The National Brotherhood Party (, HIW) was an

Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...

i political party formed in 1930–1931 by

Yasin al-Hashimi Yasin al-Hashimi, born Yasin Hilmi Salman ( ar, ياسين الهاشمي‎; 1884 – 21 January 1937), was an Iraqi politician who twice served as the prime minister. Like many of Iraq's early leaders, al-Hashimi served as a military office ...

, Naji al-Suwaydi, and

Rashid Ali al-Gaylani Rashid Ali al-Gaylaniin Arab standard pronunciation Rashid Aali al-Kaylani; also transliterated as Sayyid Rashid Aali al-Gillani, Sayyid Rashid Ali al-Gailani or sometimes Sayyad Rashid Ali el Keilany (" Sayyad" serves to address higher standing ...

. A

pan-Arabist Pan-Arabism ( ar, الوحدة العربية or ) is an ideology that espouses the unification of the countries of North Africa and Western Asia from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea, which is referred to as the Arab world. It is closely c ...

and strongly

nationalist Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a group of people), Smith, Anthony. ''Nationalism: The ...

party, it became associated with opposition to the

British Empire The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts esta ...

. It dominated Iraqi governments from its foundation until the 1936 coup.

History

HIW was formed in 1930/1931 as a merger between the minor National and People's parties and other like-minded nationalist groups. It gathered opponents of then Prime Minister Nuri Pasha al-Said who had concluded the

Anglo-Iraqi Treaty The Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of October 1922 was an agreement signed between the British and Iraqi governments. The treaty was designed to allow for Iraqi self-government while giving the British control of Iraq's foreign policy. It was intended to co ...

of 1930. The new party soon gained the support of Jam'iyat Ashab al-San'a (Artisans' Society), the largest

trade union A trade union (labor union in American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers intent on "maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment", ch. I such as attaining better wages and benefits ( ...

in Iraq. The party held its first meeting in

Baghdad Baghdad (; ar, بَغْدَاد , ) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab world after Cairo. It is located on the Tigris near the ruins of the ancient city of Babylon and the Sassanid Persian capital of Ctesiphon ...

in March of the same year, attracting 2000 followers to a rally where they called for a new government and a redefinition of the relationship between Iraq and the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...

. In order to demonstrate its importance the party organised strikes in July, although there was no direct political motive behind the move, other than showing that the HIW had support. The party formed a pact with the Nationalist Party in 1932 and used this to gain influence in the Iraqi parliament. With this influence secured they forced out the government of

Naji Shawkat Muhammad Naji Shawkat Bey ( ar, ناجي شوكت) (May 26, 1891 – May 11, 1980) was an Iraqi politician who served as the prime minister of Iraq under King Faisal I. Early life Muhammad Naji Shawkat was born to an Arabized family of Georg ...

and soon established an HIW government, despite the fact that the majority of the chamber had been elected on an anti-HIW ticket. However the initial government was not to last long as advisers close to the new king Ghazi convinced him that the HIW government was responsible for tribal unrest. As such the government was removed and al-Kaylani and his right-hand man Yasin Pasha were to be excluded from future governments. This remained the case for future HIW administrations, although al-Kaylani returned to the top job after Ghazi's death.

Governments

During the

Kingdom of Iraq The Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq ( ar, المملكة العراقية الهاشمية, translit=al-Mamlakah al-ʿIrāqiyyah ʾal-Hāshimyyah) was a state located in the Middle East from 1932 to 1958. It was founded on 23 August 1921 as the Kingdo ...

period that party supplied the

Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...

on five occasions. Those governments identified as National Brotherhood Party were: *Rashid Ali al-Gaylani, March 20, 1933 – November 9, 1933 *

, March 17, 1935 – October 30, 1936 (partnership with the military) * Hikmat Sulayman, October 30, 1936 – August 17, 1937 *Rashid Ali al-Gaylani, March 31, 1940 – February 3, 1941 *Rashid Ali al-Gaylani, April 13, 1941 – May 30, 1941World Statesmen Iraq page
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References

{{Kingdom of Iraq political parties 1930 establishments in Iraq 1941 disestablishments in Iraq Arab nationalism in Iraq Arab nationalist political parties Conservative parties in Iraq Defunct political parties in Iraq Iraqi nationalism Nationalist parties in Iraq Organizations based in Baghdad Pan-Arabist political parties Political parties disestablished in 1941 Political parties established in 1930