the ward had a population of 138,102 and a population density of 2715 persons per km² in 63583 households. The total area of the ward was . Geography Wakabayashi-ku is l ...

Akita Prison is a Japanese name and may refer to: Places * 8182 Akita, a main-belt asteroid * Akita Castle, a Nara period fortified settlement in Akita, Japan * Akita Domain, also known as Kubota Domain, feudal domain in Edo period Japan * Akita, Kumamoto, ...

秋田刑務所 -

Akita City 'Autumn field' is the capital city of Akita Prefecture, Japan, and has been designated a core city since 1 April 1997. , the city has an estimated population of 305,625, 136,628 households and a population density of 340 persons per km2. The to ...

* Yamagata Prison 山形刑務所 -

Yamagata, Yamagata is the capital city of Yamagata Prefecture located in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 248,772 in 103,165 households, and a population density of 650 persons per km2. The total area of the city i ...

Fukushima Prison may refer to: Japan * Fukushima Prefecture, Japanese prefecture **Fukushima, Fukushima, capital city of Fukushima Prefecture, Japan *** Fukushima University, national university in Japan ***Fukushima Station (Fukushima) in Fukushima, Fukushima ...

福島刑務所 - Fukushima, Fukushima ** Fukushima Prison Fukushima Branch 福島刑務所福島刑務支所 - Morioka, Iwate * Morioka Juvenile Prison 盛岡少年刑務所 -

Morioka, Iwate is the capital city of Iwate Prefecture located in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan. On 1 February 2021, the city had an estimated population of 290,700 in 132,719 households, and a population density of . The total area of the city is . G ...

Tokyo Correctional Precinct

* Mito Prison 水戸刑務所 -

Hitachinaka, Ibaraki 250px, Hitachinaka city hall is a city located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 154,663 in 64,900 households and a population density of 1547 persons per km2. The percentage of the population aged over 65 ...

* Tochigi Prison 栃木刑務所 -

Tochigi, Tochigi is a city located in Tochigi Prefecture, in the northern Kantō region of Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 159,056 in 66,018 households, and a population density of 480 persons per km². The total area of the city is . Because t ...

* Kurobane Prison 黒羽刑務所 - Ōtawara, Tochigi *

Maebashi Prison is the capital city of Gunma Prefecture, in the northern Kantō region of Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 335,352 in 151,171 households, and a population density of 1100 persons per km2. The total area of the city is . It wa ...

前橋刑務所 -

Maebashi, Gunma is the capital city of Gunma Prefecture, in the northern Kantō region of Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 335,352 in 151,171 households, and a population density of 1100 persons per km2. The total area of the city is . It ...

Chiba Prison Chiba may refer to: Places China * (), town in Jianli County, Jingzhou, Hubei Japan * Chiba (city), capital of Chiba Prefecture ** Chiba Station, a train station * Chiba Prefecture, a sub-national jurisdiction in the Greater Tokyo Area on t ...

千葉刑務所 -

Wakaba-ku, Chiba is one of the six wards of the city of Chiba in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of April 2012, the ward had an estimated population of 151,593 and a population density of 1,800 persons per km². The total area was 84.21 km², making it the l ...

Ichihara Prison Ichihara may refer to: * Ichihara (surname), a Japanese surname * Ichihara, Chiba, a city in Japan ** JEF United Ichihara Chiba , full name and also known as , is a Japanese professional football club that plays in the J2 League. On 1 Februar ...

市原刑務所 -

Ichihara, Chiba is a city, located in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 274,117 in 128,316 households and a population density of 240 persons per km². The total area of the city is . The city is home, together with the city of ...

* Fuchu Prison 府中刑務所 -

Fuchū, Tokyo 260px, Fuchū City Hall is a city located in western Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. Fuchū serves as a regional commercial center and a commuter town for workers in central Tokyo. The city hosts large scale manufacturing facilities for Toshiba, NEC ...

* Yokohama Prison 横浜刑務所 - Kōnan-ku, Yokohama **

Yokohama Prison Yokosuka Branch is the second-largest city in Japan by population and the most populous municipality of Japan. It is the capital city and the most populous city in Kanagawa Prefecture, with a 2020 population of 3.8 million. It lies on Tokyo Bay, south of To ...

横浜刑務所横須賀刑務支所 -

Yokosuka, Kanagawa is a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. , the city has a population of 409,478, and a population density of . The total area is . Yokosuka is the 11th most populous city in the Greater Tokyo Area, and the 12th in the Kantō region. The city ...

