The Patriarchate of Lisbon ( la, Patriarchatus Olisiponensis) is a

Latin Church , native_name_lang = la , image = San Giovanni in Laterano - Rome.jpg , imagewidth = 250px , alt = Façade of the Archbasilica of St. John in Lateran , caption = Archbasilica of Saint Jo ...

ecclesiastical territory or

patriarchal Patriarchy is a social system in which positions of dominance and privilege are primarily held by men. It is used, both as a technical anthropological term for families or clans controlled by the father or eldest male or group of males ...

archdiocese In church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop. History In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided provinces were administratively associat ...

of the

Catholic Church The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwide . It is am ...

Lisbon Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administrative limits w ...

, the capital of

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of th ...

. Its

archiepiscopal see An episcopal see is, in a practical use of the phrase, the area of a bishop's ecclesiastical jurisdiction. Phrases concerning actions occurring within or outside an episcopal see are indicative of the geographical significance of the term, maki ...

is the Patriarchal Cathedral of St. Mary Major, in Lisbon. The patriarchate also has three

minor basilica In the Catholic Church, a basilica is a designation given by the Pope to a church building. Basilicas are distinguished for ceremonial purposes from other churches. The building need not be a basilica in the architectural sense (a rectangular ...

s: the Basilica of Our Lady of the Martyrs and Basilica of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus in Estrela, both in Lisbon; the Basilica of Our Lady and St. Anthony in

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; and two

World Heritage Site A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for ...

monasteries: the Monastery of the Hieronymites, in Lisbon, and the Monastery of Saint Mary of Alcobaça, in Alcobaça

Patriarchate today

The patriarchate pastorally served, as per 2014, 1,648,885 Catholics (86% of 1,924,650 total) on 3,735 km² in 285 parishes and 604 missions, with 543 priests (291 diocesan, 252 religious), 84 deacons, 1,505 lay religious (401 brothers, 1,104 sisters) and 54 seminarians.

History

The diocese of

was created in the 4th century, but it lay vacant after 716 when the city was captured by the

Moors The term Moor, derived from the ancient Mauri, is an exonym first used by Christian Europeans to designate the Muslim inhabitants of the Maghreb, the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily and Malta during the Middle Ages. Moors are not a distinc ...

, notwithstanding that there are references to

Mozarab The Mozarabs ( es, mozárabes ; pt, moçárabes ; ca, mossàrabs ; from ar, مستعرب, musta‘rab, lit=Arabized) is a modern historical term for the Iberian Christians, including Christianized Iberian Jews, who lived under Muslim rule in A ...

ic bishops of the Mozarabic Rite in that period. The diocese was restored during the

Second Crusade The Second Crusade (1145–1149) was the second major crusade launched from Europe. The Second Crusade was started in response to the fall of the County of Edessa in 1144 to the forces of Zengi. The county had been founded during the First Cru ...

in 1147 when the city was captured by King

Afonso I of Portugal Afonso I of PortugalOr also ''Affonso'' (Archaic Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonso'' (Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonsus'' ( Latin version), sometimes rendered in English as ''Alphonzo'' or ''Alphonse'', depending on the Spanish or French in ...

after the siege of Lisbon. A crusader's account of that event refers to the local "elderly Bishop of the city" being slain "against all right and justice", by marauding Flemish and German crusaders, in direct defiance of the terms of the city's rendition. As Portugal grew in political importance and colonial possessions the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan of Lisbon expanded; Stadel says in his ''Compendium geographiae ecclesiasticae universalis'' (1712) that

Coimbra Coimbra (, also , , or ) is a city and a municipality in Portugal. The population of the municipality at the 2011 census was 143,397, in an area of . The fourth-largest urban area in Portugal after Lisbon, Porto, and Braga, it is the largest cit ...

Leiria Leiria (; cel-x-proto, ɸlāryo) is a city and municipality in the Central Region of Portugal. It is the 2nd largest city in that same region, with a municipality population of 128,640 (as of 2021) in an area of . It is the seat of its own dist ...

, Portalegre,

Elvas Elvas () is a Portuguese municipality, former episcopal city and frontier fortress of easternmost central Portugal, located in the district of Portalegre in Alentejo. It is situated about east of Lisbon, and about west of the Spanish fortress ...

