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A peanut butter cookie is a type of cookie that is distinguished for having peanut butter as a principal ingredient. The cookie originated in the United States, its development dating back to the 1910s.
http://plantanswers.tamu.edu/recipes/peanutrecipes.html
''plantanswers.tamu.edu'' It was not until the early 1930s that peanut butter was listed as an ingredient in the cookies.
Early peanut butter cookies were either rolled thin and cut into shapes, or else they were dropped and made into balls; they did not have fork marks. The first reference to the famous criss-cross marks created with fork
Cooks.com's Peanut Butter Cookie Recipes
- A wide assortment of recipes
*Andrew F. Smith, ''Peanuts: The Illustrious History of the Goober Pea'' Chicago, University of Illinois Press, 2002. ({{ISBN, 0252025539)
Easiest Flourless Peanut Butter Cookie Recipe
Cookies Peanut butter confectionery American desserts
History
George Washington Carver (1864–1943), an Americanagricultural extension
Agricultural extension is the application of scientific research and new knowledge to agricultural practices through farmer education. The field of 'extension' now encompasses a wider range of communication and learning activities organized for r ...
educator, from Alabama's Tuskegee Institute
Tuskegee University (Tuskegee or TU), formerly known as the Tuskegee Institute, is a private, historically black land-grant university in Tuskegee, Alabama. It was founded on Independence Day in 1881 by the state legislature.
The campus was de ...
, was the most well known promoter of the peanut
The peanut (''Arachis hypogaea''), also known as the groundnut, goober (US), pindar (US) or monkey nut (UK), is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds. It is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics, important to both small and ...
as a replacement for the cotton
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus '' Gossypium'' in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure cellulose, and can contain minor pe ...
crop, which had been heavily damaged by the boll weevil
The boll weevil (''Anthonomus grandis'') is a beetle that feeds on cotton buds and flowers. Thought to be native to Central Mexico, it migrated into the United States from Mexico in the late 19th century and had infested all U.S. cotton-growin ...
. He compiled 105 peanut recipes from various cookbooks, agricultural bulletins and other sources. In his 1925 research bulletin called ''How to Grow the Peanut and 105 Ways of Preparing it for Human Consumption'', he included three recipes for peanut cookies calling for crushed or chopped peanuts.''plantanswers.tamu.edu'' It was not until the early 1930s that peanut butter was listed as an ingredient in the cookies.
Fork pressing and patterning
Early peanut butter cookies were either rolled thin and cut into shapes, or else they were dropped and made into balls; they did not have fork marks. The first reference to the famous criss-cross marks created with fork tines
Tines (; also spelled tynes), prongs or teeth are parallel or branching spikes forming parts of a tool or natural object. They are used to spear, hook, move or otherwise act on other objects. They may be made of metal, wood, bone or other hard, ...
was published in the ''Schenectady Gazette
''The Daily Gazette'' is an independent, family-owned daily newspaper published in Schenectady, New York. ''The Daily Gazette'' also owns and operates ''The Amsterdam Recorder'', ''The Gloversville Leader-Herald'' and ''Your Niskayuna''.
Hist ...
'' on July 1, 1932. The ''Peanut Butter Cookies'' recipe said: " ape into balls and after placing them on the cookie sheet, press each one down with a fork, first one way and then the other, so they look like squares on waffles."
Pillsbury, one of the large flour producers, popularized the use of a fork in the 1930s. The ''Peanut Butter Balls'' recipe in the 1933 edition of ''Pillsbury's Balanced Recipes'' instructed the cook to press the cookies using fork tines. These early recipes do not explain why the advice is given to use a fork, though. The reason is that peanut butter cookie dough is dense, and unpressed, each cookie will not cook evenly. Using a fork to press the dough is a convenience of tool; bakers can also use a cookie shovel (spatula).
See also
* Peanut butter blossom cookie (peanut butter cookie with Hershey's kiss in center) *List of cookies
This is a list of notable cookies (American English), also called biscuits (British English). Cookies are typically made with flour, egg, sugar, and some type of shortening such as butter or cooking oil, and baked into a small, flat shape.
Cooki ...
* List of peanut dishes
This is a list of peanut dishes and foods that are prepared using peanuts or peanut butter as a primary ingredient. Peanuts are also referred to as groundnuts.
Dishes and foods
* Ants on a log – a snack made by spreading peanut butter, cr ...
*
References
Cooks.com's Peanut Butter Cookie Recipes
- A wide assortment of recipes
*Andrew F. Smith, ''Peanuts: The Illustrious History of the Goober Pea'' Chicago, University of Illinois Press, 2002. ({{ISBN, 0252025539)
Easiest Flourless Peanut Butter Cookie Recipe
Cookies Peanut butter confectionery American desserts