Niigata Prison may refer to: * Niigata Prefecture, Japan **Niigata (city), the capital of the prefecture * Albirex Niigata, the city's professional football club * Niigata Transys, a Japanese railway vehicle manufacturer * Niigata Stadium, an athletic stadium in ...

新潟刑務所 -

Kōnan-ku, Niigata is one of the eight wards of Niigata City, Niigata Prefecture, in the Hokuriku region of Japan. , the ward had an estimated population of 68,413 in 27,027 households and a population density of 913 persons per km². The total area of the ward ...

* Kofu Prison 甲府刑務所 - Kōfu, Yamanashi * Nagano Prison 長野刑務所 - Suzaka, Nagano *

Shizuoka Prison Shizuoka can refer to: * Shizuoka Prefecture, a Japanese prefecture * Shizuoka (city), the capital city of Shizuoka Prefecture * Shizuoka Airport * Shizuoka Domain, the name from 1868 to 1871 for Sunpu Domain, a predecessor of Shizuoka Prefecture ...

静岡刑務所 -

Aoi-ku, Shizuoka is one of three wards of the city of Shizuoka in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, located in the northern part of the city. Aoi-ku borders Suruga-ku in the south and Shimizu-ku to the southeast; the west faces Shimada, Fujieda and Kawanehon a ...

Kawagoe Juvenile Prison Kawagoe may refer to: Places *Kawagoe, Saitama, a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan *Kawagoe, Mie, a town in Mie Prefecture, Japan *Kawagoe Domain Kawagoe Castle daimyō residence, administrative headquarters of Kawagoe Domain was a feudal doma ...

川越少年刑務所 -

Kawagoe, Saitama is a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 353,214 in 162,210 households and a population density of 3200 persons per km². The total area of the city is . The city is known locally as after the old name fo ...

* Matsumoto Juvenile Prison 松本少年刑務所 -

Matsumoto, Nagano is a city located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. Matsumoto is designated as a core city since 1 April 2021. , the city had a population of 239,466 in 105,207 households and a population density of 240 persons per km2. The total area of the city ...

Nagoya Correctional Precinct

Toyama Prison Toyama may refer to: Places and organizations * Toyama Prefecture, a prefecture of Japan located in the Hokuriku region on the main Honshu island * Toyama, Toyama, the capital city of Toyama Prefecture * Toyama Station, the main station of Toyama, ...

富山刑務所 - Toyama City *

Kanazawa Prison is the capital city of Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 466,029 in 203,271 households, and a population density of 990 persons per km2. The total area of the city was . Overview Cityscape File:もてな� ...

金沢刑務所 - Kanazawa, Ishikawa * Fukui Prison 福井刑務所 -

Fukui, Fukui is the capital city of Fukui Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 264,217, and a population density of 69.2 persons per km2, in 102,935 households. Its total area is . Most of the population lives in a small central area; ...

* Gifu Prison 岐阜刑務所 -

Gifu, Gifu is a city located in the south-central portion of Gifu Prefecture, Japan, and serves as the prefectural capital. The city has played an important role in Japan's history because of its location in the middle of the country. During the Sengoku p ...

* Kasamatsu Prison 笠松刑務所 -

Kasamatsu, Gifu is a town located in Hashima District, Gifu, Japan. , the town had an estimated population of 22,273 and a population density of 2200 persons per km2, in 8944 households. The total area of the town was . Geography Kasamatsu is located in the ...

* Nagoya Prison 名古屋刑務所 -

Miyoshi, Aichi is a city located in central Aichi Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 62,782 in 24,260 households, and a population density of 1,950 persons per km2. The total area of the city was . Geography Miysohi is situated in ce ...

Nagoya Prison Toyohashi Branch is the largest city in the Chūbu region, the fourth-most populous city and third most populous urban area in Japan, with a population of 2.3million in 2020. Located on the Pacific coast in central Honshu, it is the capital and the most popu ...

名古屋刑務所豊橋刑務支所 -

Toyohashi, Aichi is a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 377,453 in 160,516 households and a population density of 1,400 persons per km2. The total area of the city was . By area, Toyohashi was Aichi Prefecture's second-lar ...

Mie Prison Mie may refer to: Places * Mie, Ōita (), a former town in Ōita Prefecture, Japan * Mie District, Mie (), a district in Mie Prefecture, Japan * Mie Prefecture (), a prefecture of Japan * Mie University (), a national university in Tsu, Mie Prefec ...