Funchal Funchal () is the largest city, the municipal seat and the capital of Portugal's Autonomous Region of Madeira, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean. The city has a population of 105,795, making it the sixth largest city in Portugal. Because of its hig ...

, Angra, Congo, St. James of Cape Verde,

São Tomé São Tomé is the capital and largest city of the Central African island country of São Tomé and Príncipe. Its name is Portuguese for " Saint Thomas". Founded in the 15th century, it is one of Africa's oldest colonial cities. History Álvar ...

, and Baia of All Saints were suffragans of Lisbon. As a reward for its assistance against the Turks,

Pope Clement XI Pope Clement XI ( la, Clemens XI; it, Clemente XI; 23 July 1649 – 19 March 1721), born Giovanni Francesco Albani, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 23 November 1700 to his death in March 1721. Clement XI w ...

in 1708 raised the Chapel of the Royal Palace to Collegiate rank and associated with it three parishes in the dioceses of Bragança and Lamego. Later, yielding to the request of King

John V John V may refer to: * Patriarch John V of Alexandria or John the Merciful (died by 620), Patriarch of Alexandria from 606 to 616 * John V of Constantinople, Patriarch from 669 to 675 * Pope John V (685–686), Pope from 685 to his death in 686 * ...

, he issued the Bull ''In Supremo Apostolatus Solio'' (22 October 1716) – known as the Golden Bull because the seal or ''bulla'' was affixed with gold instead of lead – giving the collegiate chapel cathedral rank, with metropolitical rights, and conferring on its titular the rank of patriarch. The city of

was ecclesiastically divided into Eastern and Western Lisbon. The former archbishop of Lisbon retained jurisdiction over Eastern Lisbon, and had as

suffragan diocese A suffragan diocese is one of the dioceses other than the metropolitan archdiocese that constitute an ecclesiastical province. It exists in some Christian denominations, in particular the Catholic Church, the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandri ...

s those of Guarda, Portalegre, St. James of Cape Verde, São Tomé, and São Salvador in Congo. Western Lisbon and metropolitan rights over Leiria, Lamego, Funchal and Angra, together with elaborate privileges and honours, were granted to the new patriarch and his successors. It was further agreed between pope and king that the patriarch of Lisbon should be made a cardinal at the first consistory following his appointment ('' Inter praecipuas apostolici ministerii'', 1737). The first patriarch of Lisbon was Tomás de Almeida (1670–1754), formerly bishop of Porto; he was raised to the cardinalate on 20 December 1737 by

Pope Clement XII Pope Clement XII ( la, Clemens XII; it, Clemente XII; 7 April 16526 February 1740), born Lorenzo Corsini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 July 1730 to his death in February 1740. Clement presided over the ...

. There thus existed side by side in the city of Lisbon two metropolitical churches. To obviate the inconvenience of this arrangement

Pope Benedict XIV Pope Benedict XIV ( la, Benedictus XIV; it, Benedetto XIV; 31 March 1675 – 3 May 1758), born Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 17 August 1740 to his death in May 1758. Pope Be ...

(13 December 1740) united East and West Lisbon into one single archdiocese under Patriarch Almeida, who ruled the see until his death in 1754. The double chapter however remained until 1843, when the old cathedral chapter was dissolved by

Pope Gregory XVI Pope Gregory XVI ( la, Gregorius XVI; it, Gregorio XVI; born Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari; 18 September 1765 – 1 June 1846) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 2 February 1831 to his death in 1 June 1846. He ...

. It was during the patriarchate of Cardinal Almeida (1746) that the famous Chapel of Saint John the Baptist was built in Rome (1742–1747) at the expense of King John V and consecrated by Pope Benedict XIV, and then transported to and reconstructed in the Church of St. Roch in Lisbon. Patriarch Almeida is buried in the chancel of that church. At what date the patriarchs of Lisbon began to quarter the tiara with three crowns, though without the keys, on their coat of arms is uncertain and there are no documents referring to the grant of such a privilege. By apostolic letters dated 30 September 1881 the metropolitan of Lisbon claims as suffragans the dioceses of

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, St. James of Cape Verde, São Tomé, Egitan, Portalegre, Angra, and

