Pan dulce (sweet bread)

Pan dulce, literally meaning "sweet bread", is the general name for a variety of Mexican pastries. Bread was introduced in Mexico by Spanish colonists, settlers and immigrants; however, Mexican pan dulce as we know it today rose to popularity during the French occupation in the mid 1800s. They are inexpensive treats and are consumed as breakfast and or dinner.

Types

The creative contribution of French baked goods to Mexico's cuisine peaked in the early 20th century during the dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz. Skilled Mexican bakers adopted French techniques to create new bread designs with colorful names. Today it is estimated that there are between 500 and 2,000 types of bread currently produced in Mexico. Among these are:

*Alamar
*Almohada
*Antaño
*Barquillo
*Barra para rebanadas
*Beso
*Bicicletas
*Bigote
*Bisquet
*Bocado
*Budín
*Burrita
*Calabaza
*Calvo
*Calzón
*Canasta
*Caracol
*Cemita
*Chafaldrana
*Chamuco
*Chicharrón
*Chilindrina
*Chimistlán
*Chirimoya
*Chirindolfo
*Cocoles
*Colchón
*Concha
*Congal
*Coyota
*Cuerno de mantequilla
*Cuerno de vapor
*Donas
*Doroteo
*Elote
*Empanochada
*Galletas de coco
*Gendarme
*Guarapo
*Gusano
*Gusarapo
*Hojaldra
*Ladrillo
*Manita
*Mexicano
*Moño de danés
*Mundos
*Neblina
*Nopal
*Novia
*Ojo de Pancha
*Oreja
*Pachucos
*Pan catarino
*Pan de caja
*Pan de elote
*Pan de feria
*Pan de muerto
*Pan de pueblo
*Pan de pulque
*Pan de royal
*Pan de yema
*Pan decorado con letras
*Pan en forma de corazón
*Pan en forma de tornillo
*Pan mestizo
*Pan redondo bordado
*Pan redondo o moreliano
*Pan típico de nuez
*Panquecito
*Pechuga
*Piedra
*Polvorón
*Puerquito de piloncillo
*Rebanada
*Regañada
*Reja
*Rehiletes
*Rieles
*Rosca de reyes
*Roscas de canela
*Soles
*Tanas
*Tecoyota
*Trenza
*Yolanda
*Yoyos

Besos

A beso (kiss), from Mexico, is made by creating round domes on the top with a drop filling of jam in the middle.

Campechanas

Campechanas are rectangular or round glazed Mexican pastries (referred to as hojaldre, Mexican millefeuille). It is crisp, flaky, and has a shiny caramel colored finish. It is a very common pan dulce.

Conchas (shells)

Conchas (shells) are known for their shell-like shape and sugar shell pattern on the top. This is the most common of a genre of bizcocho (egg dough) that is topped with a plethora of toppings elaborated out of cookie dough. Although the classic shape is shell-like, it can also be shaped like a snail and the cookie-dough topping can be stamped to be in the pattern of squares as well. Some are sprinkled with different types of sugar or sesame. Each shape and presentation has a different name; there are dozens. Classic colors are chocolate, vanilla, egg, or pink, but they can be made in any food color available. The dough is classically flavored with vanilla or orange blossom (flor de azahar), and can be mixed with anise seeds or cinnamon. Other names include arracadas, potosinas, and novias. The concha is similar to Japanese melon pan. This is one of the most famous Mexican pastries and widely recognized in the United States. It is also referred to as "pan de huevo" (egg bread) in other Latin American countries, such as Chile, where they are eaten during tea time or at the beach. They are known as cemitas in Honduras. Conchas are known as bizcochos in Spain.

Cuernos (horns)

Cuernos (horns) are a Mexican pastry that is known for their horn-like shape. This pastry has garnered many comparisons to the French croissant.

Empanadas (turnovers)

Empanadas (turnovers) are a pastry more commonly served in Cuba and South America but also have a place in Mexican cuisine. They are filled with meat or other ingredients such as cheese or vegetables of different sorts. They are also filled with fruit such as pumpkin or apple.

Marianas

Marianas are small vanilla sponge cakes that are coated with raspberry jam and coconut along the outside. The top part of Marianas are usually filled with icing or fruit filling.

Marranitos / cochinitos / puerquitos (little pigs)

Marranitos / cochinitos / puerquitos (little pigs) are pig-shaped pastries sweetened with piloncillo and spiced with cinnamon. The bread has erroneously been called "gingerbread pig" because the finished result looks similar to gingerbread. However, ginger isn't used to make the pastry.

Orejas (ears)

Orejas (ears) are flaky and sweet Mexican pastries that are shaped like an ear and are very common at bakeries. They are very similar to a French Palmier.

Piedras (rocks or stones)

Piedras (rocks or stones) is a pastry made of old bread and is known to be as hard as a rock. Many people eat this with very hot drinks.

Polvorones (wedding cookies)

Polvorones (wedding cookies) are shortbread cookies, often eaten at weddings.

Yoyos (yo-yos)

Yoyos (yo-yos) are a Mexican pastry named after the yo-yo toy, and is shaped exactly like it, but does not have the string. It has a filling which usually consists of raspberry jam.

Religious and seasonal pastries

With the invention of in Mexico, other significant breads were produced to celebrate special occasions and traditions, such as and . These special breads are part of the traditional customs that have been around for centuries. The stories behind these special occasional breads derive from religious beliefs, the dominant being Roman Catholic.

Rosca de reyes

("kings' crown") is a treat in addition to a gift that is given on Three Kings Day, , which is held twelve days after Christmas, the celebration date of the birth of Jesus Christ. This bread is symbolic in many ways, the most illustrative being its round shape which signifies the crown of the Magi. Baked inside is a small white plastic or ceramic figurine which represents the baby Jesus. The hidden baby Jesus symbolizes the secrecy of the location of Jesus as a child. The ruler of Jerusalem, King Herod, upon learning about the birth of the rightful King of Jerusalem, ordered that all male infants be killed so that he could keep his crown. Whoever finds the small figurine is obligated to host a party for the celebration of the – – which occurs on February 2.

Pan de muerto

('bread of the dead') is a special bread that is consumed and offered as a part of the celebration in October and November. Day of the Dead is a lively and communal commemoration of the dead. The bread takes many different shapes, from skulls to animals to crosses and mummies. The traditional is shaped like a skull, round, with a little ball at the center top to represent a cranium. Following are the four bones to symbolize the four courses of the universe.Historia del Pan de Muerto - Miércoles - 31 de Octubre de 2012 - Sabor a México
/ref> consists of ingredients such as dry yeast, all purpose flour, eggs, butter and salt.

Cultural significance

is considered to be a Mexican cuisine even though its origins are European. Other countries in Latin America and even Europe have adapted some of Mexico's pastries, but it is in Mexico that the creative new shapes originate. Today, pan dulce is seen in many parts of the United States, especially in places like California and Texas, as a result of migration.

Mexico

In Mexico, is typically consumed at breakfast or evening supper. It is usually accompanied by hot chocolate, milk (often warm), or coffee, and is dipped into the drink for better taste. It can also be eaten alone.

United States

can be found in Mexican markets in many U.S. states. Though may not be consumed as frequently, it is commonly consumed in Latin American homes.

See also

* Latin American cuisine
* List of pastries
* List of sweet breads
* Mexican breads
* Mexican cuisine

References

External links

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{{Mexican cuisine

Mexican breads
Mexican pastries
Sweet breads
Latin American breads