三重刑務所 -

Tsu, Mie is a city located in Mie Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 274,879 in 127,273 households and a population density of 390 persons per km². The total area of the city is . Although the second largest city in the p ...

Osaka Correctional Precinct

* Shiga Prison 滋賀刑務所 - Ōtsu, Shiga * Kyoto Prison 京都刑務所 -

Yamashina-ku, Kyoto is one of the eleven wards in the city of Kyoto, in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. It lies in the southeastern part of the city, and Yamashina Station is one stop away from Kyoto Station on the Tōkaidō Main Line (Biwako Line). The area of Yamash ...

* Osaka Prison 大阪刑務所 -

Sakai-ku, Sakai is a ward of the city of Sakai in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. The ward has an area of 23.69 km² and a population of 147,413. The population density is 6,223 per square kilometer.

Kobe Prison Kobe ( , ; officially , ) is the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture Japan. With a population around 1.5 million, Kobe is Japan's seventh-largest city and the third-largest port city after Tokyo and Yokohama. It is located in Kansai region, which ...

神戸刑務所 -

Akashi, Hyōgo 260px, Akashi City Hall 260px, Akashi fromAkashi Castle is a city in southern Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 304,274 in 135,323 households and a population density of 6,200 people per km². The total area ...

* Kakogawa Prison 加古川刑務所 -

Kakogawa, Hyōgo 260px, Kakogawa City Hall 260px, Kobe Steel Kakogawa Works is a city located in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 258,497 in 108,688 households and a population density of 1,900 persons per km². The total are ...

* Wakayama Prison 和歌山刑務所 -

Wakayama, Wakayama Wakayama City Hall is the capital city of Wakayama Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 351,391 in 157066 households and a population density of 1700 persons per km². The total area of the city is ...

* Himeji Prison 姫路少年刑務所 -

Himeji, Hyōgo 260px, Himeji City Hall is a city located in Hyōgo Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 525,682 in 227,099 households and a population density of 980 persons per km². The total area of the city ...

* Nara Juvenile Prison 奈良少年刑務所 - Nara, Nara

Hiroshima Correctional Precinct

* Tottori Prison 鳥取刑務所 -

Tottori, Tottori is the capital and the largest city of Tottori Prefecture in the Chūgoku region of Japan. Within Japan the city is best known for its sand dunes which are a popular tourist attraction, drawing visitors from outside the prefecture. The sand d ...

* Matsue Prison 松江刑務所 -

Matsue, Shimane is the capital city of Shimane Prefecture, Japan, located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu. The city has an estimated population of 202,008 (February 1, 2021) following the merger with Higashiizumo from Yatsuka District. Matsue is located at t ...

* Okayama Prison 岡山刑務所 -

Kita-ku, Okayama is one of four wards of Okayama, Okayama Prefecture, Japan. The ward has an area of 451.03 km² and a population of 295,312. The population density is 655 per square kilometer. The name means "North Ward." The wards of Okayama were establi ...

Hiroshima Prison is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture in Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 1,199,391. The gross domestic product (GDP) in Greater Hiroshima, Hiroshima Urban Employment Area, was US$61.3 billion as of 2010. Kazumi Matsui h ...

広島刑務所 -

Naka-ku, Hiroshima is the heart of Hiroshima, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. Naka-ku is home to Hiroshima's central business district and Peace Memorial Park. Major attractions include the Hondori shopping arcade, a covered mall-like street of shops extending east ...

** Hiroshima Prison Onomichi Branch 広島刑務所尾道刑務支所 -

Onomichi, Hiroshima is a city located in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, facing the Inland Sea. The city was founded on April 1, 1898. As of April 30, 2016, the city has an estimated population of 141,811 and a population density of 497.8 persons per km2. The total ar ...

Yamaguchi Prison Yamaguchi may refer to: People * Yamaguchi (surname), the 14th most popular Japanese surname. Places *Yamaguchi Prefecture, the westernmost prefecture of Honshū island of Japan ** Yamaguchi (city), capital of Yamaguchi Prefecture *** Yamaguchi ...

山口刑務所 -

Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi is the capital city of Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. The city was founded on April 10, 1929. As of February 1, 2010, the city had an estimated population of 198,971 and a population density of 194.44 persons per km². The total area is 1,023.31 ...

Iwakuni Prison is a city located in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. History Iwakuni was formerly the castle town of the Iwakuni han, which was formed by Lord Hiroie Kikkawa after he was banished there for supporting the defeated shōgun. The Kikkawa clan rule ...

