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Pakistanis (Urdu: پاكِستانى قوم‬‎; Pakistani Qaum) are the people who are citizens of the modern Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Pakistan is a multi-ethnic and multilingual state: the majority of its people belong linguistically to the Indo-Iranian group while the remaining minority mainly belongs to a small amount of other language groups and families. As per the 2017 Census, the estimated population of Pakistan was over 207 million making it the world's fifth most-populous country.[12]

Ethnic sub-groups

Main article: Ethnic groups in Pakistan

Pakistan has one of the world's fastest growing populations. As the country is located in South Asia, Pakistani people are a mixture of various indigenous ethnic groups.

Pakistani people belong predominantly to seven main ethno-linguistic groups: Punjabi, Sindhi, Saraiki, Pashtun, Urdu Speakers, Baloch, and Kashmiri, with substantial numbers of Brahui, Hindkowan, Pahari, Shin, Burusho, Wakhi, Balti, Chitrali and other minority ethnic groups in the remote north of the country.

The Punjabi people, the largest ethnic group in Pakistan followed by Pashtuns who reside predominantly in North West regions of Pakistan. Pashtuns are the largest ethnic group in neighboring Afghanistan. The Sindhi people, on the other hand have been settled in the southeast of the country and gave their name to the mighty Indus/Sindhu river, while regional groups such as the Saraiki people have inhabited the regions between Punjab and Sindh.[13] The Kashmiri people are an important ethnic group of the Kashmir region in the north. There are other important indigenous people like the Balti, Hunzakots, and Gilgiti people(s) of the northern territories of Gilgit through whose territory ran the ancient Silk Route connecting Asia and Europe. The Chitrali people are another indigenous people who live high in the mountains in the northwest. Along with these main groups, there are smaller communities of Sheedi's who are descendants of African sailors and warriors who are believed to have arrived from the horn of Africa, as well as Urdu Speakers who came as migrants from India when Pakistan attained its independence from Britain in 1947. There are countless other ethnic groups that make up part of Pakistani's mosaic such as the Bengali, Burmese, Hazara, Uzbek, Tajik and Hakka.[13]

Culture

Main article: Culture of Pakistan

Pakistan has a heterogeneous culture, with all of the provinces maintaining differing social mores. However, Islam is the driving force behind the unity of varying ethnic groups from different parts of the country, and has significantly shaped the values and traditions of Pakistanis. Pakistani culture falls in the category of high context. and Pakistani wear the qamiz shalwar that is the culture of Pakistan

Languages

Main article: Languages of Pakistan

Urdu, a major standard register of Hindustani, is Pakistan's national language. Urdu was chosen as a token of unity and as a lingua franca so as not to give any native Pakistani language preference over the other. It is mostly learned as a second language, with nearly 93% of Pakistan's population having a mother tongue other than Urdu. Urdu is spoken as a first, second or at times third tongue by almost all Pakistani people. Numerous regional and provincial languages are spoken as first languages by the ethno-linguistic groups making up the country, with Punjabi having a plurality of native speakers with 45% of the total population. English is spoken at an official level and in most elite circles, as a legacy of the long British Raj colonial rule in the region.

Many Pakistanis worldwide speak the various regional languages of Pakistan such as: Urdu, Saraiki, Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto, Balochi, and Kashmiri.

Religion

Main article: Religion in Pakistan
Further information: Islam in Pakistan

The largest religion practiced in Pakistan is Islam. Other religious groups in Pakistan include Judaism, Sikhism, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Hinduism and Christianity.

Diaspora

Main article: Pakistani diaspora

There are large populations of Pakistani ancestry around the world, due to emigration. The population of Pakistanis abroad is considered to exceed seven million and can be found in the Middle East, North America, Europe, Asia and Australia.

See also

References

  1. ^ "U.S. and World Population Clock". United States Census Bureau. 
  2. ^ "2011 Census: Ethnic group, local authorities in the United Kingdom". Office for National Statistics. 11 October 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2015. 
  3. ^ Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). "American FactFinder - Results". Retrieved 17 March 2015. 
  4. ^ Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics. "2011 National Household Survey: Data tables – Ethnic Origin (101), Age Groups (10), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (327) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey". 12.statcan.ca. Retrieved 11 December 2017. 
  5. ^ Al-Qarari, Hussein (2009-03-29). "Pakistanis celebrate National Day in Kuwait". Kuwait Times. Archived from the original on 2011-06-17. Retrieved 2012-04-14. 
  6. ^ "Europe and Russian Federation", Yearbook of Pakistan Foreign Relations, 2003-2004, Pakistan: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2004, archived from the original on 2007-10-19, retrieved 2008-11-18 
  7. ^ Husain, Irfan (2002-11-09), "The Italian jobs", Dawn, Pakistan, retrieved 2008-11-18 
  8. ^ Qatar´s population by nationality Archived 2013-12-22 at the Wayback Machine. bq magazine Retrieved 15 December 2014
  9. ^ "TablaPx". Ine.es. Retrieved 11 December 2017. 
  10. ^ 출입국·외국인정책본부. "통계연보(글내용) < 통계자료실 < 출입국·외국인정책본부". Immigration.go.kr. Retrieved 11 December 2017. 
  11. ^ "Standard Outputs - Census Data Explorer - Scotland's Census - Log in". www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk. 
  12. ^ Dawn.com (2017-08-28). "Census results show 59.7pc growth in Karachi's population, 116pc in Lahore's since 1998". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 2017-09-01. 
  13. ^ a b "Pakistan". Infoplease.com. Retrieved 11 December 2017. 

Further reading

  • Abbasi, Nadia Mushtaq. "The Pakistani diaspora in Europe and its impact on democracy building in Pakistan." International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (2010).
  • Awan, Shehzadi Zamurrad. "Relevance of Education for Women's Empowerment in Punjab, Pakistan." Journal of International Women's Studies 18.1 (2016): 208+ online
  • Bolognani, Marta, and Stephen Lyon, eds. Pakistan and its diaspora: multidisciplinary approaches (Springer, 2011).
  • Eglar, Zekiya. A Punjabi Village in Pakistan: Perspectives on Community, Land, and Economy (Oxford UP, 2010).
  • Kalra, Virinder S., ed. Pakistani Diasporas: Culture, conflict, and change (Oxford UP, 2009).
  • Lukacs, John, ed. The people of South Asia: the biological anthropology of India, Pakistan, and Nepal (Springer, 2013).
  • Marsden, Magnus. "Muslim village intellectuals: the life of the mind in northern Pakistan." Anthropology today 21.1 (2005): 10-15.
  • Mughal, M. A. Z. "An anthropological perspective on the mosque in Pakistan." Asian Anthropology 14.2 (2015): 166-181.
  • Rauf, Abdur. "Rural women and the family: A study of a Punjabi village in Pakistan." Journal of Comparative Family Studies (1987): 403-415.
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