Palazzo Ducale, Urbino

The Ducal Palace ( it, Palazzo Ducale) is a Renaissance building in the Italian city of Urbino in the Marche. One of the most important monuments in Italy, it is listed as UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1998.

History

The construction of the Ducal Palace was begun for Duke Federico III da Montefeltro around the mid-fifteenth century by the Florentine Maso di Bartolomeo. The new construction included the pre-existing Palace of the Jole. The solid rock hillside salient was impregnable to siege but was problematic for carving out the foundation of a palace. Thus, a prominent fortress-builder, Luciano Laurana, from Dalmatia, was hired to build the substructure; but Laurana departed Urbino before the living quarters of the palace were begun. After Laurana, the designer or designers of the Ducal Palace are unknown with certainty. Leading High Renaissance architect Donato Bramante was a native of Urbino and may have worked on the completion of the palace.

The Ducal Palace is famous as the setting of the conversations which Baldassare Castiglione represents as having taken place in the Hall of Vigils in 1507 in his '' Book of the Courtier''.

The palace continued in use as a government building into the 20th century, housing municipal archives and offices, and public collections of antique inscriptions and sculpture (the Galleria Nazionale delle Marche, see below). Restorations completed in 1985 have reopened the extensive subterranean network to visitors.

''Studiolo'' and twin chapels

The Ducal Palace featured several rooms that reflect Federico's devotion to Classical and humanistic studies and served his daily routine, which included visiting the palace's '' lararium'' and reading Greek literature. These learned and explicitly pagan touches were atypical of a medieval palazzo.

''Studiolo''

A central element in this plan is the ''studiolo'' (a small study or cabinet for contemplation), a room measuring just 3.60 x 3.35m and facing away from the city of Urbino and towards the Duke's rural lands. Its beautifully executed intarsia work, surrounding the room's occupant with ''trompe-l'œil'' shelves, benches, and half-open latticework doors displaying symbolic objects representing the Liberal Arts, is the single most famous example of this Italian craft of inlay. The benches hold musical instruments, and the shelves contain representations of books and musical scores, scientific instruments (including an astrolabe and an armillary sphere), study furnishings (including a writing desk and an hourglass), weapons and armor, and various other objects (e.g. parrots in cages and a '' mazzocchio'').

Image:Urbino_studiolo_1.jpg, Intarsia paneling of the ''studiolo''
Image:Urbino_studiolo_2.jpg, Astronomical instruments and ''mazzocchio''
Image:Urbino_studiolo_3.jpg, A mechanical clock

The ''studiolo'' also features iconic representations of several persons, both contemporary and historical. On the intarsia panels are depicted statues of Federico in scholarly attire and of Faith, Hope, and Charity. Above the intarsia panels are portraits of great authors by Joos van Wassenhove (with reworking by Pedro Berruguete):

The upper register (shown in the diagram's outside rows and columns) presents Classical and humanistic writers, as opposed to the religious figures (broadly speaking) of the lower register (inside).

Chapel of Absolution and Temple of the Muses

Downstairs from the ''studiolo'' are a twinned pair of chapels, one Christian and one pagan. The vestibule leading to them emphasizes their complementarity with this inscribed elegiac couplet:

The Temple of the Muses, which may have been used as the personal ''studiolo'' of Federico's son Guidobaldo, originally featured paintings of the Muses as "sober musicians" that are perhaps the work of Giovanni Santi.Godwin, p. 91.

Galleria Nazionale delle Marche

The Galleria Nazionale delle Marche (National Gallery of the Marche), housed in the palace, is one of the most important collections of Renaissance art in the world. It includes important works by artists such as Raphael, Van Wassenhove (a ''Last Supper'' with portraits of the Montefeltro family and the court), Melozzo da Forlì, Piero della Francesca (with the famous ''Flagellation''), Paolo Uccello, Timoteo Viti, and other 15th century artists, as well as a late ''Resurrection'' by Titian.

Selected highlights

Image:Formerly Piero della Francesca - Ideal City - WGA17633 - Galleria Nazionale delle Marche Urbino.jpg, Attributed to Piero della Francesca
Ideal City, 60 x 200 cm


Image:Raffael 043.jpg, Raphael
La Muta, 64 x 48 cm
Image:Piero_della_Francesca_042_Flagellation.jpg, Piero della Francesca
Flagellation, 59 x 82 cm.
Image:Madonna di Senigallia.jpg, Piero della Francesca
Madonna di Senigallia, 61 x 53 cm.

Image:Titian - The Resurrection.jpg, Titian
Resurrection, 163 x 104 cm
Image:Giusto di gand, comunione degli apostoli, 1473-1474.jpg, Joos van Wassenhove
Institution of Eucharist, 331 x 335 cm.
Image:Titian LastSupper c1544 Urbino.jpg, Titian
Last Supper, 163 x 104 cm.

Image:Orazio gentileschi, Vision of St Francesca Romana.jpg, Orazio Gentileschi
Vision of St. Francesca Romana
Image:Paolo Uccello - Miracle of the Desecrated Host (Scene 2) - WGA23223.jpg, Paolo Uccello
Miracle of the Desecrated Host (Scene 2), 43 x 58 cm
Image:Luca signorelli, crocifissione, urbino, gnm.jpg, Luca Signorelli
Crucifixion, 144 x 89 cm.

Image:Paolo Uccello - Miracle of the Desecrated Host (Scene 4) - WGA23225.jpg, Paolo Uccello
Miracle of the Desecrated Host (Scene 4), 43 x 58 cm
Image:Paolo Monti - Servizio fotografico - BEIC 6359445.jpg, Federico Barocci
Virgin and Child with Saints, 283 x 190 cm.
Image:Paolo Uccello - Miracle of the Desecrated Host (Scene 6) - WGA23227.jpg, Paolo Uccello
Miracle of the Desecrated Host (Scene 6), 43 x 58 cm

References

Sources

* Luciano Cheles,
The Studiolo of Urbino: An Iconographic Investigation
' (Penn State Press, 1986)
* Robert Kirkbride,

' (Columbia University Press, 2008)

External links

Galleria Nazionale delle Marche - Official website

{{Authority control
Ducale, Urbino
Urbino
Renaissance architecture in le Marche
15th-century establishments in Italy
Art museums and galleries in Marche
Museums in Urbino
National museums of Italy
Ducal Palace, Urbino
Duchy of Urbino