岩国刑務所 -

Iwakuni, Yamaguchi is a city located in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. History Iwakuni was formerly the castle town of the Iwakuni han, which was formed by Lord Hiroie Kikkawa after he was banished there for supporting the defeated shōgun. The Kikkawa clan rule ...

Takamatsu Correctional Precinct

* Tokushima Prison 徳島刑務所 -

Tokushima, Tokushima is the capital city of Tokushima Prefecture on Shikoku island in Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 249,865 in 122085 households and a population density of 1305 persons per km².The total area of the city is . Geography The ...

Takamatsu Prison file:Takamatsu City Hall.jpg, 270px, Takamatsu City Hall file:Takamatsu city center area Aerial photograph.2007.jpg, 270px, Aerial view of Takamatsu city center file:Takamatsu200910cut.JPG, 270px, View from Yashima to Takashima port is a Cities o ...

高松刑務所 -

Takamatsu, Kagawa 270px, Takamatsu City Hall 270px, Aerial view of Takamatsu city center 270px, View from Yashima to Takashima port is a city located in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 414,134 in 190120 households and a popu ...

Matsuyama Prison 270px, Matsuyama City Hall 270px, Ehime Prefectural Capital Building is the capital city of Ehime Prefecture on the island of Shikoku in Japan and also Shikoku's largest city. , the city had an estimated population of 505,948 in 243541 househo ...

松山刑務所 -

Tōon, Ehime 270px, Aerial view of Tōon city center is a city located in Ehime Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 33,276 in 15571 households and a population density of 160 persons per km². The total area of the city is . The city ...

Matsuyama Prison Saijo Branch 270px, Matsuyama City Hall 270px, Ehime Prefectural Capital Building is the capital city of Ehime Prefecture on the island of Shikoku in Japan and also Shikoku's largest city. , the city had an estimated population of 505,948 in 243541 househo ...

松山刑務所西条刑務支所 -

Saijō, Ehime is a city in Ehime Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 106,016 in 58803 households and a population density of 210 persons per km². The total area of the city is . Geography Saijō is in central Ehime Prefecture on the ...

* Kochi Prison 高知刑務所 -

Kōchi, Kōchi is the capital city of Kōchi Prefecture located on the island of Shikoku in Japan. With over 40% of the prefectural population, Kōchi is the main commercial and industrial centre and the "primate city" of the prefecture. , the city had an ...

Fukuoka Correctional Precinct

* Fukuoka Prison 福岡刑務所 -

Umi, Fukuoka is a town located in Kasuya District, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 2016, the town has an estimated population of 37,663 and a density of 1,200 persons per km². The total area is 30.22 km². The town has a river, the Umigawa, flowing ...

* Fumoto Prison 麓刑務所 -

Tosu, Saga is a city located in the eastern part of Saga Prefecture on the island of Kyushu, Japan. As of February 28, 2017, the city has an estimated population of 72,755 and a population density of 1,000 persons per km2. The total area is 71.73 ...

* Sasebo Prison 佐世保刑務所 - Sasebo, Nagasaki * Nagasaki Prison 長崎刑務所 -

Isahaya, Nagasaki is a city located in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. The city was founded on September 1, 1940. As of November 1, 2022, the city has an estimated population of 132,385 and a population density of 389 persons per km². The total area is . On March ...

* Kumamoto Prison 熊本刑務所 -

Kumamoto, Kumamoto is the capital city of Kumamoto Prefecture on the island of Kyushu, Japan. , the city has an estimated population of 738,907 and a population density of 1,893 people per km2. The total area is 390.32 km2. had a population of 1,461 ...

Oita Prison Oita often refers to: *Ōita Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan *Ōita (city), the capital of the prefecture Oita or Ōita may also refer to: Places *Ōita District, Ōita, a former district in Ōita Prefecture, Japan *Ōita Stadium, a multi-use stadium ...

大分刑務所 - Ōita, Ōita * Miyazaki Prison 宮崎刑務所 - Miyazaki, Miyazaki *

Kagoshima Prison , abbreviated to , is the capital city of Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. Located at the southwestern tip of the island of Kyushu, Kagoshima is the largest city in the prefecture by some margin. It has been nicknamed the "Naples of the Eastern world ...

鹿児島刑務所 -

Yūsui, Kagoshima is a town located in Aira District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. As of September 1, 2011, the town has an estimated population of 11,420 and the density of 79.1 persons per km². The total area is 144.33 km². The town was founded on Marc ...

