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The
genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
''Sphenomorphus'' – vernacularly known as the common skinks – currently serves as a "
wastebin taxon Wastebasket taxon (also called a wastebin taxon, dustbin taxon or catch-all taxon) is a term used by some taxonomists to refer to a taxon that has the sole purpose of classifying organisms that do not fit anywhere else. They are typically defined ...
" for numerous
skink Skinks are lizards belonging to the family Scincidae, a family in the infraorder Scincomorpha. With more than 1,500 described species across 100 different taxonomic genera, the family Scincidae is one of the most diverse families of lizards. Ski ...
s. While most or all
species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
presently placed here are probably rather close relatives, the genus as presently delimited is likely to be not
monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...
and is in need of review. Some species in this genus have been moved to ''
Pinoyscincus ''Pinoyscincus'' is a genus of skinks, lizards in the family Scincidae. All species in the genus are endemic to the Philippines. Species in this genus were previously assigned to the genus ''Sphenomorphus''. Species The following five species, ...
''. The namesake of the ''Sphenomorphus'' group of Lygosominae
genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...
, most species would probably occupy a rather basal position therein.


Species

*''
Sphenomorphus acutus The pointed-headed sphenomorphus (''Sphenomorphus acutus'') is a species of skink found in the Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no) ...
'' – pointed-headed sphenomorphus *''
Sphenomorphus aignanus ''Sphenomorphus aignanus'' is a species of skink found in Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bi ...
'' *''
Sphenomorphus alfredi ''Sphenomorphus alfredi'' is a species of skink, a lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to Malaysia near Mount Kinabalu, Sabah, and Borneo. Etymology The specific name, ''alfredi'', is in honour of British naturalist Alfred ...
'' *''
Sphenomorphus annamiticus The Perak forest skink or starry forest skink (''Sphenomorphus annamiticus'') is a species of skink found in Vietnam and Cambodia Cambodia (; also Kampuchea ; km, កម្ពុជា, UNGEGN: ), officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is ...
'' – Perak forest skink, starry forest skink *''
Sphenomorphus annectens ''Sphenomorphus annectens'' is a species of lizard in the genus ''Sphenomorphus'' of the family Scincidae, described by George Albert Boulenger in 1897.Boulenger, G. A. (1897) An account of the reptiles and batrachians collected by Dr. L. Loria ...
'' *''
Sphenomorphus anomalopus The long-toed forest skink (''Sphenomorphus anomalopus'') is a species of skink found in Malaysia and Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific o ...
'' – long-toed forest skink *''
Sphenomorphus anotus ''Sphenomorphus anotus'' is a species of skink found in Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilo ...
'' *''
Sphenomorphus apalpebratus ''Sphenomorphus apalpebratus'' is a species of skink found in India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the mos ...
'' *'' Sphenomorphus bacboensis'' *'' Sphenomorphus bignelli'' *'' Sphenomorphus brunneus'' *'' Sphenomorphus buenloicus'' *'' Sphenomorphus buettikoferi'' *'' Sphenomorphus cameronicus'' – Cameron Highlands forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus capitolythos'' *'' Sphenomorphus celebensis'' *'' Sphenomorphus cinereus'' *'' Sphenomorphus concinnatus'' – elegant forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus consobrinus'' *'' Sphenomorphus cophias'' – Tahan Mountain forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus courcyanus'' *''
Sphenomorphus cranei ''Sphenomorphus cranei'', also known commonly as Crane’s skink and Crane's forest skink, is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to the Solomon Islands. Etymology The specific name, ''cranei'', is in honor of A ...
'' – Crane’s skink *'' Sphenomorphus crassus'' *'' Sphenomorphus cryptotis'' *'' Sphenomorphus cyanolaemus'' – blue-headed forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus darlingtoni'' *'' Sphenomorphus dekkerae'' *''
Sphenomorphus derooyae ''Sphenomorphus derooyae'' is a species of skink, a lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is native to Oceania. Geographic range ''S. derooyae'' is found in New Guinea and in the Bismarck Archipelago, including Admiralty Islands, New Br ...
'' *'' Sphenomorphus diwata'' – diwata sphenomorphus *'' Sphenomorphus dussumieri'' – Dussumier's forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus fasciatus'' – banded sphenomorphus *'' Sphenomorphus forbesi'' – slender litter skink *'' Sphenomorphus fragilis'' *'' Sphenomorphus fragosus'' *'' Sphenomorphus fuscolineatus'' *'' Sphenomorphus grandisonae'' – Grandison’s forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus granulatus'' *'' Sphenomorphus haasi'' *'' Sphenomorphus helenae'' – Notaburi forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus incognitus'' *''
Sphenomorphus indicus ''Sphenomorphus indicus'' (Indian forest skink) is a species of skink. Description Its habit is lacertiform; the distance between the end of the snout and the fore limb contained about 1.6 times in the distance between axilla and groin. Snout s ...
'' – Indian forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus jobiensis'' *'' Sphenomorphus kinabaluensis'' *'' Sphenomorphus latifasciatus'' *'' Sphenomorphus leptofasciatus'' *'' Sphenomorphus lineopunctulatus'' – line-spotted forest skink *''
Sphenomorphus longicaudatus ''Sphenomorphus longicaudatus'' is a species of skink. It is found in Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Indepen ...
'' *'' Sphenomorphus loriae'' *'' Sphenomorphus louisiadensis'' *'' Sphenomorphus maculatus'' – spotted forest skink, maculated forest skink, stream-side skink *'' Sphenomorphus maculicollus'' *'' Sphenomorphus maindroni'' *'' Sphenomorphus malaisei'' *'' Sphenomorphus malayanus'' – Malayan forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus melanopogon'' *'' Sphenomorphus meyeri'' *'' Sphenomorphus microtympanum'' *'' Sphenomorphus mimicus'' – dwarf forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus mimikanus'' *'' Sphenomorphus minutus'' *'' Sphenomorphus modiglianii'' *'' Sphenomorphus muelleri'' – *'' Sphenomorphus multisquamatus'' *'' Sphenomorphus murudensis'' *'' Sphenomorphus necopinatus'' *'' Sphenomorphus neuhaussi'' *''
Sphenomorphus nigriventris ''Sphenomorphus nigriventris'' is a species of skink. It is endemic to New Guinea and is found in both Papua New Guinea and Western New Guinea Western New Guinea, also known as Papua, Indonesian New Guinea, or Indonesian Papua, is the we ...
'' *''
Sphenomorphus nigrolabris ''Sphenomorphus nigrolabris'' is a species of skink found in Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 island ...
'' *'' Sphenomorphus nigrolineatus'' *'' Sphenomorphus oligolepis'' *'' Sphenomorphus orientalis'' *'' Sphenomorphus papuae'' *'' Sphenomorphus phuquocensis'' – Phu Quoc Island forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus praesignis'' – blotched forest skink *''
Sphenomorphus pratti ''Sphenomorphus pratti'' is a species of skink, a lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to Papua New Guinea. Geographic range ''S. pratti'' is found throughout Papua New Guinea except in savanna areas in the south. It is also f ...
'' *'' Sphenomorphus preylangensis'' – Prey Lang forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus puncticentralis'' *'' Sphenomorphus rarus'' *'' Sphenomorphus rufus'' *'' Sphenomorphus sabanus'' – Sabah slender skink *'' Sphenomorphus sanana'' *'' Sphenomorphus sanctus'' – Java forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus sarasinorum'' *'' Sphenomorphus schlegeli'' *''
Sphenomorphus schultzei ''Sphenomorphus schultzei'' is a species of skink, a lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to Oceania. Etymology The specific name, ''schultzei'', is in honor of German ethnographer Leonhard Schultze-Jena. Beolens B, Watkins ...
'' *'' Sphenomorphus scotophilus'' – Selangor forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus scutatus'' – Palau ground skink *'' Sphenomorphus senja'' *'' Sphenomorphus sheai'' – Shea's forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus shelfordi'' *'' Sphenomorphus simus'' – common forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus solomonis'' *'' Sphenomorphus stellatus'' – Perak forest skink, starry forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus striolatus'' *'' Sphenomorphus sungaicolus'' *'' Sphenomorphus taiwanensis'' *'' Sphenomorphus tanahtinggi'' *'' Sphenomorphus tanneri'' – Tanner’s skink *'' Sphenomorphus taylori'' – Taylor’s Solomon skink *'' Sphenomorphus tenuiculus'' *'' Sphenomorphus tersus'' – Nakhon Si-Thammarat forest skink, Thai forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus tetradactylus'' *'' Sphenomorphus tonkinensis'' – Tonkin forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus transversus'' *'' Sphenomorphus tridigitus'' *'' Sphenomorphus tritaeniatus'' *'' Sphenomorphus tropidonotus'' *'' Sphenomorphus undulatus'' – wavy-backed forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus vanheurni'' *'' Sphenomorphus variegatus'' *'' Sphenomorphus wau'' *'' Sphenomorphus wollastoni'' *'' Sphenomorphus woodfordi'' *'' Sphenomorphus yersini'' – Yersin’s forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus zimmeri'' '' "Hinulia" elegans'', described by
Gray Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed o ...
in 1838, is unidentified, but may be '' Eulamprus tenuis'',Shea & Michels (2008). which is also known as '' Concinnia tenuis'' (Gray, 1831).