Privileges of the patriarchate

Throughout history, many privileges have been granted to the patriarchate of Lisbon and its patriarch by the Holy See. * Patriarch of Lisbon's right to

cardinal Cardinal or The Cardinal may refer to: Animals * Cardinal (bird) or Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds **'' Cardinalis'', genus of cardinal in the family Cardinalidae **'' Cardinalis cardinalis'', or northern cardinal, t ...

dignity: ** Appointment as Cardinal in the

Consistory Consistory is the anglicized form of the consistorium, a council of the closest advisors of the Roman emperors. It can also refer to: *A papal consistory, a formal meeting of the Sacred College of Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church * Consistor ...

following the installation to the patriarchal see; ** Right to wear cardinal garments even before he is created, such as cassock and purple coral robes, but unlike cardinals, the cap must have a tassel as is typical of bishops, all in purple; this privilege is shared with the

patriarch of Venice The Patriarch of Venice ( la, Patriarcha Venetiarum; it, Patriarca di Venezia) is the ordinary bishop of the Archdiocese of Venice. The bishop is one of the few patriarchs in the Latin Church of the Catholic Church (currently three other Latin ...

and the

archbishop of Salzburg The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Salzburg ( la, Archidioecesis Salisburgensis) is an archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in Austria. The archdiocese is one of two Austrian archdioceses, serving alongside the Archdiocese ...

; ** Right to wear the purple tassel of 30 tassels on the coat of arms even before being created cardinal; this privilege is shared with the archbishop of Salzburg, although in his case with 12 tassels as is typical of the archbishops. * Right to affix the

papal Tiara The papal tiara is a crown (headgear), crown that was worn by popes of the Catholic Church from as early as the 8th century to the mid-20th. It was last used by Pope Paul VI in 1963 and only at the beginning of his reign. The name "tiara" refe ...

to the patriarchate's and patriarch's coat of arms, an exclusive honour never granted to any other Catholic prelate; unlike the papal coat of arms instead of the keys of St. Peter, the patriarchal coat of arms has an archiepiscopal double cross and a decussed staff. Throughout history, the papal tiara has only been used on the coats of arms of two prelates, the pope and the patriarch of Lisbon. In liturgical acts, the patriarchs of Lisbon also wore the unique and precious miter-tiara, with three levels, in honour of the privilege granted. Te-Deum celebrado no Dia de São Vicente, Sé Patriarcal de Lisboa 1965-01-22 (cropped)

Te-Deum celebrado no Dia de São Vicente, Sé Patriarcal de Lisboa 1965-01-22 (cropped)

* Concession of the use of some insignia and vestments exclusive to the Roman pontiff in Masses and pontifical processions chaired by the patriarch of Lisbon: ** the right to use '' sedia gestatoria'' carried by 8 men, different from the pontifical ''sedia gestatoria'' carried by 12 men; ** the right to use flabels, with the pope offering 2 of his 4 flabels; ** right to use a pontifical falda; ** right to use pontifical fanon; * Right to anoint the kings of Portugal at the time of their acclamation, a privilege previously exercised by the archbishop primate of Braga. * Right to have a Patriarchal Curia (similar but smaller than the Roman Curia). * Right to have a Patriarchal Chapter divided into 3 orders in the likeness of the

College of Cardinals The College of Cardinals, or more formally the Sacred College of Cardinals, is the body of all cardinals of the Catholic Church. its current membership is , of whom are eligible to vote in a conclave to elect a new pope. Cardinals are app ...

, with the Canons of the 1st order having the right to use a

miter The mitre (Commonwealth English) (; Greek: μίτρα, "headband" or "turban") or miter (American English; see spelling differences), is a type of headgear now known as the traditional, ceremonial headdress of bishops and certain abbots in ...

, that is, being a ''Capido Mitrado''. * Right to a Guard of Honor similar to the extinct Pontifical Noble Guard. These privileges were granted by Popes

Clement XI Pope Clement XI ( la, Clemens XI; it, Clemente XI; 23 July 1649 – 19 March 1721), born Giovanni Francesco Albani, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 23 November 1700 to his death in March 1721. Clement XI w ...

Innocent XIII Pope Innocent XIII ( la, Innocentius XIII; it, Innocenzo XIII; 13 May 1655 – 7 March 1724), born as Michelangelo dei Conti, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 May 1721 to his death in March 1724. He ...

