The Palestine Brigade of the Royal Flying Corps, and later

Royal Air Force The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's air and space force. It was formed towards the end of the First World War on 1 April 1918, becoming the first independent air force in the world, by regrouping the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) an ...

, was formed 5 October 1917 in response to

General Allenby Field Marshal Edmund Henry Hynman Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby, (23 April 1861 – 14 May 1936) was a senior British Army officer and Imperial Governor. He fought in the Second Boer War and also in the First World War, in which he led th ...

's request for an air formation for his planned offensive against the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

in Palestine.

Background

Prior to Allenby's appointment as commander of the

Egyptian Expeditionary Force The Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) was a British Empire military formation, formed on 10 March 1916 under the command of General Archibald Murray from the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force and the Force in Egypt (1914–15), at the beginning ...

, the German and Ottoman air services had enjoyed air superiority in the

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. This was because of the superior quantity and quality of German

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and Fokker aircraft in comparison to the British aircraft. Allenby was an air power enthusiast and he requested that the British

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increase the number and quality of Flying Corps aircraft at his disposal.

Formation and composition

With an increased number of British aircraft in the

Middle East The Middle East ( ar, الشرق الأوسط, ISO 233: ) is a geopolitical region commonly encompassing Arabia (including the Arabian Peninsula and Bahrain), Asia Minor (Asian part of Turkey except Hatay Province), East Thrace (Europ ...

, the Palestine Brigade was formed on 5 October 1917. It consisted of all Royal Flying Corps operational units based in the Middle East which were east of

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. Forming part of Royal Flying Corps Middle East and it was initially commanded by Brigadier-General W G H Salmond who retained command of RFC Middle East. In December 1917, command of the Palestine Brigade ceased to be held by the commander of RFC Middle East. Brigadier-General A E Borton was appointed Brigade Commander and Salmond, who had been promoted to Major-General, was GOC RFC Middle East. Although Borton answered directly to Allenby for operational matters, Salmond maintained a keen interest in the activities of the Palestine Brigade. The Palestine Brigade consisted of the following two

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: * 5th (Corps) Wing - tasked with aerial cooperation and direct support to Allenby's ground formations. * 40th (Army) Wing - formed at the same time as the Palestine Brigade and tasked with counter-air missions and attacking the Ottoman and German support infrastructure. In addition, by the summer of 1918 the Brigade also had a balloon company, an aircraft park, an aircraft depot and an engine repair depot. In August, the Brigade was strengthened by the addition of a single Handley Page 0/400 biplane bomber which had been flown from England.

Actions

The Palestine Brigade saw action throughout the Palestine Campaign, most notably at the Battle of Megiddo when the retreating Ottoman Seventh Army was destroyed on Nablus-Beisan road by aerial attack.

Commanders

The following officers commanded the Palestine Brigade: *5 October 1917 Brigadier-General W G H Salmond *5 November 1917 Brigadier-General W S Brancker *14 December 1917 Brigadier-General A E Borton *28 June 1918 Lieutenant Colonel R Williams *January 1919 - unknown *18 June 1919 Brigadier-General C S Burnett

References

{{reflist Brigades of the United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps Military units and formations of the Royal Air Force in World War I Military units and formations established in 1917 1917 establishments in British-administered Palestine