Range

They are found mainly in
Southeast asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, south-eastern region of Asia, consistin ...
but has also been found in
India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
and upwards to
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
.


References


External links

* (2006). "Using ancient and recent DNA to explore relationships of extinct and endangered ''Leiolopisma'' skinks (Reptilia: Scincidae) in the Mascarene islands". ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 39 (2): 503–511. (HTML abstract) * (2006). "The Southeast Asian scincid lizard ''Siaphos tridigitus'' Bourret, 1939 (Reptilia, Scincidae): a second specimen". ''Zoosystema'' 28 (3): 785-790
PDF fulltext
* (2008). "A replacement name for ''Sphenomorphus keiensis'' (Kopstein, 1926) from the southeastern Moluccas, Indonesia (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) with a redescription of the species". ''
Zoologische Mededelingen ''Zoologische Mededelingen'' was a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal publishing papers and monographs on animal systematics. The publisher was the National Museum of Natural History Naturalis in the Netherlands. The first issue appeared ...
Leiden'' 82 (52): 737-747
PDF


Further reading

* Fitzinger L (1843). ''Systema Reptilium, Fasciculus Primus, Amblyglossae.'' Vienna: Braumüller & Seidel. 106 pp. + indices. (''Sphenomorphus'', new genus, p. 23). (in Latin). {{Taxonbar, from=Q1758486 Lizard genera Taxa named by Leopold Fitzinger