Stanley George Payne (born September 9, 1934) is an American historian of modern Spain and European Fascism at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He retired from full-time teaching in 2004 and is currently Professor Emeritus at its Department of History.

Work

Known for his typological description of fascism, Payne is a specialist in the Spanish fascist movement and has also produced comparative analyses of Western European fascism. He asserts that there were some specific ways in which

National Socialism Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right politics, far-right Totalitarianism, totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hit ...

paralleled Russian communism to a much greater degree than Fascism was capable of doing. Payne does not propound the theory of " red fascism" or the notion that communism and National Socialism are essentially the same. He states that National Socialism more nearly paralleled Russian communism than any other noncommunist system has. In the 1960s, his books were published in Spanish by ''Éditions Ruedo ibérico (ERi)'', a publishing company set up by

Spanish Republic The Spanish Republic (), commonly known as the Second Spanish Republic (), was the form of government in Spain from 1931 to 1939. The Republic was proclaimed on 14 April 1931, after the deposition of King Alfonso XIII, and was dissolved on 1 A ...

an exiles in Paris, France, to publish works forbidden in Spain by the

Francoist regime Francoist Spain ( es, España franquista), or the Francoist dictatorship (), was the period of Spanish history between 1939 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title . After his death in 1975, Spai ...

ruling the country at the time. He has been referred to by some historians as a revisionist due to his views. One of his more famous books is ''Spanish Civil War, The Soviet Union and Communism'', which analyzes Joseph Stalin and the Soviet government's intervention in Spain. He also wrote ''The Franco Regime'', ''The Spanish Civil War'' and ''A History of Fascism 1914–1945''. Payne uses a lengthy itemized list of characteristics to identify fascism, including the creation of an authoritarian state; a regulated, state-integrated economic sector; fascist symbolism; anti- liberalism; anti-communism, and anti- conservatism. He sees elimination of the autonomy or, in some cases, complete existence of large-scale capitalism as the common aim of all fascist movements.

Education

Payne received his bachelor's degree from Pacific Union College in 1955. He went on to earn a masters from Claremont Graduate School and University Center in 1957 and a doctorate (Ph.D.) from Columbia University in 1960.

Books

* ''Falange: A History of Spanish Fascism'', 1961 * ''Politics and the Military in Modern Spain'', 1967 * ''Franco's Spain'', 1967 * ''The Spanish Revolution'', 1970 * ''A History of Spain and Portugal'' (2 vol 1973
full text online free vol 1 before 1700
standard scholarly history * ''Basque Nationalism'', 1975 * ''La revolución y la guerra civil española'', 1976 * ''Fascism: Comparison and Definition'', 1980 * ''Spanish Catholicism: An Historical Overview'', 1984 * ''The Franco Regime 1936–1975'', 1988 * ''Franco: El perfil de la historia'', 1992 * ''Spain's First Democracy: The Second Republic, 1931–1936'', 1993 * ''A History of Fascism 1914–1945'', 1996 * ''El primer franquismo, 1939–1959: Los años de la autarquía'', 1998 * ''Fascism in Spain 1923–1977'', 2000 * ''The Spanish Civil War, the Soviet Union, and Communism 1931–1939'', 2004 * ''El colapso de la República: Los orígenes de la Guerra Civil 1933-1936'', 2005 * ''The Collapse of the Spanish Republic, 1933–1936'', 2006 * ''40 preguntas fundamentales sobre la Guerra Civil'', 2006 * ''Franco and Hitler: Spain, Germany, and World War II'', 2008 * ''¿Por qué la República perdió la guerra?'', 2010 * ''Spain: A Unique History'', 2011 * ''Civil War in Europe, 1905-1949'', 2011 * ''La Europa revolucionaria: Las guerras civiles que marcaron el siglo XX'', 2011 * ''The Spanish Civil War'', 2012 * ''Franco: A Personal and Political Biography'', 2014, with Jesús Palacios * ''Franco: Una biografía personal y política'', 2014, with Jesús Palacios * ''El fascismo'', 2014 * ''La Guerra Civil Española'', 2014 * ''El camino al 18 de julio: La erosión de la democracia en España, diciembre de 1935 - julio de 1936'', 2016 * ''365 momentos clave de la historia de España'', 2016 * ''En defensa de España : desmontando mitos y leyendas negras'', 2017 * ''La revolución española, 1936-1939: Un estudio sobre la singularidad de la Guerra Civil'', 2019

References

External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Payne, Stanley G. 1934 births Living people 21st-century American historians 21st-century American male writers Academics and writers on far-right extremism American Hispanists Claremont Graduate University alumni Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni Historians of fascism Historians of Francoist Spain Historians of the Second Spanish Republic Historians of the Spanish Civil War Pacific Union College alumni People from Denton, Texas University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty Corresponding members of the Real Academia de la Historia Academic journal editors Historians of carlism Historians from Texas Historians from California American male non-fiction writers