, Benedict XIII and Clement XII. However, some have fallen into disuse over the centuries.

Ordinaries

Lisbon, being one of the oldest cities in Iberia, has had a rich ecclesiastical history, in which the ordinaries of Lisbon have held different titles, partially depending on the country/city's rulers and their political/colonial power.

Suffragan bishops of Olisipo

# Saint Mantius (36) legendary # Filipe Filoteu (92) legendary # Pedro (I) (166) legendary # Pedro (II) (213) legendary # Jorge (260) legendary # Pedro (III) (297) legendary # Saint Gens of Lisbon (?) legendary # Januário (300), legendary # São Potâmio (c. 356) # António (373) # Neobrídio (430) # Júlio (461) # Azulano (?) # João (500) # Éolo (536) # Nestoriano (578) # Paulo (589) # Goma or Gomarelo (610, 614) # Viarico, Ubalico or Dialico (633, 636, 638) # Nefrígio, Nefredo or Neofrídio (646) # Cesário or César (656) # Teodorico (666) # Ara (683) # Landerico (688, 693) # Ildefonso (?) After the Muslim invasion of Lisbon in 716, the see was

vacant Within the context of building construction and building codes, "occupancy" refers to the use, or intended use, of a building, or portion of a building, for the shelter or support of persons, animals or property. A closely related meaning is ...

. The diocese was revitalized with the Siege of Lisbon in 1147, when the city was once again in Christian hands.

Suffragan bishops of Lisbon

Gilbert of Hastings __NOTOC__ Gilbert of Hastings ( pt, Gilberto de Hastings; died 1166) was an English monk in the Christian army of the Second Crusade who fought in the Siege of Lisbon. After the victory, he was chosen to be the first Bishop of Lisbon. Prior to ...

(1147-1166) # Álvaro (bishop) (1166-1185) # (1185-1210) # Soeiro (II) Viegas (1210-1232) #Vicente (1232) #Paio Pais (1232-1233) #João (I) Falberto (1233) #Estêvão (I) Gomes (1234-1237) #João (II) (1239-1241) #Ricardo Guilherme (1241) #Aires Vasques (1241-1258) #Mateus (1259-1282) #Estêvão (II) Anes de Vasconcelos (1284-1289) #Domingos Anes Jardo (1289-1293) #João (III) Martins de Soalhães (1294-1312) #Frei Estêvão (III), O.F.M. (1312-1322) #

Gonçalo Pereira Gonçalo (Gonçalves) Pereira (c.1280–1348) was a Portuguese prelate of the Catholic Church who served as the archbishop of Braga from 1326 until 1349. Pereira was a son of Gonçalo Pires Pereira, who held the titles of count of the Kingdom of ...

(1322-1326) #João (IV) Afonso de Brito (1326-1341) #Vasco (I) Martins (1342-1344) #Estêvão (IV) de la Garde (1344-1348) #Teobaldo de Castillon (1348-1356) #Reginaldo de Maubernard (1356-1358) #Lourenço Rodrigues (1359-1364) #Pedro Gomes Barroso, o Jovem (1364-1369) #Fernando Álvares (1369-1371) #Vasco (II) Fernandes de Toledo (1371) #Agapito Colona (1371-1380), 1378 Cardinal #João (V) de Agoult (1380-1381) - named bishop of Lisbon by

pope Urban VI Pope Urban VI ( la, Urbanus VI; it, Urbano VI; c. 1318 – 15 October 1389), born Bartolomeo Prignano (), was head of the Catholic Church from 8 April 1378 to his death in October 1389. He was the most recent pope to be elected from outside the ...

(pope in Rome) #Martinho de Zamora (1380-1383) - named bishop of Lisbon (and Cardinal in 1383) by

Antipope Clement VII Robert of Geneva, (french: Robert de Genève; 1342 – 16 September 1394) elected to the papacy as Clement VII (french: Clément VII) by the cardinals who opposed Pope Urban VI, was the first antipope residing in Avignon, France. His election le ...

(pope in Avignon) #João (VI) Guterres (1381-1382) - named bishop of Lisbon by

(pope in Rome) #João (VII) Anes (c. 1383-1394)

Metropolitan archbishops of Lisbon

#João (I) Anes (1394-1402) #João (II) Afonso Esteves da Azambuja (1402-1415) #Diogo Álvares de Brito (1415-1422) #Pedro de Noronha (1424-1452) #Luís Coutinho (1452-1453) #Cardeal D.

