Pattani language
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Pattani, also known as Manchad, is an endangered Sino-Tibetan language spoken in the
India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
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Himachal Pradesh Himachal Pradesh (; ; "Snow-laden Mountain Province") is a state in the northern part of India. Situated in the Western Himalayas, it is one of the thirteen mountain states and is characterized by an extreme landscape featuring several peaks ...
.


Names

The language has a variety of names, the most prominent being Manchati, Manchad kad, Patani, Mellog kad, Chamba Lahuli, Swangla, Songloboli or Changsapa Boli. Its native name is ''Hendubhashe''. The Indian census erroneously includes the language as a dialect of Gujarati.


Distribution

Pattani is spoken in the Lahul Valley, Pattan, Chamba-Lahul, and lower Mayar valleys. There are also some speakers in
Kullu Kullu is a municipal council town that serves as the administrative headquarters of the Kullu district of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. It is located on the banks of the Beas River in the Kullu Valley about north of the airport at Bh ...
and Manali cities, and in Kishtwar district, Jammu and Kashmir.


General information

There are about 10,000 people in the western Himalayas who speak the Pattani Language. Pattani Language has several names. One of them is Manchad, which was given by the Tod valley people who live in the area where Manchad was originated. The religious belief of Manchad speakers is either Hinduism or Buddhism. Almost all of them can speak English or Hindi, and Manchad is being increasingly restricted to home use only. Because there is no written tradition in Manchad, the article resources and stories of Manchad are usually recorded in Hindi or Tibetan orthography.


Grammar

# The three-way contrast in number: singular, dual and plural. # Gender is not grammatical and is lexically based. # The verbal agreement system: person-number elements are indicated in verbs. # The sentence structure: simple, compound and complex sentences. # Pattani Language has complex pronominalisation and a complex verbal system.


Syntax

Pattani word order is subject–object–verb (SOV)


Dialects

''Ethnologue'' lists three Pattani dialects. *Chamba-Lahuli (Western Pattani) *Eastern Pattani *Central Pattani There are 3 caste dialects, namely Pandit-Rajput, Harijan, and Lohar. The lower castes can understand Pandit-Rajput, but not vice versa.


References

* {{Bodic languages Languages of Himachal Pradesh West Himalayish languages Endangered languages of India