The

papal conclave A papal conclave is a gathering of the College of Cardinals convened to elect a bishop of Rome, also known as the pope. Catholics consider the pope to be the apostolic successor of Saint Peter and the earthly head of the Catholic Church. ...

held from 13 to 20 December 1334 elected Jacques Fournier to succeed

John XXII Pope John XXII ( la, Ioannes PP. XXII; 1244 – 4 December 1334), born Jacques Duèze (or d'Euse), was head of the Catholic Church from 7 August 1316 to his death in December 1334. He was the second and longest-reigning Avignon Pope, elected by ...

as pope. Fournier took the name Benedict XII.

Cardinals

Twenty-four cardinals attended the conclave of December 1334. Their names are listed by Konrad Eubel in ''Hierarchia catholica''.

Politics

An early favorite among the ''

papabile ''Papabile'' (, also , ; ; or "able to be pope") is an unofficial Italian term first coined by Vaticanologists and now used internationally in many languages to describe a Catholic man, in practice always a cardinal, who is thought a likely ...

'' was

Cardinal Cardinal or The Cardinal may refer to: Animals * Cardinal (bird) or Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds **'' Cardinalis'', genus of cardinal in the family Cardinalidae **'' Cardinalis cardinalis'', or northern cardinal, t ...

Jean-Raymond de

Comminges The Comminges (; Occitan/ Gascon: ''Comenge'') is an ancient region of southern France in the foothills of the Pyrenees, corresponding closely to the arrondissement of Saint-Gaudens in the department of Haute-Garonne. This natural region is nor ...

, Bishop of

Porto e Santa Rufina Porto or Oporto () is the second-largest city in Portugal, the capital of the Porto District, and one of the Iberian Peninsula's major urban areas. Porto city proper, which is the entire municipality of Porto, is small compared to its metro ...

, son of Count Bernard VI of Comminges and Laura de Montfort. The French cardinals, led by Elie de Talleyrand-Périgord, did not want to leave their native France for the plague-infested and unfriendly city of Rome. And since the Orsini faction wanted to return to Rome, the Colonna faction chose the opposite and joined the French. A sufficient number of cardinals agreed to support him (2/3, or a minimum of 16 in number). Thus he could have been elected Pope had he been willing to swear to a condition not to return the papacy to Rome. Understandably, he refused his consent to the election on those terms. The

Cistercian The Cistercians, () officially the Order of Cistercians ( la, (Sacer) Ordo Cisterciensis, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Saint B ...

cardinal, Jacques Fournier, was elected on the evening of 20 December 1334, after

Vespers Vespers is a service of evening prayer, one of the canonical hours in Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Catholic (both Latin and Eastern), Lutheran, and Anglican liturgies. The word for this fixed prayer time comes from the Latin , mea ...

, on the eighth day of the conclave.Martin Souchon, Die Papstwahlen von Bonifaz VIII bis Urban VI (Braunschweig: Benno Goeritz 1888), pp. 45-46. J. P. Adams
''Sede Vacante 1334''.
Retrieved: 2016-06-26. According to the ''

Catholic Encyclopedia The ''Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church'' (also referred to as the ''Old Catholic Encyclopedia'' and the ''Original Catholic Encyclopedia'') i ...

'':

Notes

Books and articles

* Ameri, Gianluca and Clario Di Fabio, ''Luca Fieschi: cardinale, collezionista, mecenate, 1300-1336'' (Cinisello Balsamo (Milano) : Silvana, 2011). * Baluzius, Stephanus �tienne Baluze ''Vitae Paparum Avinionensium'' 2 volumes (Paris: apud Franciscum Muguet 1693). (in Latin) "Secunda Vita Benedicti XII," 213–220. "Tertia Vita Benedicti XII," 219–225. "Quarta Vita Benedicti XII," 225–228. "Quinta Vita Benedicti XII," 229–244. * (second edition 1913). * Bernardus Guidonis, "Vita Joannis Papae XXII," in Ludovicus Antonius Muratori, ''Rerum Italicarum Scriptores'' Tomus Tertius (Milan 1723), 673–684. (in Latin) * Dragomanni, Francesco Gherardi (editor), ''Cronica di Giovanni Villani'' Tomo III (Firenze: Sansoni 1845). * Duhamel, L. "Un neveu de Jean XXII, Le cardinal Arnaud de Via," ''Bulletin monumental ''5 serie, Tome 11 (Paris 1883) 401–421. * * Souchon, Martin. ''Die Papstwahlen von Bonifaz VIII bis Urban VI'' (Braunschweig: Benno Goeritz 1888). * Theiner, Augustinus (Editor), ''Caesaris S. R. E. Cardinalis Baronii, Od. Raynaldi et Jac. Laderchii Annales Ecclesiastici'' Tomus Vigesimus Quartus 1313-1333 (Barri-Ducis: Ludovicus Guerin 1872); Tomus Vigesimus Quintus 1334-1355 (Barri-Ducis: Ludovicus Guerin 1872). (in Latin) * Trollope, Thomas Adolphus. 1876.
The Papal Conclaves, as they were and as they are
'.

External links

* Adams, J. P

Retrieved: 2016-06-26. * Guillemain, Bernard.
Benedetto XII
" Dizionario dei Papi (2000). (in Italian) {{Subject bar , portal1= Catholicism , portal2= Christianity , portal3= Vatican City , portal4= France , b=y, b-search=Biblical Studies/Christianity/Roman Catholicism/History , commons=y, commons-search=Papal conclave , n=y, n-search=Roman Catholic Church , q=y, q-search=Popes , s=y, s-search=Popes , v=y, v-search=Christian History , wikt=y, wikt-search=Pope , d=y Papal conclaves 14th-century elections 1334 Avignon Papacy