* Okinawa Prison 沖縄刑務所 - Nanjō, Okinawa ** Okinawa Prison Yaeyama Branch 沖縄刑務所八重山刑務支所 -

Ishigaki, Okinawa is a city in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. It includes Ishigaki island and the Senkaku Islands territory. The city is the political, cultural, and economic center of the Yaeyama Islands. New Ishigaki Airport serves the city. As of December 2012, t ...

* Saga Juvenile Prison 佐賀少年刑務所 -

Saga, Saga is the capital city of Saga Prefecture, located on the island of Kyushu, Japan. Saga was the capital of Saga Domain in the Edo period, and the largest city of former Hizen Province. As of August 1, 2020, the city had an estimated population of ...

Detention houses

Tokyo Detention House The is a correctional facility in Katsushika, Tokyo. The prison, which is operated by the Ministry of Justice, is one of seven detention centres that carry out executions in Japan. It is used to detain people awaiting trial, convicted felons and ...

* Tachikawa Detention House * Nagoya Detention House * Kyoto Detention House * Osaka Detention House * Kobe Detention House *

Hiroshima Detention House is a correctional facility in Naka-ku, Hiroshima. A part of the penal system of Japan, it is operated by the Ministry of Justice. One of Japan's seven execution chamber An execution chamber, or death chamber, is a room or chamber in which cap ...

* Fukuoka Detention House * Sendai Detention House * Sapporo Detention House

Medical facilities

*Hachiojo medical prison 八王子医療刑務所 - Hachiōji, Tokyo *Kitakyushu medical prison 北九州医療刑務所 - Kokuraminami-ku, Kitakyūshū ( mental illness) ** An inmate died in 1992 at Jono after an assault by a prison officer. *Kikuchi medical branch prison (

leprosy Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease (HD), is a long-term infection by the bacteria ''Mycobacterium leprae'' or ''Mycobacterium lepromatosis''. Infection can lead to damage of the nerves, respiratory tract, skin, and eyes. This nerve damag ...

) *

Okazaki medical prison Okazaki may refer to: * Okazaki (surname) *Okazaki, Aichi, a city in Japan *Okazaki Castle, a castle in Japan *Okazaki fragments Okazaki fragments are short sequences of DNA nucleotides (approximately 150 to 200 base pairs long in eukaryotes) ...

岡崎医療刑務所 -

Okazaki, Aichi is a city located in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 386,999 in 164,087 households, and a population density of 999 persons per km². The total area of the city was . Geography Okazaki is in the coastal plains o ...

(mental illness) *

Osaka is a designated city in the Kansai region of Honshu in Japan. It is the capital of and most populous city in Osaka Prefecture, and the third most populous city in Japan, following Special wards of Tokyo and Yokohama. With a population of ...

medical branch prison 大阪医療刑務所 -

Sakai-ku, Sakai is a ward of the city of Sakai in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. The ward has an area of 23.69 km² and a population of 147,413. The population density is 6,223 per square kilometer.

Private Finance Initiative

Private Finance Initiative (PFI) prisons are maintained with private management. PFI prisons, which are for sentenced inmates with low criminal tendencies, include: * – Kakogawa, Hyogo – Houses men * –

Sakura, Tochigi 270px, Ryuko-ji temple 270px, Ruins of Kitsuregawa Castle is a city located in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 44,712 in 16,882 households, and a population density of 360 persons per km². The total area o ...

– Houses men * – Mine, Yamaguchi – Houses men and women * –

Hamada, Shimane is a city located in Shimane Prefecture, Japan. It is the third largest city in the prefecture and is located at the southwestern end of the prefecture. It is a coastal city on the Sea of Japan and possesses beautiful white sand beaches, which ...

– Houses men The inmates population tends to be large: 2,000 at Kizuregawa and Shimane Asahi; 1,000 at Harima and 500 at Miya. Under the PFI, prison facilities were built by the state but the operation and maintenance are made by private companies. Inmates at the private prisons are without advanced criminal inclinations.

Logo

The logo of the Correction Bureau includes three "C"s. One stands for Challenge, one for Change, and one for Cooperate.矯正ロゴマーク
" Correction Bureau. Retrieved on May 30, 2010.

References

External links

Correction Bureau
-

Correctional Association Foundation

Center for Prisoners' Rights

Documentary: Japan from inside / Le Japon à double tour
{{DEFAULTSORT:Penal System Of Japan Law enforcement in Japan