Jaime de Portugal James of Portugal (17 September 1433 – 27 August 1459), also known as James of Coimbra, James of Lusitania, was a Portuguese '' infante'' (prince) of the House of Aviz, and a bishop and cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. James was the 3rd ...

(1453-1459) #Afonso (I) Nogueira (1459-1464) #Cardeal D. Jorge da Costa (1464-1500) #Martinho da Costa (1500-1521) # Cardinal-Infante D. Afonso (II) de Portugal (1523-1540) #Fernando de Meneses Coutinho e Vasconcelos (1540-1564) # Cardinal Infante D. Henrique de Portugal (1564-1570) #Jorge de Almeida (1570-1585) # Miguel de Castro (1586-1625) # Afonso (III) Furtado de Mendonça (1626-1630) # João (III) Manuel de Ataíde (1633) #

Rodrigo da Cunha D. Rodrigo da Cunha (1577 – 3 January 1643) was a Portuguese prelate of the first half of the seventeenth century and who, as Archbishop of Lisbon, played an important role in supporting the restoration of Portuguese independence from Spain. B ...

(1635-1643) # António de Mendonça (1670-1675) #Cardinal D. Luís de Sousa (1675-1702) # João (IV) de Sousa (1703-1710)

Latin patriarchs of Lisbon

#Cardinal Tomás de Almeida (1716–1754) #Cardinal José (I) Manoel da Câmara (1754–1758) #Cardinal Francisco (I) de Saldanha da Gama (1758–1776) #Cardinal Fernando de Sousa da Silva (1779–1786) #Cardinal José (II) Francisco Miguel António de Mendonça (1786–1818) #Cardinal Carlos da Cunha e Menezes (1819–1825) #Cardinal Patrício da Silva (1826–1840) #Cardinal Francisco (II) de São Luís (Francisco Justiniano) Saraiva (1840–1845) #Cardinal Guilherme Henriques de Carvalho (1845–1857) #Cardinal Manuel (I) Bento Rodrigues da Silva (1858–1869) #Cardinal

Inácio do Nascimento de Morais Cardoso '' Dom'' Inácio do Nascimento de Morais Cardoso (20 December 1811 – 23 February 1883) was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and was Patriarch of Lisbon. Morais Cardoso was born in Murça, Portugal, the son of Hipólito de Morais Cardo ...

(1871–1883) #Cardinal José (III) Sebastião de Almeida Neto (1883–1907) #Cardinal António (I) Mendes Belo (1907–1929) #Cardinal Manuel (II) Gonçalves Cerejeira (1929–1971) #Cardinal António (II) Ribeiro (1971–1998) #Cardinal José (IV) da Cruz Policarpo (1998–2013) #Cardinal Manuel (III) José Macário do Nascimento Clemente (2013–)

Ecclesiastical province

The

suffragan A suffragan bishop is a type of bishop in some Christian denominations. In the Anglican Communion, a suffragan bishop is a bishop who is subordinate to a metropolitan bishop or diocesan bishop (bishop ordinary) and so is not normally jurisdiction ...

sees of the archdiocese are: * Diocese of Angra (the

Azores ) , motto =( en, "Rather die free than subjected in peace") , anthem= ( en, "Anthem of the Azores") , image_map=Locator_map_of_Azores_in_EU.svg , map_alt=Location of the Azores within the European Union , map_caption=Location of the Azores wi ...

) * Diocese of Funchal (on Madeira) * Diocese of Guarda * Diocese of Leiria-Fátima * Diocese of Portalegre-Castelo Branco * Roman Catholic Diocese of Santarém, Portugal, Diocese of Santarém * Diocese of Setúbal.

References

Sources and external links

GCatholic.org, with Google map – data for all sections

at catholic-hierarchy.org
Official website
(in Portuguese) * * Westermann, ''Großer Atlas zur Weltgeschichte'' {{DEFAULTSORT:Lisbon, Latin Patriarchate Christianity in Lisbon, Patriarchate Latin patriarchates Roman Catholic dioceses in Portugal Roman Catholic Ecclesiastical Province of Lisbon, *