Park Mok-wol

Pak Mok-wol (, 6 January 1916 – 24 March 1978) was an influential Korean poet and academic.

Personal life

He was born Pak Yeongjong on January 6, 1916, in Moryang Village, Seo-myeon, Gyeongju, North Gyeongsang Province, in present-day South Korea, to parents Pak Jun-pil () and Pak In-jae (). He had a younger brother and two younger sisters. He graduated from Keisung Middle School (today Keisung High School) in Daegu in 1935. He lived in Tokyo from April 1937 until late 1939, during which period he devoted his time to writing. From September 1939 to September 1940, he had several of his poems published in the magazine . Afterwards, due to increasing wartime censorship by the Japanese colonial government, he continued writing privately but did not publish any further poetry until after the liberation of Korea. He was married to Yu Ik-sun (), with whom he had four sons and a daughter.

Pak taught at various schools including Keisung Middle School and Ewha Girls' High School beginning in 1946, before joining the faculty of Hongik University as an assistant professor in 1953. In 1961 he took up a position as associate professor at Hanyang University (at which a statue was erected in his honor), and in 1963 he became a full professor there. He was later named the dean of the university's College of Humanities. In 1966 he was elected to the (Yesurwon). He was a board member of the Society of Korean Poets from its founding in 1957, and was chosen as the society's chairman in 1968. He died on March 24, 1978, at his home in Wonhyoro-dong, Yongsan District, Seoul.

Work

Pak Mok-wol began his career as a member of ''Cheongrok-pa'' (the Blue Deer school), a group of three poets who also included Cho Chi-hun and Pak Tu-jin, all named after the 1946 anthology in which they appeared. Although they differed in style, their work largely had its basis in natural description and human aspiration. The body of Pak Mok-wol's work at this time established a new trend in Korean poetry, one that attempted to express childlike innocence and wonder at life through folk songs and dialectal poetic language.

Among such poems, "The Wayfarer" (나그네) is notable and was set by the musician Isang Yun as the last in his early song book ''Dalmuri'' (A Halo, 1950).

After his experiences during the Korean War, Pak's work shifted in style. Now he strove to incorporate the pain, death, and even monotony of daily existence into his poetry without maintaining a standard of sentimental and lyrical quality. His poetry collections, ''Wild Peach Blossoms'' (Sandohwa) and ''Orchids and Other Poems'' (Nan. Gita) encapsulate his artistic aim to depict the shifting human response to both the joys and sorrows of life. His later poems, however, represent a return to the use of vivid colloquial language as the medium through which to express the color and vitality of local culture.

His collection of poems from this later stylistic phase, ''Fallen Leaves in Gyeongsang-do'' (Gyeongsang-doui garangnip) provides the artistic forum through which he is able to further explore his earlier questions of the relationship between light and dark, happiness and despair, and life and death. Pak's poetry, especially his later work, reveals a fervent love for life that does not wane despite his diligent acknowledgment of the ever-present threat of the end. He is celebrated for the cautious optimism of his work and his ability to subtly internalize conflicts of empiric reality in his deceptively localized and dialectal poetry.

Awards and legacy

Pak's awards include the Freedom Literature Awards, May Literature and Art Awards, the Seoul City Culture Awards (1969), and the Moran Medal of the Order of Civil Merit (1972). In 2007, he was listed by the Korean Poets' Association among the ten most important modern Korean poets.

Pak lived in a house in Wonhyoro-dong from 1965 until his death in 1978. The Seoul Municipal Government had expressed interest in preserving the house as a cultural heritage asset, but his son had to sell it to a real estate developer to cover debts in 2002, and the developer demolished the building in 2004. The demolition, along with similar incidents or near-misses involving the old houses of other cultural figures such as Choe Nam-seon and Seo Jeong-ju around the same time, sparked increasing public interest in the issue of cultural heritage preservation.

Bibliography

Adapted from:
*''Cheongrokjip'' 《靑鹿集》 (Seoul: Uryu Munhwasa ��酉文化社 1946. .) With Cho Chi-hun and Pak Tu-jin.
*''Sandohwa'' 《山桃花》 (Daegu: Yong-ung Chulpansa ��雄出版社 1955. .)
*''Boratbit Somyo'' 《보랏빛 素描》 (Seoul: Sinheung Chulpansa ��興出版社 1958

)
*''Nan. Gita'' 《蘭·其他》 (Seoul: Singu Chulpansa ��丘文化社 1959. .)
*''Sansaeal Mulsaeal'' 《산새알 물새알》 (Seoul: Munwonsa ��苑社 1961

)
*''Guwonui Yeon-ga'' 《久遠의 戀歌》 (Seoul: Gumunsa ��文社 1962. .) With Kim Nam-jo.
*''Cheongdam'' 《晴曇》 (Seoul: Iljogak ��潮閣 1964. .)
*''Eomeoni'' 《어머니》 (Seoul: Samjungdang ��中堂 1967. .)
*''Gyeongsang-doui Garang-nip'' 《慶尙道의 가랑잎》 (Seoul: Minjung Seogwan ��衆書館 1968. .)
*''Cheongrokjip Gita'' 《靑鹿集 其他》 (Seoul: Hyeonamsa ��岩社 1968. .) With Cho Chi-hun and Pak Tu-jin.
*''Cheongrokjip Ihu'' 《青鹿集 以後》 (Seoul: Hyeonamsa ��岩社 1968. .) With Cho Chi-hun and Pak Tu-jin.
*''Musun'' 《無順》 (Seoul: Samjungdang ��中堂 1976. .)

Works in translation

* ''Selected Poems of Pak Mogwol'', English (박목월 시선집. Uchang Kim, translator. Berkeley: Asian Humanities Press, 1990. .)
* ''Le Passant'', French (나그네. Kim Hyeon-ju and Pierre Mesini, translators. Marseille: Autres Temps, 2000. .)
* 《过客》, Chinese (나그네. Heo Se-uk ��世旭 translator. Tianjin: Baihua Wenyi Chubanshe ��花文艺出版社 2003. .)

See also

*List of Koreans
* Korean literature
*List of Korean-language poets

References

External links

The Dong-ri Mog-wol Literary Museum

PDF file of an English-language article on Gyeongju by Park Mok-Wol, published in Korea Journal in 1965Short laudatory overview and biography

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pak, Mok-wol
1916 births
1978 deaths
20th-century Korean poets
20th-century male writers
Korean writers
Korean male poets
People from Gyeongju
Academic staff of Hanyang University
Academic staff of Hongik University